NON-EMPTY CROSS-2-INTERSECTING FAMILIES OF SUBSETS

Let Cnk denote the set of all t -subsets of an n -set. Assume A ∈ Cnk and B∈Cn.b (A,B) is called a cross-2-intersecting family if |A∩B|≥2 for any A∈A, B∈B.In this paper, the best upper bounds of the cardinalities for non-empty cross-2-intersecting families of a- and i- subsets are obtained for some n and b . A new proof for a Frankl-Tokushige theorem [6] is also given.

Effects of Radiofrequency Ablation on Lymphocyte Subsets and Type 1/Type 2 T Cell Subpopulations in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective： To evaluate whether radiofrequency ablation （RFA） might have an influence on immune status in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients. Methods： We measured the T lymphocytes, B lymphocyte and NK cells, and determined the population of Thl, Th2, Tcl and Tc2 of peripheral blood samples taken from 26 HCC patients before and after RFA. Results： The proportion of Typel cells （Thl and Tcl） and NK cells were significantly increased after RFA, especially in patients of the following subgroups： male, age〉55 years, pathological grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ tumor, clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ or Child-Pugh A and B. Conclusion： TypeⅠ cells and NK cells in HCC patients were increased in a short period after RFA.

Lymphocyte Subsets and Sister-chromatid Exchanges in the Students Exposed to Formaldehyde Vapor

The present report evaluates the effects of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on peripheral lymphocytes by using heth genetic and immunological parameters. Twenty-three non-smoking students in the study had inhalation exposure to 0.508 ±0. 299 mg/m3 of FA for a Period of 8 weeks (3h × 3 times each week) during anatomy classes. As for composition of lymphocyte subsets after FA exposare,significant increase was found in the percentage of CD19(B cells), while sighficant decrease was observed in CD3(total T cells), CD4(T helper-inducer cells), and CD8(T cytotoxic-suppressior cells) with a P<0 .01. Increase in the ratio of T-helper-inducer cells to T-cytotoxic-suppressor cells (T4 / T8) was also observed with statistical sighcance after exposure (P < 0.001). In the meanwhile,no significant difference (P > 0 .05) was reported between lymphocyte prolifendion rate and sisterchromatid exchange (SCE) at the exposure level and duration. It is suggested that the lymphocyte subsets may be most susceptible to the effects of FA, though a single immunological endpoint is rarely related with pathophysiological interpretation.

Changes in T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury

BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.

Lymphocyte subsets in alcoholic liver disease

AIM:To compare lymphocyte subsets between healthy controls and alcoholics with liver disease.METHODS:The patient cohort for this study included individuals who were suspected to have alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and who had undergone liver biopsy(for disease grading and staging,doubts about diagnosis,or concurrent liver disease;n = 56).Normal controls included patients who were admitted for elective cholecystectomy due to non-complicated gallstones(n = 27).Formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Perls' Prussian blue.The non-alcoholic steatohepatitis score was used to assess markers of ALD.Lymphocyte population subsets were determined by flow cytometry.T lymphocytes were identified(CD3+),and then further subdivided into CD4+ or CD8+ populations.B lymphocytes(CD19+) and natural killer(NK) cell numbers were also measured.In addition to assessing lymphocyte subpopulation differences between ALD patients and controls,we also compared subsets of alcoholic patients without cirrhosis or abstinent cirrhotic patients to normal controls.RESULTS:The patient cohort primarily consisted of older men.Active alcoholism was present in 66.1%.Reported average daily alcohol intake was 164.9 g and the average lifetime cumulative intake was 2211.6 kg.Cirrhosis was present in 39.3% of the patients and 66.1% had significant fibrosis(perisinusoidal and portal/periportal fibrosis,bridging fibrosis,or cirrhosis) in their liver samples.The average Mayo end-stage liver disease score was 7.6.No hereditary hemochromatosis genotypes were found.ALD patients(n = 56) presented with significant lymphopenia(1.5 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P < 0.0001),due to a decrease in all lymphocyte subpopulations,except for NK lymphocytes:CD3+(1013.0 ± 406.2/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),CD4+(713.5 ± 284.7/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P < 0.0001),CD8+(262.3 ± 140.4/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),and CD19+(120.6 ± 76.1/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P < 0.0001).CD8+ lymphocytes suffered the greatest reduction,as evidenced by an increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio(3.1 ± 1.3 vs 2.3 ± 0.9,P = 0.013).This ratio was associated with the stage of fibrosis on liver biopsy(rs = 0.342,P = 0.01) and with Child-Pugh score(rs = 0.482,P = 0.02).The number of CD8+ lymphocytes also had a positive association with serum ferritin levels(rs = 0.345,P = 0.009).Considering only patients with active alcoholism but not cirrhosis(n = 27),we found similar reductions in total lymphocyte counts(1.8 × 109/L ± 0.3 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P = 0.018),and in populations of CD3+(1164.7 ± 376.6/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P = 0.001),CD4+(759.8 ± 265.0/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P = 0.003),CD8+(330.9 ± 156.3/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P = 0.002),and CD19+(108.8 ± 64.2/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P < 0.0001).In these patients,the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the number of NK lymphocytes was not significantly different,compared to controls.Comparing patients with liver cirrhosis but without active alcohol consumption(n = 11),we also found significant lymphopenia(1.3 × 109/L ± 0.6 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P < 0.0001) and decreases in populations of CD3+(945.5 ± 547.4/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P = 0.003),CD4+(745.2 ± 389.0/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P = 0.032),CD8+(233.9 ± 120.0/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),and CD19+(150.8 ± 76.1/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P = 0.001).The NK lymphocyte count was not significantly different,but,in this group,there was a significant increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio(3.5 ± 1.3 vs 2.3 ± 0.9,P = 0.01).CONCLUSION:All patient subsets presented with decreased lymphocyte counts,but only patients with advanced fibrosis presented with a significant increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio.

