Prevalence and Factors Associated with Violence among Primary and Secondary School Workers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: Violence is a major problem in today’s workplace. It affects workers in all sectors of activity. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with violence among primary and secondary school staff in Ouagadougou. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study that took place from April 22, 2020 to February 18, 2021 in primary and secondary schools in Ouagadougou. It focused on the educational staff of these establishments. Results: A total of 362 agents took part in the study. The average age of participants was 36.5 ± 6.89 years. The sex ratio was 1.62 men to one woman. The majority of workers were teachers, with 300 participants (82.87%). The average job tenure was 7 years ± 6.91 years. With regard to violence in the workplace, 87 workers were victims, representing a prevalence of 24.03%. Of these workers, 59 (67.81%) were men and 36 (41.38%) had less than six years’ experience. Acts of violence were predominantly pushing observed in 15 workers (50%), while shouting and aggressive tone dominated psychological violence and concerned 54 cases (36.24%). On univariate analysis, the factors associated with violence were age (p = 0.046) and type of establishment (p = 0.012). On multivariate analysis, only the nature of the establishment was the only factor associated with the occurrence of violence among teaching staff (OR = 2.3690, p = 0.0213). Conclusion: The prevalence of violence is high in these educational establishments. Age and type of establishment are factors associated with its occurrence. It is therefore necessary to develop an effective strategy for preventing this risk in the workplace.

Nonlinear Violence in Nonlinear Oscillations at High Energy

This paper focuses on the characteristics of solutions of nonlinear oscillatory systems in the limit of very high oscillation energy, E;specifically, systems, in which the nonlinear driving force grows with energy much faster for x(t) close to the turning point, a(E), than at any position, x(t), that is not too close to a(E). This behavior dominates important aspects of the solutions. It will be called “nonlinear violence”. In the vicinity of a turning point, the solution of a nonlinear oscillatory systems that is affected by nonlinear violence exhibits the characteristics of boundary-layer behavior (independently of whether the equation of motion of the system can or cannot be cast in the traditional form of a boundary-layer problem.): close to a(E), x(t) varies very rapidly over a short time interval (which vanishes for E → ∞). In traditional boundary layer systems this would be called the “inner” solution. Outside this interval, x(t) soon evolves into a moderate profile (e.g. linear in time, or constant)—the “outer” solution. In (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear energy-conserving oscillators, if the solution is reflection-invariant, nonlinear violence determines the characteristics of the whole solution. For large families of nonlinear oscillatory systems, as E → ∞, the solutions for x(t) tend to common, indistinguishable profiles, such as periodic saw-tooth profiles or step-functions. If such profiles are observed experimentally in high-energy oscillations, it may be difficult to decipher the dynamical equations that govern the motion. The solution of motion in a central field with a non-zero angular momentum exhibits extremely fast rotation around a turning point that is affected by nonlinear violence. This provides an example for the possibility of interesting phenomena in (1 + 2)-dimensional oscillatory systems.

Emergency Care for Children and Adolescents after Sexual Violence, in Brazil’s Capital, Brasilia

Objective: Sexual violence affects women of all ages but, more commonly, children and adolescents. This study aimed to identify the extent to which services are being provided at the hospitals responsible for the emergency care of children and adolescents who have suffered sexual violence and to determine whether there is any difference in the provision of such services as a function of the victim’s age. Method: This cross-sectional study investigated differences in the care received by female children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence in a capital city, comparing the treatment given to girls under 15 with that given to adolescents of 15 to 19 years of age. The data were extracted from the State Department of Health database between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2016. Results: Children under 15 were much less likely to receive prophylaxis against HIV, sexually transmitted infections and hepatitis B, with the number of adolescent girls treated adequately corresponding to between twice and almost three times the number of children treated prophylactically. Only 10% of girls under 15 received emergency contraception. Conclusion: The lack of standard care established by the Ministry of Health highlights the need for urgent debates both locally and probably throughout the country, as the situation may be similar in other regions of the country.

Expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizophrenia: Predictive value in the occurrence of violence

BACKGROUND Schizophrenic patients are prone to violence,frequent recurrence,and difficult to predict.Emotional and behavioral abnormalities during the onset of the disease,resulting in active myocardial enzyme spectrum.AIM To explored the expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizo-phrenia and its predictive value in the occurrence of violence.METHODS A total of 288 patients with schizophrenia in our hospital from February 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the research object,and 100 healthy people were selected as the control group.Participants’information,clinical data,and labo-ratory examination data were collected.According to Modified Overt Aggression Scale score,patients were further divided into the violent(123 cases)and non-violent group(165 cases).RESULTS The comparative analysis revealed significant differences in serum myocardial enzyme levels between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals.In the schizophrenia group,the violent and non-violent groups also exhibited different levels of serum myocardial enzymes.The levels of myocardial enzymes in the non-violent group were lower than those in the violent group,and the patients in the latter also displayed aggressive behavior in the past.CONCLUSION Previous aggressive behavior and the level of myocardial enzymes are of great significance for the diagnosis and prognosis analysis of violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia.By detecting changes in these indicators,we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of a patient’s condition and treatment.

Violence study of healthcare workers and systems in the Caribbean:ViSHWaS-Caribbean study

BACKGROUND Violence against healthcare workers(HCWs)in the Caribbean continues to prevail yet remains underreported.Our aim is to determine the cause,traits,and consequences of violence on HCWs in the Caribbean.AIM To determine the cause,traits,and consequences of violence on HCWs in the Caribbean.METHODS This research adopted an online cross-sectional survey approach,spanning over eight weeks(between June 6th and August 9th,2022).The survey was generated using Research Electronic Data Capture forms and followed a snowballing strategy to contact individuals using emails,social media,text messages,etc.Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables that influence violence,including gender,age,years of experience,institution type,and night shift frequency.RESULTS The survey was completed by 225 HCWs.Females comprised 61%.Over 51%of respondents belonged to the 21 to 35 age group.Dominica(n=61),Haiti(n=50),and Grenada(n=31)had the most responses.Most HCWs(49%)worked for government academic institutions,followed by community hospitals(23%).Medical students(32%),followed by attending physicians(22%),and others(16%)comprised the most common cadre of respondents.About 39%of the participants reported experiencing violence themselves,and 18%reported violence against colleague(s).Verbal violence(48%),emotional abuse(24%),and physical misconduct(14%)were the most common types of violence.Nearly 63%of respondents identified patients or their relatives as the most frequent aggressors.Univariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that female gender(OR=2.08;95%CI:1.16-3.76,P=0.014)and higher frequency of night shifts(OR=2.22;95%CI:1.08-4.58,P=0.030)were associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing violence.More than 50%of HCWs felt less motivated and had decreased job satisfaction post-violent conduct.CONCLUSION A large proportion of HCWS in the Caribbean are exposed to violence,yet the phenomenon remains underreported.As a result,HCWs’job satisfaction has diminished.

Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence among Sex Workers in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR)

Background: Violence against women has become an international public health and human rights issue in recent decades. The violence suffered by sex workers is of little interest for research, yet it constitutes a major health and safety problem. We propose to assess the extent of the phenomenon of gender-based violence (GBV) among sex workers (SWs) in the city of Bangui in the CAR. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study covering the period from July to October 2021 carried out among SWs in Bangui, the capital of the CAR. Given that the SWs association had only 159 members in Bangui, an exhaustive sampling was retained. Were included in the study, any SW present during the data collection period and having given their written consent. The parameters studied were socio-demographic characteristics: age, sex, residence, level of education, marital status, and characteristics linked to violence: the notion of violence during their professional activity, the type of violence, the declaration and the declaration if necessary, the response and management of this violence. The data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. Results: Of the 159 SWs that counted the association, 108 had been included. The average age was 27.0 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. The age groups of 25 to 34 years were the most represented (43.5%). Fifty-six SWs (51.9%) had reached the secondary level. Unemployed SWs were in the majority at 74.1%;Sixty-six (66) SWs in our sample (61.1%) had already been victims of violence during the exercise of their activity Sexual violence was the most represented (28.5%) followed by verbal violence (22.4%). Sixty-eight (62.9%) wanted to stop the professional activity of SWs and 93.1% would accept another income-generating activity in place of sex work. Conclusion: It is necessary to supervise SWs and protect them within the framework of respect for human rights, rather than criminalizing them and the exploiters flouting their human dignity and putting their lives in danger. .

