Optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for polarizing beam splitter based on effective medium theory

A novel optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for the polarizing beam splitter （PBS） is proposed. The method is based on effective medium theory and the method of designing single layer antireflection coating. The polarization performance of PBS is discussed by rigorous couple-wave analysis （RCWA） method at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The result shows that sub-wavelength metal rectangular grating is characterized by a high reflectivity, like metal films for TE polarization, and high transmissivity, like dielectric films for TM polarization. The optimal design accords well with the results simulated by RCWA method.

Polarization control and tuning efficiency of tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with internal-cavity sub-wavelength grating

We design an 850 nm tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL)structure using an internal-cavity sub-wavelength grating.The use of such a tuning structure allows for wider wavelength tuning range and more stable single-polarization as compared to conventional tunable VCSELs.The features of the internal-cavity grating effect on the wavelength tuning and polarization characteristics of the tunable VCSEL are analyzed.The simulation results show that the largest wavelength tuning range achieves 44.2 nm,and the maximum orthogonal polarization suppression ratio(OPSR)is 33.4 dB(TE-type)and 38.7 dB(TM-type).

Theoretical investigation of hierarchical sub-wavelength photonic structures fabricated using high-order waveguide-mode interference lithograph

This paper presents the theoretical investigation of hierarchical sub-wavelength photonic structures with various periods and numbers of layers, which were fabricated using a high-order waveguide-mode interference field. A 442-nm laser was used to excite high-order waveguide modes in an asymmetric metal-cladding dielectric waveguide structure. The dispersion curve of the waveguide modes was theoretically analyzed, and the distribution of the interference field of high-order waveguide modes was numerically simulated using the finite-element method. The various dependences of the characteristics of hierarchical sub-wavelength photonic structures on the thickness and refractive index of the photoresist and the waveguide mode were investigated in detail. These hierarchical sub-wavelength photonic structures have various periods and numbers of layers and can be fabricated by a simple and low-cost method.

Lowering plasma frequency by enhancing the effective mass of electrons: A route to deep sub-wavelength metamaterials

Deep sub-wavelength metamaterials are the key to the further development of practical metamaterials with small volumes and broadband properties. We propose to reduce the electrical sizes of metamaterials down to more sub-wavelength scales by lowering the plasma frequencies of metallic wires. The theoretical model is firstly established by analyzing the plasma frequency of continuous thin wires. By introducing more inductance elements, the effective electron mass can be enhanced drastically, leading to significantly lowered plasma frequencies. Based on this theory, we demonstrate that both the electric and the magnetic plasma frequencies of metamaterials can be lowered significantly and thus the electrical sizes of metamaterials can be reduced to more sub-wavelength scales. This provides an efficient route to deep sub-wavelength metamaterials and will give rigorous impetus for the further development of practical metamaterials.

Experimental and numerical studies on the receiving gain enhancement modulated by a sub-wavelength plasma layer

A novel technique based on sub-wavelength plasma structure effects on enhancement of RF communication signals on a receiving antenna is carried out in this paper in laboratory experiments and analyzed by corresponding numerical simulations.Considerable intensification on receiving signal gain up to -10 d B in comparison with that without the plasma modulation is observed experimentally in -1 GHz RF band,with an effective enhancement bandwidth of -340 MHz and the fractional bandwidth of -34%.Then,the optimal modulation parameters of plasma are further studied by a numerical simulation.It is shown that the number density,the layer thickness,and the collision frequency of the plasma,as well as the relative distance between the plasma layer and antenna synergistically affect the modulation.Compared to the metallic antenna with the same overall dimension,the modulated antenna covered by the subwavelength plasma structure features higher receiving efficiency and lower radar cross section in the studied RF band.The mechanism of the reception enhancement is further revealed by analyzing characteristics of electromagnetic scattering and electric field distribution in the subwavelength plasma layer.The results then exhibit scientific significance and application potential of sub-wavelength plasma modulation on compact receiving antennas with higher performance and better feature of radar stealth.

