Based on the theory of substrate permeation through the cytoplasmic membrane,and considering the effect of initial concentration of substrate,a new kinetic model of phenol degradation process was proposed,Comparing wi...Based on the theory of substrate permeation through the cytoplasmic membrane,and considering the effect of initial concentration of substrate,a new kinetic model of phenol degradation process was proposed,Comparing with the widely used Haldane model,which is greatly dependent on the initial phenol concentration,our model can be used to simulate the phenol degradation process in a wide range of initial phenol concentration by using only one set of model parameters ,Therefore,this new kinetic model has much more potential applications to industrial design and operation.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading bacteria HB8 and HF1 were mixed with a commercially available microbial composting agent, respectively, for the composting of spent P. ostreatus substrate. Mung beans were cultivated with different proportions of spent mushroom substrate compost and soil. The seed germination rate, plant height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content of mung bean were used as indicators to investigate the effects of the organic fertilizer from spent P. ostreatus substrate on the growth of mung bean seedlings. [Results] The addition of cellulose-degrading bacteria can significantly improve the composting effect of the spent mushroom substrate. After 8 d of cultivation of mung beans with different ratios of the mushroom substrate organic fertilizer, 50% of the organic fertilizer can make the plant height, fresh weight and leaf chlorophyll content of mung bean seedlings reach the highest value and was suitable for mung bean breeding and cultivation. [Conclusions] This study provides scientific basis and technical indicators for the rapid and harmless treatment of spent mushroom substrate and its application in crop cultivation and nursery.展开更多
Using 19-year satellite altimetric data, variations in the eddy kinetic energy, energy exchanges and interaction between the eddy fi eld and mean fl ow are discussed for the Kuroshio south of Japan. In the seasonal cy...Using 19-year satellite altimetric data, variations in the eddy kinetic energy, energy exchanges and interaction between the eddy fi eld and mean fl ow are discussed for the Kuroshio south of Japan. In the seasonal cycle, the eddy kinetic energy level is a minimum in December/January and a maximum in April/May. In addition to seasonal variations, the eddy kinetic energy undergoes interannual changes. The energy transfers mainly from the mean fl ow to the eddy fi eld in the Kuroshio south of Japan, and dominant energy exchanges mainly occur along the Kuroshio path south of Japan in each year from 1993 to 2011. In addition, there is often barotropic instability south of Honshu. Regarding interactions between the eddy fi eld and mean fl ow, cyclonic and anticyclonic accelerations are also found along the Kuroshio path and they fl ank each other. There is cyclonic acceleration always imposed on southeast of Kyushu, and anticyclonic acceleration dominates south of Honshu from 2001 to mid-2005. Reynolds stress is used to explain the dynamic process of energy exchange. Furthermore, lag-correlation and linear regression analysis show that variability of the energy conversion rate and Reynolds stress involve responses to eddy acceleration at two time scales. The enhanced eddy acceleration induces large Reynolds stress, and enhanced Reynolds stress or barotropic instability further enforces energy transfer from the mean fl ow to the eddy fi eld.展开更多
The derivative expressions between activation energy (E) and the temperature at the maximum mass loss rate(Tmax) and between activation energy (E) and exponent (N) were deduced in the light of Arrhenius theory. It was...The derivative expressions between activation energy (E) and the temperature at the maximum mass loss rate(Tmax) and between activation energy (E) and exponent (N) were deduced in the light of Arrhenius theory. It was found that the increase of activation energy results in the decrease of exponent and the increase of Tmax. The kinetic parameters were involved in the analysis of the thermal degradation of several polymers. The degradation kinetics of these polymers well complied with the prediction of the derivative expressions for the polymer degradation with single mechanism dominated.展开更多
In Pelton turbines, when the water jet emerges in the air, its velocity decreases downstream and its diameter increases to meet the continuity. In this paper, a physical parameter, the enlarging rate of jet diameter k...In Pelton turbines, when the water jet emerges in the air, its velocity decreases downstream and its diameter increases to meet the continuity. In this paper, a physical parameter, the enlarging rate of jet diameter kDi was introduced and measured experimentally. The measurement of enlarging rate was carried out in three model turbines with different distributing Y-branch and nozzle configurations under various operating conditions. The effect of jet enlarging rate on the unsteady water sheet flow in the rotating buckets has not been investigated so tar. This paper also presents the comparative numerical analysis of the flow in buckets at different enlarging rates of jet. It is shown that the effect of jet enlargement is so large that the flow pattern in the bucket is drastically changed by the latter half of the frames, The jet with large enlarging rate also introduces worse energy behavior to the hydraulic performance of the Pelton turbine. Besides, the phenomenon of jet interference was also discussed by using the results of numerical simulation for one jet. It indicates that the jet with large enlarging rate takes more risk that jet interference may damage the performance of multi-nozzle Pelton turbine.展开更多
基金Supported by China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (X599011).
