Relationships and Evolving Networks of Rural Manufacturing Clusters: A Case Study in Yucheng County, Henan Province of China

The evolution of networks in rural industrial clusters,in particular in the context of China has been paid more attention to in the world.Applying the theory and techniques of social network analysis (SNA),this study is with particular regard to the business network relationships and their evolutionary dynamics of steel measuring tape manufacturing clustered in Nanzhuang Village,Yucheng County of Henan Province,China,which is important for better understanding the industrial and regional development in less developed rural areas.From data collected by comprehensive questionnaire survey in 2002 and mass interviews with 60 enterprises and assembling families and several government authorities in 2002,2003,2004,2005 and 2008,four types of networks are identified: spin-off,consulting,communication and cooperative.The characteristic of these networks is outlined in detail.Compared with the high-tech clusters of typical developed areas,the networks that have evolved in traditional manufacturing clusters are more affected by emotive linkages.The cluster networks are shown to exhibit a polycentric hierarchical structure.The family relationships are the dominate spin-off channels of enterprises,while the supply and demand relationships and the mobility of the skilled workers are also important paths of network learning,and the cooperation relationships are comparatively stable.Besides the root enterprises,the middle-sized enterprises are comparatively more active than small-sized enterprises,and the intermediary agencies and the service institutions act as bridges of the inter-enterprises cooperation.By analysis of the structure of networks and the interactions between the networks,the four stages of network evolution are also identified.The four stages are dominated by the family networks,the internal division production networks,the local innovation networks and the global supply networks respectively,and they play different roles in cluster development.

Dynamic Intelligent Supply-Demand Adaptation Model Towards Intelligent Cloud Manufacturing

As a new mode and means of smart manufacturing,smart cloud manufacturing(SCM)faces great challenges in massive supply and demand,dynamic resource collaboration and intelligent adaptation.To address the problem,this paper proposes an SCM-oriented dynamic supply-demand(SD)intelligent adaptation model for massive manufacturing services.In this model,a collaborative network model is established based on the properties of both the supply-demand and their relationships;in addition,an algorithm based on deep graph clustering(DGC)and aligned sampling(AS)is used to divide and conquer the large adaptation domain to solve the problem of the slow computational speed caused by the high complexity of spatiotemporal search in the collaborative network model.At the same time,an intelligent supply-demand adaptation method driven by the quality of service(QoS)is established,in which the experiences of adaptation are shared among adaptation subdomains through deep reinforcement learning(DRL)powered by a transfer mechanism to improve the poor adaptation results caused by dynamic uncertainty.The results show that the model and the solution proposed in this paper can performcollaborative and intelligent supply-demand adaptation for themassive and dynamic resources in SCM through autonomous learning and can effectively performglobal supply-demand matching and optimal resource allocation.

Scheduling Dual-Arm Cluster Tools With Multiple Wafer Types and Residency Time Constraints

Accompanying the unceasing progress of integrated circuit manufacturing technology, the mainstream production mode of current semiconductor wafer fabrication is featured with multi-variety, small batch, and individual customization, which poses a huge challenge to the scheduling of cluster tools with single-wafer-type fabrication. Concurrent processing multiple wafer types in cluster tools, as a novel production pattern, has drawn increasing attention from industry to academia, whereas the corresponding research remains insufficient. This paper investigates the scheduling problems of dual-arm cluster tools with multiple wafer types and residency time constraints. To pursue an easy-to-implement cyclic operation under diverse flow patterns,we develop a novel robot activity strategy called multiplex swap sequence. In the light of the virtual module technology, the workloads that stem from bottleneck process steps and asymmetrical process configuration are balanced satisfactorily. Moreover, several sufficient and necessary conditions with closed-form expressions are obtained for checking the system's schedulability. Finally, efficient algorithms with polynomial complexity are developed to find the periodic scheduling, and its practicability and availability are demonstrated by the offered illustrative examples.

Polynomial Approach to Optimal One-wafer Cyclic Scheduling of Treelike Hybrid Multi-Cluster Tools via Petri Nets

A treelike hybrid multi-cluster tool is composed of both single-arm and dual-arm cluster tools with a treelike topology. Scheduling such a tool is challenging. For a hybrid treelike multi-cluster tool whose bottleneck individual tool is process-bound, this work aims at finding its optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule. It is modeled with Petri nets such that a onewafer cyclic schedule is parameterized as its robots' waiting time.Based on the model, this work proves the existence of its onewafer cyclic schedule that features with the ease of industrial implementation. Then, computationally efficient algorithms are proposed to find the minimal cycle time and optimal onewafer cyclic schedule. Multi-cluster tool examples are given to illustrate the proposed approach. The use of the found schedules enables industrial multi-cluster tools to operate with their highest productivity.

