Calibration of CO and CO2 Monitors Used in Periodic Inspection of Vehicles at Fixed Stations for Environmental Control

Global efforts for environmental cleanliness through the control of gaseous emissions from vehicles are gaining momentum and attracting increasing attention. Calibration plays a crucial role in these efforts by ensuring the quantitative assessment of emissions for informed decisions on environmental treatments. This paper describes a method for the calibration of CO/CO2 monitors used for periodic inspections of vehicles in cites. The calibration was performed in the selected ranges: 900 - 12,000 µmol/mol for CO and 2000 - 20,000 µmol/mol for CO2. The traceability of the measurement results to the SI units was ensured by using certified reference materials from CO/N2 and CO2/N2 primary gas mixtures. The method performance was evaluated by assessing its linearity, accuracy, precision, bias, and uncertainty of the calibration results. The calibration data exhibited a strong linear trend with R² values close to 1, indicating an excellent fit between the measured values and the calibration lines. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD), ranged from 0.48 to 4.56% for CO and from 0.97 to 3.53% for CO2, staying well below the 5% threshold for reporting results at a 95% confidence level. Accuracy measured as percent recovery, was consistently high (≥ 99.1%) for CO and ranged from 84.90% to 101.54% across the calibration range for CO2. In addition, the method exhibited minimal bias for both CO and CO2 calibrations and thus provided a reliable and accurate approach for calibrating CO/CO2 monitors used in vehicle inspections. Thus, it ensures the effectiveness of exhaust emission control for better environment.

不确定线性系统混合H2 /H∞ 鲁棒输出反馈控制

解决了在系统状态空间模型的状态与输出矩阵中含有范数有界参数不确定线性系统的混合H2 /H∞ 鲁棒输出反馈控制问题 .所推导的满阶控制器对于所有可容许的参数不确定都能满足给定的H∞ 干扰衰减水平 ,且为最坏情形H2 代价函数提供了一个最优的上界 .所得的结果需要求解一个含有尺度参数的修正代数Riccati方程以及三个含有尺度参数的交叉耦合非线性方程 .而且 ,也给出了一个求解这些含有尺度参数非线性方程的数值算法 .

Optimal Management of the Pension Contribution Rate Using the H∞-Control Theory

In this paper, we construct a general model for a pension fund when there are time delays in the valuation process. Actually, we use the standard structure of the basic reserve equation in order to rebuild a more sophisticated approach based on the theory of H∞ control. Our model evaluates the incomplete information from the delayed fund valuations—due to the oscillatory pattern for benefit claims and investment experience of the past years—within the context of uncertainty additionally to the randomness which certainly exists. So, we construct estimations for the optimal proposed contribution rates based on a feedback mechanism which is a robust stabilization controller, using typical linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical application is fully investigated to obtain further insight into the problem.

Feature Conditioning Based on DWT Sub-Bands Selection on Proposed Channels in BCI Speller

In this paper, we present a novel and efficient scheme for detection of P300 component of the event-related potential in the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) speller paradigm that needs significantly less EEG channels and uses a minimal subset of effective features. Removing unnecessary channels and reducing the feature dimension resulted in lower cost and shorter time and thus improved the BCI implementation. The idea was to employ a proper method to optimize the number of channels and feature vectors while keeping high accuracy in classification performance. Optimal channel selection was based on both discriminative criteria and forward-backward investigation. Besides, we obtained a minimal subset of effective features by choosing the discriminant coefficients of wavelet decomposition. Our algorithm was tested on dataset II of the BCI competition 2005. We achieved 92% accuracy using a simple LDA classifier, as compared with the second best result in BCI 2005 with an accuracy of 90.5% using SVM for classification which required more computation, and against the highest accuracy of 96.5% in BCI 2005 that used SVM and much more channels requiring excessive calculations. We also applied our proposed scheme on Hoffmann’s dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of channel reduction and achieved acceptable results.