Frequency and Factors Associated with Gender-Based Violence in the Northern Region of Benin from 2016 to 2022

Introduction: Gender-based violence constitutes a public health problem. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and factors associated with gender-based violence. Study Framework and Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical aim over the period from January 2016 to December 2022. The study took place in the Integrated Support Center for Victims and Survivors of Gender-Based Violence located in the Departmental University Hospital Center of Borgou and Alibori. The study population consisted of people who were victims of gender-based violence in the northern region of Benin, regardless of their age and gender. Results: The study population consisted of 1198 subjects. The average age of the victims was 21.76 ± 10.02;female victims represented 96.4%, with a sex ratio equal to 0.037 (43/1155). Sexual violence was the most represented (50.25%), followed by psychological (29.30%), physical (24.37%), economic (13.77%) and property (2%). The factors associated with violence were married people and monthly income (physical violence), minors, female gender and single people (sexual violence), polygamous households and monthly income (economic violence), the absence of children burden, married people and monthly income (psychological violence), married people (property violence). Conclusion: Gender-based violence is frequent in the North of Benin and is dominated by sexual violence. The victims are mainly female.

Impact of Behavioral Health Training to Public Health Assistant Working in an Acute Psychiatric Setting in Reducing Patient-Led Workplace Violence

Workplace violence in healthcare settings is increasing worldwide. The risk of verbal and physical aggression towards healthcare workers is especially higher in psychiatry emergency settings. Public safety assistants are integral members of the psychiatry emergency department, who are frequently first responders to those with mental health issues. There is limited evidence discussing the patient-led workplace violence faced by public safety assistants. The purpose of this project is to explore the prevalence of physical and verbal patient-led violence faced by Public Safety Assistants (PSAs) working in psychiatry emergency settings and explore the impact of basic behavioral health education on PSAs in reducing patient-led workplace violence.

Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Quality of Life among Females Attending the HIV Clinic of a Teaching Hospital in North Central, Nigeria

Background: Intimate partner violence is a serious public health concern worldwide and is linked with serious mental and physical health consequences. Despite its commonality and attendant consequences, proper public healthcare intervention is rudimentary. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between quality of life associated with intimate partner violence among females attending the HIV Clinic at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design and data was collected from 174 female patients attending the HIV Clinic who met the inclusion criteria with the aid of a 73-item semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. This captured socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude towards intimate partner violence and their experiences of violence and quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: Almost half of the respondents, 85 (48.9%) rated their quality of life as good. Respondents experiencing IPV reported poorer quality of life compared to those not experiencing partner violence in all the domains and it was statistically significant in the physical health (p Conclusion: IPV is common among females attending the HIV/AIDS Clinic and those affected reported significantly poorer quality of life.