Cycle Time Analysis for Wafer Revisiting Process in Scheduling of Single-arm Cluster Tools

Some wafer fabrication processes performed by cluster tools require revisiting. With wafer revisiting, a cluster tool is very difficult to be scheduled due to a large number of possible schedules for the revisiting process. Atomic layer deposition （ALD） is a typical process with wafer revisiting that should be performed by cluster tools. This paper discusses the scheduling problem of single-arm cluster tools for the ALD process. In scheduling such a system, the most difficult part is to schedule the revisiting process such that the cycle time is minimized. Thus, this paper studies the revisiting process of ALD with revisiting times k = 3, 4, and 5, and analytical expressions are obtained to calculate the cycle time for the k possible schedules. Then, the schedule with the minimal cycle time is the optimal one. In this way, the scheduling problem of such a revisiting process becomes very simple and this is a significant improvement in scheduling cluster tools with wafer revisiting. Illustrative example is presented to show the application of the proposed method.

数实融合培育和壮大制造业产业集群的理论逻辑与实施路径

数字经济与实体经济融合发展已经成为中国提升产业竞争力的重要手段,在培育和壮大产业集群发展中具有重要的推动作用。本文从农村电商这一数字经济与实体经济融合的典型形式入手,以电商大县山东曹县的服饰产业为例,探究数实融合在培育和壮大制造业产业集群中的理论逻辑和实施路径,为深化数实融合促进产业集群发展提供新思路。数实融合带来的销售模式创新促使销售实体的市场容量跃升,为产业集聚发展提供动力支撑;数实融合改善制造业产业集群内部的资源配置水平和创新能力,线上集聚极大突破产业集群区域的发展资源禀赋限制,进而提升产业集群的竞争力水平。推动电商高质量发展、加强数字基础设施建设、推进生产企业的数字化转型和引导产业线上集聚,是以数实融合推动制造业集群发展的重要路径。

长三角城市群FDI、技术创新与先进制造业集群发展

FDI和技术创新是长三角城市群先进制造业集群发展的重要影响因素。文章基于2010—2021年长三角城市群26个城市面板数据,分析FDI对先进制造业集群发展的直接作用机制以及技术创新在FDI与先进制造业集群发展之间的中介作用机制,并运用面板回归模型和中介效应模型检验理论假设。研究结果表明:长三角城市群FDI对先进制造业集群发展具有显著的正向作用,其作用机制主要表现为促进集群网络化、产业链优化和劳动力流动;技术创新在FDI与先进制造业集群发展之间具有显著的中介作用。根据研究结论提出长三角城市群促进FDI高质量发展、提高先进制造业集群的科技创新能力、加强FDI与技术创新的协同效应等政策建议。

原子级制造的关键基础科学问题

人类的制造技术逐步向原子级推进,原子作为化学反应中的最小粒子,虽然它可以分成更小的原子核、电子等,但是从制造的角度看,原子级制造可以说是人类制造的最底层技术,也是继微纳制造之后新的制造范式,可将制造精度以及产品性能推向极致水平,代表着人类对物质世界认知和制造能力发展的新阶段,是引领未来产业变革发展的战略性技术,也是保障国家安全和推动国计民生重大装备跨代升级的重要前沿方向。本文基于第330期双清论坛总结了原子级制造的研究现状、发展趋势及机遇挑战,凝练出未来5~10年原子级制造的焦点问题和亟需解决的关键科学问题,探讨了相关领域的前沿发展方向和科学基金资助战略。

制造业集聚对城市经济韧性的影响研究

在城市迈向高质量发展的进程中,面对复杂多变的国内外环境,提升城市经济韧性变得越发重要。文章在探究制造业集聚对城市经济韧性影响机理的基础上,运用2008—2021年中国278个城市面板数据进行实证研究。研究发现:制造业集聚可以显著提升城市经济韧性,且这一影响作用具有明显的异质性;有效市场与有为政府的耦合协同效应在制造业集聚提升城市经济韧性的过程中起正向调节作用且具有异质性;空间效应分析表明,制造业集聚对城市经济韧性提升具有正向空间溢出效应。据此,文章针对如何提高城市经济韧性提出相应对策建议。