文摘Based on the theory of substrate permeation through the cytoplasmic membrane,and considering the effect of initial concentration of substrate,a new kinetic model of phenol degradation process was proposed,Comparing with the widely used Haldane model,which is greatly dependent on the initial phenol concentration,our model can be used to simulate the phenol degradation process in a wide range of initial phenol concentration by using only one set of model parameters ,Therefore,this new kinetic model has much more potential applications to industrial design and operation.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(15C0721)Hunan Provincial Innovation Platform Open Fund Project(16K047)Hunan Provincial Construct Program of the Key Discipline
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading bacteria HB8 and HF1 were mixed with a commercially available microbial composting agent, respectively, for the composting of spent P. ostreatus substrate. Mung beans were cultivated with different proportions of spent mushroom substrate compost and soil. The seed germination rate, plant height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content of mung bean were used as indicators to investigate the effects of the organic fertilizer from spent P. ostreatus substrate on the growth of mung bean seedlings. [Results] The addition of cellulose-degrading bacteria can significantly improve the composting effect of the spent mushroom substrate. After 8 d of cultivation of mung beans with different ratios of the mushroom substrate organic fertilizer, 50% of the organic fertilizer can make the plant height, fresh weight and leaf chlorophyll content of mung bean seedlings reach the highest value and was suitable for mung bean breeding and cultivation. [Conclusions] This study provides scientific basis and technical indicators for the rapid and harmless treatment of spent mushroom substrate and its application in crop cultivation and nursery.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-EW-201)the Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Projects of Qingdao(No.11-1-4-95-jch)
文摘Using 19-year satellite altimetric data, variations in the eddy kinetic energy, energy exchanges and interaction between the eddy fi eld and mean fl ow are discussed for the Kuroshio south of Japan. In the seasonal cycle, the eddy kinetic energy level is a minimum in December/January and a maximum in April/May. In addition to seasonal variations, the eddy kinetic energy undergoes interannual changes. The energy transfers mainly from the mean fl ow to the eddy fi eld in the Kuroshio south of Japan, and dominant energy exchanges mainly occur along the Kuroshio path south of Japan in each year from 1993 to 2011. In addition, there is often barotropic instability south of Honshu. Regarding interactions between the eddy fi eld and mean fl ow, cyclonic and anticyclonic accelerations are also found along the Kuroshio path and they fl ank each other. There is cyclonic acceleration always imposed on southeast of Kyushu, and anticyclonic acceleration dominates south of Honshu from 2001 to mid-2005. Reynolds stress is used to explain the dynamic process of energy exchange. Furthermore, lag-correlation and linear regression analysis show that variability of the energy conversion rate and Reynolds stress involve responses to eddy acceleration at two time scales. The enhanced eddy acceleration induces large Reynolds stress, and enhanced Reynolds stress or barotropic instability further enforces energy transfer from the mean fl ow to the eddy fi eld.
文摘The derivative expressions between activation energy (E) and the temperature at the maximum mass loss rate(Tmax) and between activation energy (E) and exponent (N) were deduced in the light of Arrhenius theory. It was found that the increase of activation energy results in the decrease of exponent and the increase of Tmax. The kinetic parameters were involved in the analysis of the thermal degradation of several polymers. The degradation kinetics of these polymers well complied with the prediction of the derivative expressions for the polymer degradation with single mechanism dominated.
文摘In Pelton turbines, when the water jet emerges in the air, its velocity decreases downstream and its diameter increases to meet the continuity. In this paper, a physical parameter, the enlarging rate of jet diameter kDi was introduced and measured experimentally. The measurement of enlarging rate was carried out in three model turbines with different distributing Y-branch and nozzle configurations under various operating conditions. The effect of jet enlarging rate on the unsteady water sheet flow in the rotating buckets has not been investigated so tar. This paper also presents the comparative numerical analysis of the flow in buckets at different enlarging rates of jet. It is shown that the effect of jet enlargement is so large that the flow pattern in the bucket is drastically changed by the latter half of the frames, The jet with large enlarging rate also introduces worse energy behavior to the hydraulic performance of the Pelton turbine. Besides, the phenomenon of jet interference was also discussed by using the results of numerical simulation for one jet. It indicates that the jet with large enlarging rate takes more risk that jet interference may damage the performance of multi-nozzle Pelton turbine.