Studies on omnidirectional enhancement of giga-hertz radiation by sub-wavelength plasma modulation

The technology of radio frequency （RF） radiation intensification for radio compact antennas based on modulation and enhancement effects of sub-wavelength plasma structures represents an innovative developing strategy. It exhibits important scientific significance and promising potential of broad applications in various areas of national strategic demands, such as electrical information network and microwave communication, detection and control technology. In this paper, laboratory experiments and corresponding analyses have been carried out to investigate the modulation and enhancement technology of sub-wavelength plasma structure on the RF electromagnetic radiation. An application focused sub-wavelength plasma-added intensification up to ~7 dB higher than the free-space radiation is observed experimentally in giga-hertz （GHz） RF band. The effective radiation enhancement bandwidth covers from 0.85 to 1.17 GHz, while the enhanced electromagnetic signals transmitted by sub-wavelength plasma structures maintain good communication quality. Particularly, differing from the traditional RF electromagnetic radiation enhancement method characterized by focusing the radiation field of antenna in a specific direction, the sub-wavelength plasma-added intensification of the antenna radiation presents an omnidirectional enhancement, which is reported experimentally for the first time. Corresponding performance characteristics and enhancement mechanism analyses are also conducted in this paper. The results have demonstrated the feasibility and promising potential of sub-wavelength plasma modulation in application focused RF communication, and provided the scientific basis for further research and development of sub-wavelength plasma enhanced compact antennas with wide-range requests and good quality for communication.

变周期亚波长介质光栅多层膜的双重Fano共振特性

现在众多传感结构模型只能对单变量待测样本折射率进行传感检测,为实现不同待测样本的高通量检测并降低环境因素的干扰,提出了一种基于波长调制的变周期亚波长介质光栅多层膜复合结构。以双周期为例进行分析,变周期光栅层由两个具有不同光栅周期的介质光栅A和B组成,通过有限元法对传输特性进行分析,TE偏振入射光以垂直于光栅层表面的方式入射至介质光栅表面,当在介质光栅区域A和B内分别满足相位匹配条件时,变周期亚波长介质光栅会形成GMR,提供两个具有单一窄带的双离散态共振缺陷峰;由于类F-P腔中含有周期性光子晶体,光波传播到光子晶体会产生光子禁带,提供一个较宽频带的连续态。在满足相位匹配条件时,变周期亚波长波导结构中形成的双离散态共振缺陷峰与周期性光子晶体多层介质薄膜构成的类F-P腔中形成的连续态发生耦合,实现双重Fano共振。然后通过探究波导层厚度dw和光子晶体周期数N对传感特性的影响,选择dw=97 nm和N=3,使其达到FOM值最大。最终因变周期介质光栅层是由两种具有不同介质折射率的材料构成,在介质光栅区域A和B的光栅凹槽部分可设置两个传感检测单元,建立基于波长调制的双重Fano共振全电介质传感模型,设置不同的传感检测区域,发现双重Fano光谱曲线在不同传感检测区域内都能随着ns1和ns2变化,间接实现了对待测样本折射率的动态检测,因而可在同一传感结构模型中实现对不同待测样本折射率区间的多变量检测。结果表明,在传感检测单元A内,FR1和FR2的FOM值分别为631.53和463.7 RIU^(-1);在传感检测单元B内,FOM值分别为480.67和834.04 RIU^(-1)。所设计的传感结构模型通过结构参数优化,实现了传感结构的高反射率、高FOM值和较宽的检测范围,对双重Fano共振提供了理论参考,对待测样本折射率的多变量检测具有一定的研究价值。

基于TiO_(2)的近红外大数值孔径、高聚焦效率、高透射率会聚透镜

利用相位调控原理设计了一种基于TiO_(2)材料的具有非周期同心圆环形高折射率差亚波长光栅结构的会聚透镜,可实现大数值孔径、高聚焦效率、高透射率、低损耗特性,同时具有体积小、易集成的优点。采用时域有限差分法对提出的透镜结构进行仿真和分析,工作波长为850 nm时,该透镜透射率为90.5%,焦距约为10.4μm,焦斑的半高全宽为0.61μm。通过对仿真得到的数据进行分析,可得数值孔径为0.92,聚焦效率高达91.07%,损耗为0.41 dB,平衡了高数值孔径与高聚焦效率之间的矛盾,可在小器件直径下接近衍射极限实现点会聚效果。