The Effectof BCG-PSN on T-cell Subsets and Cytokines in Vernal Conjunctiviti

The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic instrument in vitro . The content of T cell subsets of peripheral blood and cytokine were determined by using indirect immune fluorescence method, and IL 4 and INF γ were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that the level of total IgE was substantially reduced ( P <0.01) after treatment in the BCG PSN group. Meanwhile, CD + 8 was decreased, CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio elevated with significant differences ( P <0.05) as compared with pre treatment results. The changes in total IgE, CD + 8 ,CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio after treatment also presented significant differences ( P <0.05) between BCG PSN group and routine treatment group. The level of IL 4 in serum declined ( P <0.05) after treatment in the BCG PSN group, and INF γ went up ( P <0 05). IL 4 and INF γ in serum showed significant differences ( P <0.05) between two groups after treatment. It is concluded that BCG PSN has a bi directional immunoregulating effect. It can bring CD + 4 and CD + 8 into homeostasis, thereby preventing the occurrence of anaphylaxis. At the same time, BCG PSN can restrain Th 2, decrease the synthesis of IL 4, switch the balance of Th l/Th 2 to Th 1 side, boost up the predominance of Th 1 relatively, which is propitious to perennial stabilization and recovery of vernal conjunctivitis.

Dynamic analysis of lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood in patients with acute self-limited hepatitis B

Purpose: To investigate dynamic changes and significance of lymphocyte subsets (T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells and T cell subsets) of peripheral blood in patients with acute self-limited hepatitis B (AHB). Methods: Immune cells of peripheral blood were compared among 17 cases of self-limited acute hepatitis B patients, 36 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 32 healthy controls by flow cytometry (FCM). CD4+/CD8+ was monitored dynamically, meanwhile relations between T lymphocyte subsets and ALT and clearance of HBV DNA were explored. Results: Dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets were found in AHB, the level of CD3+T cells was significantly higher compared to CHB group and healthy control group. Frequencies of CD3+CD4+ T cells in the third and fourth week and CD4+/CD8+ in the second week were higher compared to other groups. Frequ- ency of NK cells was low and was significantly lower compared to other groups in the third week specially. It was showed that CD4+/CD8+ was low followed by high abnormal ALT during early stage by dynamic monitoring of CD4+/CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ was increasing accompanied by normal ALT set by set, but CD4+/CD8+ had no significant relation to ALT and HBV DNA. Conclusion: Immune status of AHB, compared to CHB and healthy controls, was significantly different and dynamic changes of lymphocyte sub- sets may be related to progress of disease.