筑牢以制造业为核心的实体经济:基础条件与关键突破

制造业高质量发展是建设社会主义现代化强国和发展壮大实体经济的有力支撑。党的十八大以来,我国工业体系日益完善,制造业经营主体不断壮大,高端化智能化绿色化步伐加快,新制造业领域异军突起,先进制造业产业集群不断壮大,制造业综合实力和国际竞争力持续增强,已成为实体经济发展壮大的坚强支撑。推动制造业高质量发展,筑牢实体经济的根基,需要全方位发力,但又要有重点突破,这就是融合化和数字化。数字技术的广泛运用正在助力制造业和服务业的深度融合,并以此拓展以制造业为核心支撑的实体经济发展新空间。基于强大的数字赋能,我国制造业迎来了发展新机遇。未来,要以创新驱动培育制造业新质生产力,以新型基础设施建设助力制造业企业转型升级,以智能制造增强制造业核心竞争力,以数实融合重塑产业集聚模式,全力培育和壮大先进制造业集群,由此推进制造业高质量发展和实体经济强筋壮骨。

全球价值链重构与中国制造集群网络转型升级

受制于发达国家的技术主导,中国制造业长期处于“低端锁定”和“高端封锁”状态。当前,新冠疫情、数字化革命和国际贸易规则变化多重因素加速全球价值链重构,为我国制造业实现全球价值链的跃迁提供了绝佳机遇。首先,本文分析中国制造集群网络目前面临的困境,并从数字化、服务化和区域化三层面,探讨全球价值链重构对中国制造业升级的影响机制。在此基础上,文章提出中国制造集群网络转型升级的战略路径:分别是促进产业链、创新链和服务链的深度融合,实现向“微笑曲线”两端延伸和中部“凸起”的直接路径;以及重构国内价值链和区域价值链,并逆向整合全球价值链的间接路径,以期为我国制造集群网络在全球价值链的攀升提供理论支持。

苏州新兴服务业支撑先进制造业创新集群融合发展策略

江苏省把制造强省建设摆在突出位置。苏州是全球化供应链的重要节点和枢纽,提出以创新集群融合实现高质量发展。分析苏州新兴服务业支撑先进制造业创新集群融合发展现状及具备的优势,针对发展瓶颈,从集群发展组织、创新能级、价值链风险、品牌建设、数字技术等方面提出对策。

新乡市智能装备制造业存在的问题及竞争力提升对策研究

新乡市是河南省四大智能装备产业基地之一,但存在转型升级任务艰巨、集聚集群程度不高、小微企业多而不强、高端技术人才不足等问题。结合产业集群和技术创新产业升级理论,从加大支持力度、强化政策支持组织保障,坚持创新驱动、提升企业核心竞争能力,优化产业布局,推进产业集聚集群发展,加强人才保障、加快吸引高端人才落户,提升品牌影响力、打造智能装备制造名片等五个方面提出了提升新乡市智能装备制造业竞争力的对策。

基于组合结构的逻辑回归点击预测算法

随着互联网和广告平台的飞速发展,面对海量的广告信息,为了提升用户点击率,提出一种改进的基于组合结构的逻辑回归点击预测算法LRCS(Logical Regression of Combination Structure)。该算法基于不同类别特征广告受众可能不同的特点,首先,采用FM进行特征组合,产生两类组合特征;其次,将一类特征组合作为聚类算法的输入进行聚类;最后,将另一类特征组合输入由聚类产生的分段GBDT+逻辑回归组合的模型中进行预测。在两个公开数据集中进行了多角度验证,结果表明与其他几类常用的点击预测算法相比,LRCS在点击预测上有一定的性能提升。

长江中游城市群制造业数字化转型升级水平及其影响因素

随着工业发展的不断推进,制造业数字化转型日益成为重要的趋势。数字化技术的快速发展和普及为制造业带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。通过熵权法构建长江中游城市群制造业数字化水平指数,探讨长江中游城市群制造业企业数字化转型升级水平的影响因素。结果表明,数字化技术升级、数字化创新升级及数字化效益升级对于推动制造业的数字化转型具有重要的推动作用。