基于微纳光纤双模式干涉的亚波长聚焦光场及光捕获应用

本文报道了一种基于微纳光纤中双模式干涉的亚波长聚焦方法.利用微纳光纤中两种特定导模在微纳光纤端面处的干涉效应,在微纳光纤端面出口处获得了具有单焦点或多焦点的聚焦光场,并可通过调节两个模式之间的相位差、功率比分别实现聚焦光场的焦深、焦斑相对强度调谐,从而实现对纳米颗粒可调谐的选择性捕获.根据聚焦光场中不同焦点处所对应的捕获刚度和势阱深度的不同,可以对不同大小的纳米颗粒实现分类.这种微型化全光纤的亚波长聚焦方法,将可应用于操纵纳米颗粒、超分辨率光学成像和纳米光刻等领域.

双束延时飞秒激光调控制备二维亚波长周期阵列结构

利用偏振垂直的双束延时蓝色飞秒激光(400 nm)经柱透镜聚焦扫描钼表面,获得了二维矩形周期排列的方形和(椭)圆形阵列结构,以及六边形周期排列的三角形阵列结构。最小结构尺寸和周期达到100 nm和280 nm。研究发现双束飞秒激光的能量密度和能量比是不同类型结构形成及形貌转化的关键参数。通过优化激光参数,实现了圆形和三角形阵列结构的大面积均匀制备。两种周期排布的阵列结构的形成与双束延时飞秒激光与材料作用的超快动力学过程之间的瞬态关联作用以及作用过程中表面等离激元波的共线和非共线激发密切相关。该二维周期阵列结构加工方法及理论可拓展至其它硬质金属和半导体硅表面。

Broadband filter using multi-layer sub-wavelength high-contrast grating structure

这份报纸用多层的亚波长建议了一个新奇宽带过滤器高对比的栅栏(HCG ) 结构。这个过滤器有宽带宽和好边带抑制。我们在过滤宽带过滤器的性能上模仿了并且分析层和不同栅栏索引的不同数字的效果。根据模仿的结果，我们设计了一个多层的 HCG 宽带过滤器，它有 843 nm 的带宽和 1550 nm 的中心波长。

表面修饰的亚波长金属Cu狭缝结构透射特性研究

为了深入研究表面修饰余弦凹槽的亚波长结构对太赫兹波透射特性的调控规律,提出一种表面修饰余弦凹槽的太赫兹亚波长金属Cu狭缝结构,基于时域有限差分法,对亚波长金属Cu狭缝结构的太赫兹波透射光谱特性进行模拟。仿真结果表明,通过改变金属Cu狭缝结构上下表面余弦凹槽的结构排布、数量、周期、深度及狭缝深度、宽度等参量,实现了对太赫兹波透射强度的调控。

基于亚波长金属条阵列结构的太赫兹多频吸收器

基于亚波长金属条阵列结构,设计了一种结构简单的超材料太赫兹多频吸收器。运用CST仿真软件研究了亚波长金属条阵列单元结构内金属条数量和尺寸对太赫兹吸收光谱特性的影响。在0.5~2.6 THz频谱范围内,单金属条阵列结构的吸收峰随金属条尺寸的增大,谐振频率有一定的红移。啁啾金属条阵列结构能够实现多频带吸收和一定程度的宽带吸收特性,这对研究太赫兹成像、检测和电磁隐身具有重要意义。

新型背光系统导光板技术

传统背光系统结构复杂,成本高等问题越来越引起广泛关注。国内外对新型导光板的研究有一定的进展,设计方法包括利用导光板表面结构控制光的出射方向,通过偏光效应增加导光板的光能利用效率或者采用性能更优越的新型材料等,以达到导光板一体化、轻薄化和低成本目的。文章就目前新型导光板技术进行了讨论,并对未来导光板的发展方向做出展望。

面形误差对亚波长金属光栅偏振器性能的影响

基于严格耦合波理论分析了光栅面形误差对亚波长金属光栅偏振器偏振性能的影响.通过对数值结果的分析发现,光栅圆角误差、光栅侧壁倾斜误差和光栅表面粗糙误差对光栅的TM透射效率影响不大,但它们使得光栅的消光比明显降低.因此,面形误差使得光栅的偏振性能明显降低.理论分析表明,顶角为直角、侧壁垂直和表面光滑的理想矩形光栅结构的偏振性能最好.