Effects of Intraoperative Administration of Dexmedetomidine on the Percentage of T-Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Study Objective: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of perioperative patients with colorectal cancer. Design: A random double-blind control clinical study. Setting: A university hospital. Patients: Forty patients with colorectal cancer, ASA I-П. Interventions: All patients were randomly divided into a DEX group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). Before induction of anesthesia, epidural catheters were placed in the L1-L2 or T12-L1 intervertebral spaces. The DEX group received 1 μg/kg of DEX (200 μg/50 ml) intravenously for 15 min prior to the surgery, which was then infused at a rate of 0.5 μg/kg/h until 30 min before the end of the surgery. The control group received an intravenous infusion of saline (50 ml) instead of DEX during the same periods as the DEX group. All patients received routine anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Measurements: Blood samples from all patients were collected at the following time points: before anesthesia (T0), 24 h after surgery (T1), 48 h after surgery (T2) and 72 h after surgery (T3). Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) and NK cells were determined by flow cytometry. Main Results: Compared with the control group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the DEX group increased significantly from T1 to T3

Observation of T Lymphocyte Subsets in the Liver of Patients with Advanced Schistosomiasis and Advanced Schistosomiasis Accompanied with Hepatitis B

T lymphocyte subsets in the liver were detected by Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC) assay in 22 patients with advanced schistosomiasis (AS) and 5 cases of AS accompanied with hepatitis B. T lymphocytes in the liver of AS patients were distributed in the peripheral layer of egg granuloma or the area near eggs in non-granuloma. No infiltrative T lymphocytes were observed in area with extensive fibrosis. There was infiltration of many T cells in the portal tract, piecemeal and focal necro- sis area as well as in hepatic sinus in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B. CD8+ T cells (sup pressor/cytotoxic T cells, Ts/Tc) in the liver were predominant in the two groups. In AS patients, marked hepatic fibrosis, a small number of T cell infiltration and slight hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis were observed. However, obvious hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis were seen in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B, and 3 cases of them developed active liver cirrhosis. The results indicated immune response was weak in the liver in AS patients and T. cells might be predominant in the subset of CDS+ T lymphocytes. Cellular immune response was relatively strong in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B and the infiltrative CD8+ T lymphocytes might be mainly Tc cells.

Therapeutic Effect of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on 51 SARS Patients and Its Influence on Their TLymphocyte Subsets

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of integrative Chinese a nd western medicine (ICWM) in treatment of patients with severe acute respirator y syndrome (SARS) and its influence on their T lymphocyte subsets.Methods: Fifty one patients with SARS of severe type were obser ved with synchronous non randomized controlled method. They were divided into the ICWM group (29 patients) and the western medicine (WM) group (22 patients). Western medical treatment was applied to both groups, but to the ICWM group, Ch inese medicine was given additionally. The therapeutic course was 2-3 weeks for both groups. Clinical effect and changes of T lymphocyte subsets (CD4 +) aft er treatment were observed.Results: In the ICWM group, 26 patients (89.66%) were cured and 3 (10.34%) died, while in the WM group, 12 (54.55%) cur ed and 10 (45.45%) died, thus comparison of the cure rate between the two groups showing significant difference ( P <0.01). The score of clinical symptoms in the ICWM group was decreased from 7.14±5.20 scores before treatment to 1.82±3. 75 scores after treatment, while in the WM group, it lowered from 7.36±3.84 sco res before treatment to 5.17±4.17 scores after treatment, significant diffe rence shown in the comparison of the values between the two groups after treatme nt (P<0.01). Immunological function test showed that CD4 + T lymphocyte in the ICWM group rose from 361±278 cells/mm 3 before treatment to 630±454 c ells/mm 3 after treatment, showing significant difference( P <0.01 );bu t in the WM group, it merely rose from 288±186 cells/mm 3 to 376±285 cells/mm 3 in the corresponding period (P>0.05). Conclusion: ICWM could improve the clinical symptoms of SARS pa tients markedly, enhance their T lymphocyte immune function, and reduce their mortality.

Effects of TSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy on Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Objective:To study the effects of TSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy on Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Methods: A total of 100 patients with DTC in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=50) and the treatment group (n=50) randomly. The control group was treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, the treatment group was treated with levothyroxine sodium oral therapy, the two groups were treated for 1 week. The serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R and peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results:There were no significant differences of the serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R of the two groups before treatment. The serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group. There were no significantly differences of the peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ of the two groups before treatment. The peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ of the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment, the peripheral blood CD8+ of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly better than the control group.Conclusion:TSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy for patients with DTC can reduce the serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R levels, improve the cellular immunity function, and it was worthy clinical application.