Robust Optimal H∞ Control for Uncertain 2-D Discrete State-Delayed Systems Described by the General Model

This paper investigates the problem of robust optimal H∞ control for uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) discrete state-delayed systems described by the general model (GM) with norm-bounded uncertainties. A sufficient condition for the existence of g-suboptimal robust H∞ state feedback controllers is established, based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Moreover, a convex optimization problem is developed to design a robust optimal state feedback controller which minimizes the H∞ noise attenuation level of the resulting closed-loop system. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Delay-Dependent Robust H∞ Control for Uncertain 2-D Discrete State Delay Systems Described by the General Model

This paper considers the problem of delay-dependent robust optimal H∞ control for a class of uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) discrete state delay systems described by the general model (GM). The parameter uncertainties are assumed to be norm-bounded. A linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based sufficient condition for the existence of delay-dependent g-suboptimal state feedback robust H∞ controllers which guarantees not only the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, but also the H∞ noise attenuation g over all admissible parameter uncertainties is established. Furthermore, a convex optimization problem is formulated to design a delay-dependent state feedback robust optimal H∞ controller which minimizes the H∞ noise attenuation g of the closed-loop system. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Robust Finite-Time H∞ Filtering for ItôStochastic Systems

This paper investigates the problem of robust finite-time H∞ filter design for Itô stochastic systems. Based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIS) techniques and stability theory of stochastic differential equations, stochastic Lyapunov function method is adopted to design a finite-time H∞ filter such that, for all admissible uncertainties, the filtering error system is stochastic finite-time stable (SFTS). A sufficient condition for the existence of a finite-time H∞ filter for the stochastic system under consideration is achieved in terms of LMIS. Moreover, the explicit expression of the desired filter parameters is given. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

H∞ Control for Externally Excited Building Structures with Active Mass Damper under Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates the application of active mass dampers to mitigate the vibrations of building structures subjected to unknown external excitations under controller saturation conditions. By utilizing an H∞ control strategy, the optimal state feedback controller is derived by solving the linear matrix inequality problem for controller saturation. Case studies show that the proposed controller is capable of stabilizing the closed-loop system with good control performance and effectively suppressing vibrations in building structures under unknown external excitation. When compared to controllers that do not consider saturation, the proposed controller requires lower gain and results in reduced energy consumption. The research findings provide valuable insights for addressing real-world building structure control problems, contributing to both theoretical significance and practical applications.

Multi-Value Sequence Generated over Sub Extension Field and Its Properties

Pseudo-random sequences with long period, low correlation, high linear complexity, and uniform distribution of bit patterns are widely used in the field of information security and cryptography. This paper proposes an approach for generating a pseudo-random multi-value sequence (including a binary sequence) by utilizing a primitive polynomial, trace function, and k-th power residue symbol over the sub extension field. All our previous sequences are defined over the prime field, whereas, proposed sequence in this paper is defined over the sub extension field. Thus, it’s a new and innovative perception to consider the sub extension field during the sequence generation procedure. By considering the sub extension field, two notable outcomes are: proposed sequence holds higher linear complexity and more uniform distribution of bit patterns compared to our previous work which defined over the prime field. Additionally, other important properties of the proposed multi-value sequence such as period, autocorrelation, and cross-correlation are theoretically shown along with some experimental results.

次线性期望空间下独立同分布序列的一个强大数定律

利用与概率空间不同的研究方法,研究次线性期望空间中独立同分布随机变量序列的加权和在某些条件下的一个强大数定律,从而将该定理从传统概率空间扩展到次线性期望空间.