亚波长光栅的衍射效率

本文使用矢量衍射理论—严格的耦合波理论对亚波长光栅的衍射效率进行了数值计算,得到在不同光栅参数时亚波长光栅的衍射效率,对影响光栅衍射效率的各个光栅参数分别进行分析,讨论了光栅在光栅参数变化时的衍射特性,给出衍射效率随光栅各个参数的变化曲线。由结果可知亚波长光栅的衍射效率随光栅槽的深度以及光栅占空比有着规律性的变化,选取不同的光栅参数就可得到完全不同的衍射效率,这样就为设计出所需要的光栅滤波特性提供了制造依据。

亚波长金属光栅的表面等离子体激元共振特性

亚波长金属光栅在共振波长处有光场局域增强、异常透射等现象,为深入认识其共振机制,本文研究了亚波长金属光栅的表面等离子体激元(SPP)共振特性。通过研究不同金属光栅的几何结构以及金属介电常数对SPP共振波长的影响,获得了3种共振波长的基本物理机制。采用周期边界元法进行数值模拟,在边界积分方程的基础上结合平面波展开方法来处理任意形状的周期性结构。模拟结果表明,3种共振波长可以分别由金属的材料、金属光栅周期和金属光栅厚度所调谐。该研究为微纳米光学器件的设计提供了依据。

利用陷光结构增加硅薄膜太阳能电池的吸收效率

提出了一种含有光锥光子晶体防反射层和四棱锥光栅背反射层的a-Si薄膜太阳能电池结构,吸收层厚1μm,总厚度为1.45μm。根据光子晶体及亚波长光栅的衍射特性,利用严格耦合波方法对器件参数进行了优化。计算结果表明：当光锥结构倾角θ=72°、晶格常数T1=1 200 nm、介质底半径r=100 nm时,防反射层的透射率较高,在300-600 nm波长范围内,该薄膜太阳能电池的吸收效率比不含防反射层电池提高了11.54%;当四棱锥光栅结构周期L=1.2μm、占空比f=0.38、槽深h5=560 nm时,背反射层的反射效果较好,在600-850 nm波长范围内,电池的吸收效率提高了3.75%。所设计的薄膜电池结构在波长为300-750 nm、入射角为0°-75°范围内的吸收效率均在80%以上,平均吸收效率达92%,满足太阳电池对宽频谱、广角度的光俘获的要求。

二维微纳米结构表面反射特性的时域有限差分法模拟研究

亚波长微纳米结构表面具有优良的抗反射特性,本文以硅基太阳能电池响应光谱的300～1 200nm为应用基础,利用时域有限差分法计算了表面面形、结构参量的占空比、高度和周期以及光波入射角等对二维微纳米结构表面反射特性的影响,并结合等效介质理论进行了进一步理论分析,结果表明:等截面光栅结构的反射率较大,结构参量影响也较小;锥形渐变截面光栅结构的抗反射性能较好,且反射率随着占空比、结构高度的增大而显著下降;同时,光波在光栅法线的±40°范围内入射时,反射率均较小.通过对亚波长微纳米光栅结构的反射特性的模拟和分析,为抗反射表面的设计和制作提供了基础.

1×11亚波长结构Dammann光栅的研制

论文基于严格耦合波理论(Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis,RCWA),并采用遗传算法进行优化,设计并制作了一种具有高衍射效率的亚波长结构Dammann光栅。光栅的分束比为1×11,最小特征尺寸为0.95μm,衍射效率设计值达到95%,优于传统Dammann光栅约15%,且均匀性设计值小于2%。论文采用电子束光刻直写技术和反应离子刻蚀技术在石英基底上制作出亚波长结构图形。实验结果表明,电子束扫描曝光可以获得纳米级的图形分辨率。对石英基底的反应离子刻蚀中,射频功率、工作气压及气体流量均对刻蚀速率和栅线的表面形貌产生不同程度的影响,论文主要针对该问题进行了讨论。同时,论文也对电子束光刻直写过程中产生的线宽误差因素进行了分析。