Effects of Huaiqihuang Granule on immunoglobulin, T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in children with cough variant asthma

Objective:To observe the effect of Huaiqihuang granule on immunoglobulin, T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in children with cough variant asthma (CVA). Methods:80 cases of children with CVA were enrolled in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2016, and were randomly divided into study group and control group. Two groups were both given salbutamol aerosol powder. On this basis, the control group was given Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets, while the study group was treated with Huaiqihuang granules. The interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), IgA, IgG and IgE levels and CD4+, CD8+T lymphocyte ratio analyze in children after 3 months of treatment. Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). Both IgA and IgG were significantly higher in the two groups after treatment, while IgE was significantly lower (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the IgA and IgG in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while IgE was significantly lower (P<0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the proportion of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group, and the CD8+ratio increased more significantly (P<0.05). After treatment, IL-4 decreased significantly, while IFN-γand IFN-γ/IL-4 were significantly increased (P<0.05), IL-4 level of the study group decreased significantly compared with the control group, and IFN-γincreased significantly compared with the control group, and the level of IFN-γ/IL-4 after treatment was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Huaiqihuang granule can improve humoral immunity and cellular immunity of children with CVA, and can adjust the immune cells balance of Th1/Th2, and improve the immune function and prognosis of children with CVA.

Effect of epidural block combined intravenous general anesthesia stress on the stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effect of epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia on stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer of 88 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group of 44 cases, 2 patients underwent routine preoperative preparation, and routine blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, ECG monitoring, control group with intravenous anesthesia. The observation group was treated with epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia. 2 groups of patients before anesthesia, 30 MIM (T0), 1 h after skin incision (T1), 4 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 48 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood were measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), cortisol (Cor), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), the calculation of CD4+/CD8+ value. Results: the serum IL-8 level of T1, T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, were lower than at T0, and the control group at each time point had no significant difference, T1, T2, T3group, T4IL-8 levels lower than the control group;the 2 groups of serum IFN-γ levels T1 and T2had no significant change, T3and T4increased gradually, was higher than that of T0, but no significant difference between the 2 groups of IFN-γ levels. 2 serum Cor levels peaked at T1, decreased at T2, was higher than that of T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2Cor level lower than the control group;the serum PRL levels of 2 groups reached a peak at T1, T2, T3at the time of T4decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, T1, T2, T3of the observation group at the PRL level is lower than the control group;the serum level of GH 2 in group T1increased gradually, reached a peak at T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, the observation group T1, T2, T3, T4, GH levels lower than the control group. 2 groups of CD3+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD3+ was higher than the control group;group CD4+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, T3and T4were lower than control, T0when, and the observation group CD4+ in T1, T2, T3, T4, no significant changes were observed in group T1, T2, T3, T4and CD4+ higher than that of the control group;the 2 group CD8+ had no obvious changes in T1, T2, T3, T4;observation group CD4+/CD8+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD4+/CD8+ was higher than the control group. Conclusion: epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia for breast cancer radical mastectomy can effectively relieve the stress and inflammatory reaction, alleviate the immunosuppression, and help to restore the postoperative immune function.

Effect on T cell subsets and function of isletβ cells of levemir combined with acarbose in elder patients with early-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To discuss the effect of the combined therapy of levemir and acarbose on T cell subsets and function of isletβ cells in elder patients with early-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods:According to the number parity of entry sequence, 100 cases of elder patients with early-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are divided into the control group and the observation group of 50 cases. The control group was treated with novolin and acarbose, the observation group was given subcutaneous injection of levemir and acarbose treatment. Compare the T cell subsets and function of isletβ cells in two group of patients before the treatment (T0), treatment for 4 weeks (T1) ,treatment for 8 weeks (T2).Results:(1) The levels of T0, T1, T2CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ were increased in both groups, and CD8+ decreased. Among them, the levels of T1, T2CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ of the observation group were obviously higher than the control group, the level of CD8+ was lowly than the control group, the difference was statistically significant;(2) In the stage of T0, T1, T2, the levels of FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR were showed a downward trend, the levels of FIns, HOMA-B were increased. In these two groups, the levels of T1, T2FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR of the observation group were lower than the control group, and the levels of FIns, HOMA-B were higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant;(3) In the control group occurred 3 cases of hypoglycemia, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 6%. However, in the observation group no occurred adverse reactions, the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions:The combined therapy of levemir and acarbose in elder patients with early-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, It helps to improve immune function, protect the isletβ-cell function.

Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors and T lymphocyte subsets in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors and T lymphocyte subsets in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Methods: from June 2016 to June 2017 in our hospital for laparoscopic surgery of 120 cases of elderly patients, were randomly divided into A group, B group, C group, D group of 30 cases, all patients underwent intravenous inhalational anesthesia, A, B, C in three groups were given dexmedetomidine before induction of anesthesia. Fixed loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg, after intubation respectively with dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/(kg.h), 0.5 μg/(kg.h), 0.8 μg/(kg.h) after continuous infusion to surgery, D group at the same time with the same volume of physiological saline. Before induction of anesthesia (T0), 24 h after operation (T1), 72 h after operation (T2) of venous blood interleukin-1 were measured beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin -2 receptor (sIL-2R) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, D8+).Results: the T1 of the 4 groups of sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and T0 levels were significantly higher than, and A group, B group and C group than in D group, B group and C group than in A group, B group and C group had no significant difference;group IL-1, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-beta and alpha level of T1 decreased significantly, and A group, B group and C group than in D group, B group and C group than in A group, B group and C group had no significant difference. T1 of the 4 groups of CD3+, CD4+, D8+, CD4+/CD8+ and T0 decreased significantly, and A group, B group and C group than in D group, B group and C group than in A group, B group and C group had no significant difference;T2 D group CD3+, CD4+, D8+, CD4+/CD8+ lower than T1, and A group, B group, C group, CD3+, CD4+, D8+, CD4+/CD8+ higher than that of D group, B group, C group, CD3+ CD4+, D8+, CD4+/CD8+ higher than that of A group, B group, C group no significant difference.Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the inflammatory reaction and improve the immune function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, and the effect of middle and high dose is more significant.

The influence of immunomodulator on the immunoglobulin and T cell subsets in children with intractable epilepsy

Objective:To observe the influence of immunomodulator on the immunoglobulin and T cell subsets in children with intractable epilepsy.Method:A total of 82 children with intractable epilepsy in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (41 cases) and the observation group (41 cases). Routine antiepileptic drugs were given to the control group. Medication regimen was that more than 2 kinds of anti epileptic drugs were be combined used. But the immunomodulator wasn't used. Treatment of immune globulin was given to the control group on the basis of observation group. By taking the 400 mg/kg/d as the standard of dosage, for 5 d every course of treatment. One course of treatment was carried out every month, 3 months in total. The changes of IgA, IgG, IgM and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ were compared in 2 groups before and after treatment.Result: The comparison of IgA, IgG, IgM in the two groups before treatment was not statistically significant. After treatment, IgA, IgG in observation group were significantly higher than that before treatment and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference on the IgM. There was no significant difference on the IgA, IgG, IgM in the control group compared with that before treatment. IgA, IgG in observation group was significant higher than that in the control group. The comparison of IgM between 2 groups was not statistically significant. The comparison of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups before treatment was not statistically significant. After treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in observation group were significantly higher than that before treatment;CD8+ in observation group was significantly lower than that before treatment. The difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference on the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ in the control group compared with that before treatment. CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in observation group was significant higher than that in the control group. CD8+ in observation group was significant lower than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Compared with using routine antiepileptic drugs , application of immune globulin as an immunomodulator combined with conventional antiepileptic drug in children with refractory epilepsy can effectively improve the expression of IgA, IgG, IgM and T cell subsets, which has a positive effect on the immune function of the children.

T SUBSETS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTES INFILTRATING HUMAN PRIMARY BRAIN GLIOMAS

Glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes (GIL) were isolated from 9 surgical biopsy specimens of primary brain gliomas using mechanical and enzymatic digestion and discontinuous density gradent centrifugation. During cultured in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for a period of four weeks, GIL were expanded 48. 4-fold on the average, even up to 118-fold. GIL activated by IL- 2 had specific cytolytic activity against autologous glioma cells. Analysis of T subsets of GIL freshly isolated showed that CD3+ cells were 71.0±11.9%, CD4+ cells 34.2±6.1% and CD3+cells 37.0±7.6%. Ability of activated GIL to produce γ-Interferon (γ-IFN) was significantly higher than that of freshly isolated GIL and autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The results suggest that GIL have many advantages for an adoptive immunotherapy of patients with brain gllomas and be a new type of antitumor immune effector.