Perpetrators of Sexual Violence against Minors in Casamance (Senegal)

Introduction: The causes of sexual delinquency against children are multifactorial and the motivations that drive the perpetrators of sexual assault are diverse. Nowadays, there is still no consensus on a single portrait of child sex offenders and studies that focus on sex offenders are still rare in Senegal and Africa. Objectives: To determine the profile of the perpetrators and to identify the circumstances of sexual violence against minors in Casamance. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive and analytical study from April 1, 2014 to October 31, 2019 was conducted. The study population was made up of perpetrators of sexual violence against minors whose legal proceedings were dealt with at the Ziguinchor High Court. The data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and then analyzed using Epi InfoTM 7 software. Results: A total of 106 cases of sexual violence against minors were collected for 113 aggressors and 106 victims. Rape accounted for 66.03% of sexual violence. Male aggressors were 98.23%. Female victims accounted for 95.28%. The average age of the attackers was 32.52 years (±13.68). Offenders over the age of 35 committed the most rape (p = 0.043). The average age of the victims was 12.62 years (±3.42). Victims aged ten and over (p = 0.015) and who had a low level of education (p = 0.016) were more exposed to rape. The assault took place during the day (65.71%) and at the home of the aggressor (62.26%). Victims knew their attackers (84.47%). Victims were assaulted more than once by the same assailant (40.57%). Those aged 10 years and over (p = 0.0037) and who knew their attackers (p = 0.014) were more at risk of being repeatedly sexually abused. Conclusion: In Senegal, sexual violence against minors is perpetrated by young adult men, single, with little or no education and exercising low-income professions. Rape is the type of aggression preferred by perpetrators, most of whom were known to their victims. The policy to fight sexual violence against children must integrate sex education at school and community level, public awareness, monitoring of child sex offenders and possibly, their medico-psychological care.

Sexual Violence in the Zinder Region, about 441 Cases in Reference Motherhoods

Background: Niger is one of the countries that have the highest fertility rate in the world, with 7, 6 children per woman. Zinder is the most populated region of Niger with 5 million inhabitants that is 1/5 of Niger population. The demographic impact that has affected Niger the last 10 years: unemployment poverty and drug use, spawned violence of all kinds in Zinder region (physical and sexual violence). Sexual abuse is a major risk for poor psychiatric and physical outcomes. As sexual violence has serious consequences on the life and future of women and the community and it concerns our field of intervention, we initiated this study whose objective was to determine the socio-epidemiological and lesional aspects, the consequences and appropriate solutions of sexual violence in the Zinder. Methodology: This was a retrospective collection study of all cases of alleged sexual violence received over a 12-year period from 1 January 2009 to 30 June 2021 in Zinder’s referral maternity wards. Results: During the study period, 441 cases of sexual violence were collected;an annual average of 36 cases (441/12). The frequency is 1.29% on the 34,186 consultations. The mean age was 12.31 years with age extremes of 3 to 43 years. Students accounted for 25.39%. Street vendors were found in 224 cases or 50.79%. The predominant reason for admission is rape in 64.63%. The defloration was 52.15%. Pregnancy was found in 118 cases or 26.75%. HIV serology was positive in 1 victim. School dropout was 26.75%. Conclusion: The victims of sexual violence were minors, mostly street vendors and school children. The lack of means of repression at the time allowed the expansion of this violence. The consequences of sexual violence were severe. Advocacy has improved the phenomen on of sexual violence in Zinder.

Latent Growth Mixture Modeling to Estimate Differential PTSD Trajectories and Associated Risk Factors in Psychiatric Staff Following Workplace Violence

Background: Workplace violence (WV) towards psychiatric staff has commonly been associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, prospective studies have shown that not all psychiatric staff who experience workplace violence experience post-traumatic stress. Purpose: We want to examine the longitudinal trajectories of PTSD in this population to identify possible subgroups that might be more at risk. Furthermore, we need to investigate whether certain risk factors of PTSD might identify membership in the subgroups. Method: In a sample of psychiatric staff from 18 psychiatric wards in Denmark who had reported an incident of WV, we used Latent Growth Mixture Modelling (LGMM) and further logistic regression analysis to investigate this. Results: We found three separate PTSD trajectories: a recovering, a delayed-onset, and a moderate-stable trajectory. Higher social support and negative cognitive appraisals about oneself, the world and self-blame predicted membership in the delayed-onset trajectory, while higher social support and lower accept coping predicted membership in the delayed-onset trajectory. Conclusion: Although most psychiatric staff go through a natural recovery, it is important to be aware of and identify staff members who might be struggling long-term. More focus on the factors that might predict these groups should be an important task for psychiatric departments to prevent posttraumatic symptomatology from work.