一种基于加权拟合的定制家居封边板材尺寸测量方法

板材在流程化加工过程中,会因为辊道的不连续性导致其在运动过程中震动和倾斜,给其尺寸的在线测量带来困难。根据板材的形状特点,提出一种基于加权灰度矩的亚像素边界拟合定位方法,以实现宽度的准确测量。首先利用方向滤波和边缘算子进行边缘筛选,利用最小二乘法拟合边缘点集合得到像素级边缘,再基于离群度的灰度矩加权拟合方法,定位得出板材边缘的亚像素位置,克服了震动和光照造成的边缘离散问题,同时结合线阵相机的单维度标定方法,获得了板材宽度的测量结果。现场测试表明,该方法的测量精度小于0.1 mm,满足工厂测量的要求,且具有较好的鲁棒性。

次线性期望下宽相依随机变量的完全f-矩收敛性

基于次线性期望下宽相依(WOD)随机变量的完全f-矩收敛性,强调了WOD随机变量在解决实际问题中的重要性。与完全矩收敛相比,完全f-矩收敛具有更强的性质。通过引入次线性期望的概念,运用了次线性期望空间下的一系列性质,结合新的容度不等式及证明方法,将完全f-矩收敛定理从传统的经典概率空间推广到了更为广阔的次线性期望空间。

基于局部Transformer的泰语分词和词性标注联合模型

泰语分词和词性标注任务二者之间存在高关联性,已有研究表明将分词和词性标注任务进行联合学习可以有效提升模型性能,为此,提出了一种针对泰语拼写和构词特点的分词和词性标注联合模型。针对泰语中字符构成音节,音节组成词语的特点,采用局部Transformer网络从音节序列中学习分词特征;考虑到词根和词缀等音节与词性的关联,将用于分词的音节特征融入词语序列特征,缓解未知词的词性标注特征缺失问题。在此基础上,模型采用线性分类层预测分词标签,采用线性条件随机场建模词性序列的依赖关系。在泰语数据集LST20上的试验结果表明,模型分词F1、词性标注微平均F1和宏平均F1分别达到96.33%、97.06%和85.98%,相较基线模型分别提升了0.33%、0.44%和0.12%。

编辑视角下语篇分析的线性表达

为便于编辑理清语篇内容推进路径,从语篇产生和理解角度入手,首先确定语篇分析基本单位为子目标,其次以一个周期内的句子比跨周期的句子具有更大的概念连贯性理论作为子目标之间的划界依据,最后根据自然顺序及堆栈原理利用子目标勾勒语篇的延展路径图,展示一种语篇多维信息的线性化描述方式。

基于等效线性化的核电厂频域隔震分析方法研究

在核电构筑物土-结构相互作用(SSI)分析中常用的方法是子结构法,这是由于其采用半解析法地基模拟技术,具有求解速度快、分析系统频率稳定的优势。因此,可在隔震核电厂房楼层反应谱计算中采用子结构法。因隔震支座具有明显的非线性特征,而子结构法基于叠加原理,在求解非线性问题时具有局限性,为了能够采用子结构法求解隔震核电厂房地震响应问题,基于等效线性化理念,在子结构法中实现隔震支座非线性行为模拟,并用SAP 2000软件验证本方法的可行性。将该方法应用于不同地基参数下隔震厂房反应谱计算,将得到的反应谱与采用隔震支座等效刚度计算结果进行对比。研究结果表明,在子结构法中应用等效线性化方法得到的隔震支座滞回曲线与采用SAP2000软件得到的滞回曲线基本一致,证明该方法是可行的;与采用等效刚度计算结果相比,采用迭代收敛刚度计算出的零周期加速度变化较小,主频略降低,峰值略有提高;由于隔震系统卓越频率与场地卓越频率并不接近,因此隔震结构楼层反应谱对地基参数的变化并不敏感。

考虑子盆地影响的二维盆地非线性地震反应研究

当前对盆地内子盆地对地震动放大效应的研究还较少,建立二维沉积盆地与子盆地黏弹性和非线性地震响应分析的有限元模型。结果表明:(1)聚焦效应让模型的主要放大区域集中在子盆地范围内。(2)相同阻抗比下黏弹性模型子盆地共振频率差值不到0.2 Hz,非线性模型差值在0.3 Hz以内;不同阻抗比下共振频率差值最大接近0.8 Hz,既有复杂地震波的影响,也有阻抗比的影响。(3)地震波对盆地地震响应有显著影响,地震波越强烈,土的非线性越强,子盆地的放大以及共振频率也越小。