我国体育用品制造产业集群成熟度模型构建及其实证研究

通过构建体育用品制造产业集群成熟度评价指标体系对我国8个典型体育用品制造产业集群成熟度进行实证评价,发现:(1)目前在我国典型体育用品制造产业集群中,除江苏江都运动护具制造产业集群之外,其他集群成熟度评价得分均>8,评价等级隶属于“较高”,说明我国体育用品制造产业集群经过多年发展已经进入到成熟阶段。(2)在集群组织生产成熟度、集群知识创新成熟度、集群社会网络成熟度、集群发展环境成熟度4个一级评价指标中,我国典型体育用品制造产业集群的集群发展环境成熟度评分得分均>8,评价等级隶属于“较高”,说明我国体育用品制造产业集群发展环境普遍较优;集群知识创新成熟度得分均<8,评价等级隶属于“一般”与“较高”之间,说明我国体育用品制造产业集群的知识创新普遍较差并滞后于集群整体成熟度。(3)进一步分析,发现目前我国体育用品制造产业集群处于成熟巩固期向成熟创新期过渡的阶段。由此,提出我国培育世界级先进体育用品制造产业集群的建议:合理把握发展时长,制定梯次发展目标;明确发展主体,发挥主体作用;制定合理战略,注重融合发展;注重驱动机制创新,设计多种实施路径。

金属增材制造晶体塑性有限胞元自洽聚类分析方法

金属增材制造是一种先进的数字化制造技术,在高性能及复杂构件快速制备方面具有独特的优势.然而,其成形材料微观组织复杂且存在不可避免的制造缺陷,导致实际制造材料性能与设计性能存在偏差,亟需发展考虑真实材料微观组织和缺陷的力学性能高效预测方法.针对该问题,发展了晶体塑性有限胞元-自洽聚类分析方法,包括离线数据准备和在线快速计算两个阶段.其中,在离线阶段,采用晶体塑性有限胞元法和聚类算法建立实际微观组织代表体元离散数据;在线阶段,采用基于加权余量-子域法的自洽聚类分析和考虑Hall-Petch效应的晶体塑性模型求解了代表体元问题的Lippmann-Schwinger方程,进而通过应力应变均匀化获得材料的宏观等效力学性能.通过理想及含不规则孔隙的多晶算例验证了所提出方法的计算精度及高效性;进一步,采用该方法研究了激光选区熔融增材制造IN625合金力学性能,并揭示了工艺参数对其力学性能的影响.结果表明,文章工作为金属增材制造成形材料力学性能预测提供了一种高效的计算方法.

产业融合集群发展对产业链韧性的影响

产业融合集群是推动现代产业体系构建的重要途径之一,有助于实现产业升级、提升产业链韧性。针对数字经济产业与制造业产业的融合集群发展,以产业链理论、产业韧性理论和创新生态系统理论为基础,构建耦合协调度模型测度产业融合集群发展水平,探究产业融合集群发展对制造业产业链韧性的提升机制。研究发现:产业融合集群发展对制造业产业链韧性、产业协同创新具有促进作用,产业协同创新亦可显著增强制造业产业链韧性;创新生态系统共生性在产业融合集群发展与制造业产业链韧性的关系中起显著调节作用。从产业融合集群、产业协同创新、创新生态系统等方面为我国制造业提升产业链韧性开拓了新思路、提供了新路径。

基于兴趣点(POI)数据的产业链创新链空间布局及空间匹配性分析——以浙江省为例

基于POI数据,构建引入了服务能力和类别差异、服务半径和距离衰减效应的改进潜力模型,以浙江“415”先进制造业集群为样本测度产业链创新链的空间布局及空间匹配性。结果表明,世界级先进产业集群相比特色产业集群、传统优势产业相比新兴产业与创新链空间匹配性更高,省级相比国家级、基础研究和成果转化环节相比其他环节空间匹配性更高,且各集群在不同层级、环节上的空间匹配性差异较大。为此,从优化创新平台载体空间布局、重点产业“一群一策”及不同产业间强化协同方面提出了推进“双链”深度融合的相关建议。

面向智能制造岗位需求的高职机电专业课程建设

为使培养的人才胜任智能制造企业技术技能岗位,根据国家职业技能标准和智能制造企业岗位需求,从职业道德、安全文明生产、基础理论知识和专业技能水平等方面,提出专业技能全面、技能技术融合、职业素养一流的智能制造企业技术技能岗位人才需求。为了满足企业需求,提高人才培养质量,对于高职院校机电类相关专业而言,可以从调整人才培养模式、突出能力评价、优化课程体系、形成反馈机制等四个方面着手,构建专业课程体系,不断提升办学水平。