A Review of Index Case Testing Induced Intimate Partner Violence and Electronic Management of Information in HIV Care

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a form of Gender Base Violence (GBV) where an intimate partner perpetrates violence. In the HIV care continua which has the aim of achieving epidemic control based on the goals defined by UNAIDS, 95% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) have to know their HIV status, 95% initiated ARV treatment and 95% are virally suppressed in order to achieve epidemic control. One of the evidence-based strategies used for achieving an optimal number of PLHIV who know their HIV status is the Index Case Testing Strategy (ICT). While the ICT strategy helps the achievement of epidemic control, its implementation increases the incidence of IPV among either serodiscordant or concordant couples. Tackling information about IPV is very sensitive. A review of the literature on the management of HIV patient information has shown that shifting from paper-based management of HIV patient information to computerized Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems, using software such as OPEN MRS has significantly improved the management of HIV patient information with high-level confidentiality of patient information. The reviews showed that the EMR systems put in place to manage HIV patient information need to integrate the stages used for the management of IPV among PLHIV.

An Efficient Violence Detection Method Based on Temporal Attention Mechanism

Violence detection is very important for public safety.However,violence detection is not an easy task.Because recognizing violence in surveillance video requires not only spatial information but also sufficient temporal information.In order to highlight the time information,we propose an efficient deep learning architecture for violence detection based on temporal attention mechanism,which utilizes pre-trained MobileNetV3,convolutional LSTM and temporal attention block Temporal Adaptive(TA).TA block can focus on further refining temporal information from spatial information extracted from backbone.Experimental results show the proposed model is validated on three publicly datasets:Hockey Fight,Movies,and RWF-2000 datasets.

Violence in Online Games:How Does It Affect Teenagers in China?

Nowadays many teenagers play online games.Too much violence in online games deeply affects the teenagers' life,makes them act in a violent manner.Actions should be brought for change to protest.

The Violence Factors in American Culture

Violence symbolized the dark side of America culture. The theme of this article is to explore the causes of the violence factors in American culture. American violence exists as a result of a complex network of elements from American history, American value, various social factors such as economic inequality, racial discrimination, mass media, wide spread of guns as well as drug abuse. Besides, the governmental policy plays an essential role in American violence to some extent.

KAP Survey of Turkish University Students on Sexuality,reproductive Health,Drug Addiction and Violence

Objective To investigate the attitudes, behaviours and reflections of the university students, on sexuality, reproductive health, violence, smoking, alcohol and drug use, and to find out their expectations from a youth health service. Methods A total of 5 300 students （1 880 girls, 3 420 boys）from various Jaculties of Kyrykkale University were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Students completed the self-administered questionnaire as one of the researchers was present at the classroom. Research monitors five categories of priority health-risk behaviours among youth and young adults. Results Mean age of 3 420 male （64.5%） and 1 880female （35.5%） students were 20.3 years. Among all 4 380 （82,9%） students [1 350 girls （71.8%）, 3 030 boys （88.5%）] had some kinds of information about sexuality, however this dropped to 2 730 students （51.5%） within the context of adequacy. Friends were the major source （34%） for the first information on sexuality. Using a condom was the mostly heard method of contraception （46.9%） and interestingly 1.1% of the students had no knowledge on any of the protection methods. Among all 25.3% of the students （33.0% boys, 11.4% girls） had some kind of sexual intercourse, and within this group 58.8% experienced his/her first sexual relationship at 18 years of age and over; 53.9% were protected in all intercourses. Using a condom was the main way of protection for boys （63.7%） and pills were for the girls （73.9%）. None of the female students mentioned having an abortion but 8% had friends who had undergone abortion. Tobacco use was 35.1% among the group, and 8. 7% of the male and 3.6% of the female students were using drugs. Although 67. 4% students claimed they never witnessed violence between their parents, 43.2% witnessed violence among their siblings, 67.0% beween friends, 72.6% in the streets and 64.2% in the school. About 30.0% of the students reported having weight problems, and 14.7% admitted visiting a doctor for that problem. If there would be a service providedfor the adolescents in the university, 67% of the students would attend in case of a problem. Past experiences were important for us and we saw that among all 8% of the participants had some kind of sexual problem, within this group 50.7% felt uncomfortable during the visit and only 60.4% were satisfied with the care of the physician. Conclusion Our study results show the current situation of adolescents in Kyrykkale University and will be used to improve policies and programs to reduce priority healthrisk behaviours among youth of our and surrounding provinces and establish a youth friendly service in Kyrykkale University within this purposes.