利用线性调频声呐及波束角调节技术的海底管缆探测

针对海底管缆铺设及掩埋情况复杂、细小掩埋管缆定位及埋深探测困难等情况,本文介绍了线性调频声呐及波束角调节技术在海底管缆探测中的优势,结合EdgeTech3400 OTS浅地层剖面仪在海上风电场小管径电缆探测和沿海航道掩埋输气管探测中的应用案例,针对浅地层剖面仪在海底埋深管缆探测识别中的技术难点,分析了管缆探测影响因素与优化措施,对航道通航安全管理、港航工程项目建设及海上风电场建设运维等具有积极意义。

公务员亚健康状况影响因素的有序多分类logistic回归分析

目的调查辽宁省某市公务员的亚健康状况及其影响因素,为更好地预防亚健康和疾病、提高公务员的健康水平提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法,在2010年7-9月对辽宁省某市辖区内2700名不同单位性质的公务员的一般情况、生活方式、经历事件和亚健康状况进行调查,采用有序多分类logistic回归模型进行亚健康多因素分析。结果本次调查共发出问卷2700份,合格问卷2547份,合格率为94.70%。各子量表得分由高到低依次为生理子量表(67.41±14.331)、心理子量表(66.61±16.276)、社会子量表(61.28±17.588)、亚健康总均分为65.99±13.769。多元线性回归分析结果显示,公务员的亚健康状况与吃早餐情况、锻炼情况、环境污染、工作压力大、就职情况、与家人不和、工作性质有关。有序多分类logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、职别、家庭人均月收入、吸烟、饮酒和环境污染是影响公务员亚健康的主要因素。结论公务员亚健康的影响因素较为复杂,相关部门应予以重视。积极创建以健康调查、健康评估、健康计划制定、健康干预及健康效果评价为主的五星级健康管理模式,降低该类人群亚健康的发生率,提高公务员健康水平。

多用户MIMO-OFDM系统低速率CSI反馈方法及信道容量分析

该文针对闭环多用户MIMO-OFDM系统提出一种基于线性预测的低速率CSI(Channel State Information)反馈方法。根据相关带宽将OFDM子载波划分成多个子带,移动台对每个子带的CSI作线性预测,并对预测误差进行量化编码后反馈给基站;基站使用相同的线性预测滤波器将反馈来的预测误差恢复成CSI,然后在每个子带上通过迫零-波束赋形实现多用户空间复用。同时,该文还在采用注水定理分配发射功率的条件下,从理论上分析了下行链路信道容量。数值仿真结果显示,每个反馈数据的实部或虚部仅用1bit量化时,本方法仍能够以较高的精度恢复CSI。与目前3GPP LTE标准所采用的基于码书的反馈方案相比,该方法能够在反馈开销相同情况下,有效地抑制同信道干扰,大幅提高系统容量。

数字图像相关法在WC/Cu复合材料线膨胀系数测量中的应用

为了提高数字图像相关曲面拟合法在实际应用中的亚像素定位精度,对曲面拟合法进行了修正,并用修正后的曲面拟合法研究了WC颗粒大小和含量对WC/Cu复合材料线膨胀系数的影响。首先,分析了曲面相关拟合法在实际应用中的测量误差来源,并对其进行了修正。然后,用粉末冶金法制备出WC/Cu复合材料,对表面制备有耐高温散斑的试件进行热膨胀实验,并利用修正后的曲面拟合法测量了不同温度下WC/Cu复合材料的热变形场。最后,通过一元二次多项式拟合建立了WC/Cu复合材料热膨胀系数真值。结果表明:修正后的曲面拟合法有效地改善了传统方法的亚像素位移在0.5像素左右位移场不连续的问题,减小了亚像素定位误差,获得了更为准确的测量数据。