STUDIES ON LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS, HUMORAL IMMUNITY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SELENIUM IN PATIENTS WITH KASHIN-BECK DISEASE

Objective To study the humoral immunity status and distribution pattern of lymphocyte subgroups of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in patients with Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD), and their relationship with erythrocyte selenium. Methods 23 X-ray diagnosed patients, 22 age- and sex- matched healthy children in KBD affected area (KAA), and 25 in KBD non-affected area (KNAA) were randomly selected. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD20 was conducted to analyze the lymphocyte subsets. Serum IgM, IgA, IgG, Complement C3 and C4 were assayed using rate nephelometry (Array 360 System, USA). The contents of erythrocyte selenium was determined by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence assay. Results CD4+ and CD8+ cells percentage in PBMCs and serum IgA were significantly lower in KAA than those in KNAA(P< 0.05). CD20+ percentage in KAA displayed a decreasing trend compared to KNAA, although not statistically significantly. No statistical differences were found in CD4/CD8 ratio, serum IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 levels. Erythrocyte selenium level in KAA still showed a pronounced decrease compared to that in KNAA. Correlation analysis showed that erythrocyte selenium contents had a strong association with the CD4 cell percentage (r= 0.625, P< 0.05), as well as serum IgA (r= 0.462, P< 0.05). In addition, a moderate correlation between the serum IgA and CD4+ percentage (r= 0.130, P> 0.05) was found. Conclusion These results suggested that children in KAA had a comparably low cellular immunity level and their humoral immunity status was also in a state of moderate immune suppression. Of this immune disorder in Kashin-Beck disease patients, selenium deficiency probably played a critical role via affecting the distribution pattern of peripheral blood lymphocyte. Selenium-deficiency and immune impairment maybe both have something to do with the cause-effect chain of KBD.

NK ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS AND THE EFFECTS OF LOW DOSE RADIATION

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 3870902). Objective: To determine the NK activity of lymphocyte subsets and the effects of low dose radiation. Methods: Lymphocyte subsets were separated by monoclonal antibodies. The NK activity of each subset on tumor cells was detected by radioactive release method. Results: The results showed that besides NK cells, CD 4, CD 8 and B cells alone can kill tumor cells. But the cellkilling activity of NK cells appeared to be strongest. There was synergistic effect between CD 4 and NK cells. The activity of mixed lymphocytes was more than that of only one subset. The effect of low dose radiation (LDR) on NK activity of panlymphocytes or NK cells was different. Conclusion: This paper demonstrated that NK activity of mononuclear cells was called “NK activity of lymphocytes”, but it is not true. Only when NK cells were separated by monoclonal antibodies, its killer activity can be called “activity of NK cells”.

Study on T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with Graves' disease combined with type 2 diabetes

Objective To investigate changes in T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with simple Graves’ disease(GD)and Graves’ disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus(GD/T2DM).Methods Fifteen cases of GD/T2DM were selected from our hospital from November 2001 to November 2004.Before and after therapy thyroid function,thyroglobulin antibody(TGA),thyroid microsomal antibody(TMA)and blood glucose level were measured,and T lymphocyte subsets(CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8)and NK cells(CD56)were measured by immunofluorescence double labeling monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry,respectively.At the same time,comparison was made with simple GD(15 cases),T2DM(15 cases)and healthy control(20 cases).Results Before therapy,CD4/CD8,CD4 and NK cells in GD/T2DM were less than normal,and there was no significant difference in comparison with simple GD(P<0.05).In T2DM group,only CD4/CD8 and CD4 were less than those of healthy controls(P<0.05).When thyroid function recovered after 1 to 3 months of methimazole treatment in both GD/T2DM and simple GD groups,various indexes recovered,which were more obvious in simple GD.Conclusion Immune hypofunction of GD may be the key to the immune abnormality of GD/T2DM,which is more significant than that of simple GD or T2DM.The recovery of thyroid function and immune abnormality is not consistent,and the recovery of GD is more significant than that of GD/T2DM.