Exploring the Feasibility of Text Messaging Intervention in Intimate Partner Violence

Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is defined as controlling, abusive, and aggressive behavior in a romantic relationship. Women between the ages 16 and 24 experience the highest rate of IPV. IPV costs US society at least $13.6 billion annually and is expected to rise to $15.6 billion by 2021. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of Text Messaging Intervention (TMI) in recognizing, responding and preventing IPV among college students. The research questions are: Will TMI 1) improve participant knowledge of warning signs of IPV? (Knowledge) and 2) improve participant confidence to intervene in IPV? (Confidence). Methods: A mixed methods design in data collection and data analysis was used. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to analyze quantitative data from the pre and post TMI survey. Results of the qualitative data analysis are included verbatim. Results: Results showed that knowledge level pre to post test increased from 2.00 ± 1.00 to 2.7 ± 0.48 (p < 0.001) and confidence level pre to post test increased from 2.89 ± 0.60 to 3.30 ± 0.68 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Further research is needed in evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of IPV prevention programs that uses mobile devices to create the best optimal health outcomes.

Frequency and barriers of reporting workplace violence in nurses:An online survey in China

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the reporting of workplace violence against nurses and the reasons why they did not reported.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire regarding workplace violence and reporting was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey on nurses who submitted a manuscript to a Chinese nursing journal from 2016 to 2017.A total of 324 nurses agreed to participate in this study and 266 participants from 165 hospitals in 72 cities returned questionnaires.Results:A total of 172 nurses(64.7%)experienced violent incidents during the past year.Of these incidents,45.5%were reported;and the reporting rate of physical assaults(69.0%)was higher than those of verbal abuse(36.9%),threatening behavior(51.7%),and sexual harassment(60.0%).Formal reporting accounted for 25.4%(15.4%in written form and 10.0%through a computer-assisted reporting system).Almost half of the nurses(49.6%)stated that the hospital had no reporting system or they were uncertain about the reporting system.For reasons of not reporting,51.9%of the nurses were unware of how and what types of violence to report,and 50.6%of the nurses believed that the hospital paid greater attention to patients rather than staff.Conclusions:A clear definition of workplace violence and reporting procedures,establishment of a facile system for reporting,and supervisory support following a reporting are urgently required.

Prevention of violence risk and interventions of Chinese and western medicine nursing on emotion

Accumulation of bad emotion with patients and their relations added violence risk.Workplace violence of nursing is an acute injury to nurse,and long-term threats and challenges to their physical and mental health and professional values. It also has an potential problem on parties negotiate the settlement of medical disputes,as well as boosting reform of national health system.Identifying and managing patients' emotion has positive impact on doubts and resentments elimination,anger escalation avoidance,violence prevention. This study proposed emotional intervention program in terms of traditional Chinese medicine and modern nursing care,which based on introducing the research status on nursing workplace violence. The purpose is to culture the ability of patients' self-identification and emotions regulation,take effective protective measure. The research provides the reference on perfecting the medical security system and related policy research.