Analysis of the Critical Aspects of the Generational Turnover in Family Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises （SMEs）

Family businesses, which aim at surviving today, have to deal with a precise modality： To ensure their continuity, entrepreneurs have to ensure the transfer of leadership from one generation to another inside of them. We do believe that this matter is worth being analyzed, since the succession, from one generation to another, can be considered as a crucial variable in maintaining family small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） over time. Therefore, after investigating the main features, problems, and factors leading to the succession processes, in the second part of this article, an empirical analysis will be carried out, by comparing several European countries on the basis of data from the European Commission. This article contributes to enriching, from a theoretical point of view, the conceptual framework used for investigating the dynamics in the continuity of SMEs. Moreover, empirically, it contributes to the increasing literature on family businesses by comparing several European countries in order to understand what originates the longevity of family SMEs.

A Family--The Tension and the Satisfaction

Family members solve not only their interests, but make provision for interests of other members of the family, too. The space for the control at a higher level is thus formed. Without notifying, individual members in the process of provision making proceed depending on general rules of the organisation of elements into higher structures, as they exist in all stable objects. This provision making has different forms, starting with the love and ending with an assisted coexistence. The understanding of the role of individual controlling structures allows to improve the functioning of the family. Similarly, as a regular discussion of its functioning in the family and perhaps, their controlled casting by some of partners, too. The submitted work describes roles and the control in the elementary family--in the childless coexistence of partners.

Relevance of Family in Academic Success on Children

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between academic success and functional and dysfunctional families. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 200 children between 6 and 13 years old, primary and junior high school students was conducted (32.3% were female and 67.7% were male). To assess the relationship, a study case of 21 reagents was designed to empty the obtained information from medical review records from a psychopedagogic clinic. Academic success was measured as from the revision of informal tests and standardized tests. Results showed that the population levels of academic success were average. However, a significant relationship between the age of the parents and the level of academic success was found, indicating that these variables are associated with this problem. Besides that, it was found that there is a tendency in children with cognitive, emotional and sensory problems reflected in low academic success. The findings provide information that could be considered for the development of programs of psychopedagogic intervention to treat children with learning disabilities and low academic success.

Urban-rural Unification of Standard of Special Subsidy for Families Practicing Family Planning

According to news from the website of National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on April 17,Ministry of Finance and NHFPC recently issued Opinions on Further Improving the Input Mechanism in Family Planning,

媒体关注会提升代际传承阶段家族企业的创新效率吗?

中国家族企业面临代际传承和创新转型的双重挑战。在新媒体融合背景下,本文选取2009—2021年中国上市家族企业作为样本,研究媒体关注对代际传承与家族企业创新效率的调节作用和影响机制。结果表明:(1)代际传承阶段家族企业的平均创新效率显著低于非代际传承阶段家族企业;(2)媒体关注能够正向调节代际传承对家族企业创新效率的抑制作用,该调节作用在处于高市场化水平地区和高信息透明度的家族企业中更为明显;(3)拓展性研究发现,媒体关注的调节作用具有持续性,且相较于负面媒体关注和中性媒体关注,正面媒体关注的调节作用更为明显;(4)机制检验表明,媒体关注通过提高代际传承阶段家族企业的内部控制质量,进而提升家族企业的创新效率。本文拓展了代际传承与家族企业创新边界条件的研究,丰富了公司治理理论中媒体关注的研究成果,并为家族企业的高质量发展提供管理启示。

产业集群社会资本能够打破传承期家族企业创新约束吗?——基于战略参考点转移的研究

探究传承期家族企业的创新问题,对正面临代际传承和国家创新驱动发展战略双重挑战的家族企业具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于战略参考点理论,本文提出对于传承期的家族企业而言,产业集群社会资本是驱动其战略参考点转移以及缓解创新约束的关键因素。对产业集群家族企业调查数据进行统计分析的检验结果表明:处于传承期的家族企业以保持家族控制这一内部导向的战略参考点为主导,从而抑制其创新活动;随着产业集群社会资本的提升,传承期家族企业战略参考点会“由内转外”,具有更强的外部导向,因此能够缓解传承期对家族企业创新的抑制。拓展研究发现,产业集群社会资本通过提升传承期家族企业风险承担能力促进其创新行为。无论是以创新投入还是以新产品创新作为家族企业创新行为的反映,以上结论均得到支持。研究揭示了产业集群社会资本对传承期家族企业战略参考点变化的重要作用,有助于引导和鼓励家族企业提高传承期的创新投入,最终实现“基业长青”。

企业家权威对家族企业传承效果的影响研究

企业家权威如何促进家族企业代际传承?本研究基于社会认同理论,从企业家法定权威、职位权威和魅力权威出发,通过浙江省189位家族企业家及对应的1106位员工样本数据,实证检验了企业家权威对家族企业代际传承的影响机理。研究结果表明:(1)企业家法定权威和魅力权威显著正向影响家族企业代际传承;(2)员工的领导认同和组织认同在魅力权威和家族企业成功传承的关系之间起到完全中介作用,而员工领导认同在企业家法定权威和成功传承的关系之间也起到完全中介作用;(3)员工的领导认同和组织认同同时发生作用时,员工的领导认同作用更为重要。本研究细化了企业家权威的内涵,明确了企业家职位授予并不能导致家族企业成功传承,而企业家知识技能、社会网络和所持股份等将通过员工认同显著影响成功传承。相关研究结论对当前中国家族企业代际传承中企业家与员工之间的关系研究具有重要指导意义。

