AIM: To evaluate a new therapeutic approach that may permanently address excessive involuntary muscle activity which causes temporomandibular disorders(TMD). METHODS: A cohort of 69 TMD patients(33 men and 36 women, a...AIM: To evaluate a new therapeutic approach that may permanently address excessive involuntary muscle activity which causes temporomandibular disorders(TMD). METHODS: A cohort of 69 TMD patients(33 men and 36 women, age range 14-71 years) was treated with Subconscious Temporomandibular Dysfunction(STe Dy) therapy. A thick awareness splint assisted patients to gradually recognize the interdependence between psychological pressure and subconscious muscle activity. The STe Dy therapy lasted for one year and involved three stages:(1) data collection including medical history, clinical examination and psychological evaluation;(2) application of the awareness splint and consultation on a monthly basis; and(3) final evaluation.RESULTS: About 10% of patients(3 men and 4 women) quit the STe Dy therapy within the first 3-6 modue to severe health problems or psychosocial reasons. Based on the absence of objective and subjective clinical symptoms as well as on radiographic findings, the temporomandibular dysfunction treatment was successful in all remaining 62 patients that completed the year-long therapy. Symptoms, including recurrent headache, morning fatigue, clicking sound or painful temporomandibular joint disorders, were eliminated in all patients within the first six months. By completion of the STe Dy therapy, all patients had learned to recognize stressful conditions and cognitively avoided displaying excessive bruxism or other subconscious activity of the stomatognathic muscles. A follow-up after at least one year indicated the permanent nature of the cognitive treatment in all patients, illustrating the fact that subconscious muscle activity due to stress plays a principal role in the great majority of TMD, at least in adults.CONCLUSION: The STe Dy therapy successfully and permanently resolved TMD problems of all patients that completed the year-long treatment.展开更多
What is the difference between L1 acquisition and L2 acquisition？ How does knowing this help us as teachers of English to speakers of other languages？ Could we use this knowledge of the difference in class？ The art...What is the difference between L1 acquisition and L2 acquisition？ How does knowing this help us as teachers of English to speakers of other languages？ Could we use this knowledge of the difference in class？ The article tries to explore the difference and answer these questions.展开更多
This paper attempts to make a comparative study of Wieland,The Mysteries of Udolpho,and The Turn of the Screw,mainly from the perspective of Freudian psychoanalysis as well as other psychological devices commonly empl...This paper attempts to make a comparative study of Wieland,The Mysteries of Udolpho,and The Turn of the Screw,mainly from the perspective of Freudian psychoanalysis as well as other psychological devices commonly employed in gothic fic⁃tion.It aims to provide more insight into the art of their composition,and broaden readers’view as they are invited to an uncharted gothic realm.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate a new therapeutic approach that may permanently address excessive involuntary muscle activity which causes temporomandibular disorders(TMD). METHODS: A cohort of 69 TMD patients(33 men and 36 women, age range 14-71 years) was treated with Subconscious Temporomandibular Dysfunction(STe Dy) therapy. A thick awareness splint assisted patients to gradually recognize the interdependence between psychological pressure and subconscious muscle activity. The STe Dy therapy lasted for one year and involved three stages:(1) data collection including medical history, clinical examination and psychological evaluation;(2) application of the awareness splint and consultation on a monthly basis; and(3) final evaluation.RESULTS: About 10% of patients(3 men and 4 women) quit the STe Dy therapy within the first 3-6 modue to severe health problems or psychosocial reasons. Based on the absence of objective and subjective clinical symptoms as well as on radiographic findings, the temporomandibular dysfunction treatment was successful in all remaining 62 patients that completed the year-long therapy. Symptoms, including recurrent headache, morning fatigue, clicking sound or painful temporomandibular joint disorders, were eliminated in all patients within the first six months. By completion of the STe Dy therapy, all patients had learned to recognize stressful conditions and cognitively avoided displaying excessive bruxism or other subconscious activity of the stomatognathic muscles. A follow-up after at least one year indicated the permanent nature of the cognitive treatment in all patients, illustrating the fact that subconscious muscle activity due to stress plays a principal role in the great majority of TMD, at least in adults.CONCLUSION: The STe Dy therapy successfully and permanently resolved TMD problems of all patients that completed the year-long treatment.
文摘What is the difference between L1 acquisition and L2 acquisition？ How does knowing this help us as teachers of English to speakers of other languages？ Could we use this knowledge of the difference in class？ The article tries to explore the difference and answer these questions.
文摘This paper attempts to make a comparative study of Wieland,The Mysteries of Udolpho,and The Turn of the Screw,mainly from the perspective of Freudian psychoanalysis as well as other psychological devices commonly employed in gothic fic⁃tion.It aims to provide more insight into the art of their composition,and broaden readers’view as they are invited to an uncharted gothic realm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20497,62374033)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2021ZZ129)。