家族涉入管理程度会影响客户稳定度吗?——基于代际传承阶段的调节作用

稳定供应链是家族企业实现可持续发展的重要保障。以2009~2022年中国沪深两市A股家族上市企业为研究对象,从家族涉入管理视角探究对客户稳定度的影响以及代际传承阶段的调节作用。研究发现,家族涉入管理程度提高能够显著改善家族企业的客户稳定度,二代参与管理及两代共同管理能够增强家族涉入管理程度对客户稳定度的积极影响,但二代接收管理对家族涉入管理程度与客户稳定度之间关系不具有显著调节作用。作用机制检验发现,家族涉入管理程度提高通过信任强化和效率赋能进而稳定客户关系。经济后果分析发现,家族涉入管理程度提高带来的客户稳定度提升能够显著改善家族企业长期价值。研究结论对于探究家族涉入管理程度影响客户稳定度的内在机理具有一定参考价值,也有利于家族企业采取有力措施优化高管团队结构,助力家族企业获得稳定客户,改善供应链管理质量,从微观层面助力国内经济的良性循环。

二代继任方式与家族企业国际化——来自东西部家族企业的经验证据

中国家族企业正进入代际传承高峰时期,而国际化则是家族企业获取长期竞争优势与持续成长的重要战略选择。目前学术界关于代际传承对家族企业国际化影响的文献,主要考察家族后代权力涉入对家族企业国际化的影响,忽视了二代继任方式对家族企业国际化的作用。因此,文章在将中国家族企业二代继任方式区分为渐进式继任方式和激进式继任方式的基础上,利用2020年8月至11月对重庆和浙江等东西部省(直辖市)253家家族企业的问卷调查数据,首次实证研究二代继任方式对家族企业国际化的影响,探讨代际权威、创始人政治身份和继承人年龄对二代继任方式与家族企业国际化关系的调节效应,并进一步研究国际化承诺对二代继任方式与家族企业国际化关系的遮掩效应,以揭示二代继任方式对家族企业国际化的影响机制与作用情境。研究结果表明:与激进式继任方式相比,采取渐进式继任方式的家族企业更倾向于选择深度、广泛和快速地进入国际市场;代际权威、创始人政治身份、继承人年龄会显著地削弱渐进式继任方式对家族企业国际化深度、广度和速度的促进作用,即渐进式继任方式对家族企业国际化深度、广度和速度的促进作用在代际权威大、创始人拥有政治身份、继承人年龄大的家族企业更不明显。文章使用重新定义家族企业、选择已经进入或完成代际传承的家族企业样本进行稳健性检验,上述研究结论仍然成立。进一步研究表明,国际化承诺在渐进式继任方式与家族企业国际化深度、广度之间发挥遮掩效应,即渐进式继任方式通过降低国际化承诺水平进而削弱其对家族企业国际化深度和广度的积极效应。基于上述研究结果,文章提出如下建议:家族企业创始人应提前制定传承计划,尽可能安排二代渐进式继任,在渐进式继任过程中帮助二代继承人尽快建立权威合法性,以降低两代之间的权威差异;家族企业创始人要理性认识政治关系的积极和消极作用,积极构建亲清政商关系,政府部门应着力构建更加公正公平透明的经营环境,充分调动家族企业家经营活动的积极性。

农村家庭教育研究的现状、热点及前瞻

农村家庭教育是以家庭教育的实施场域命名的教育形态,并日益成为攸关农村群众对美好生活向往与追求的公共事务。农村家庭教育既是家庭教育的一个特殊形态,又是开展家庭教育研究的一个重要领域。在分析农村家庭教育研究现状的基础上,梳理了农村家庭教育研究领域的热点问题:农村发展与家庭教育内在逻辑关联,农村特殊群体家庭教育,农村家庭教育投资,农村家校社协同育人,农村家庭教育的问题与对策。展望未来,应关注农村家庭结构类型的新变化,发掘农村家庭教育的特有问题,厘清农村家庭教育投资和农村家庭投资教育的研究边界。

家族企业代际传承对供应链管理的影响——基于客户集中度的研究

供应链管理是企业竞争战略中的重要领域,其中客户是确保企业生存发展、适时了解市场动态、优化供应链管理的关键要素。当前,众多家族企业面临代际传承的过渡期,故家族企业代际传承如何影响客户集中度是值得研究的重要议题。本文利用2007~2023年中国A股上市家族企业样本数据,实证探究家族企业代际传承对供应链管理的影响,并进一步识别其作用机制。研究发现,家族企业代际传承显著降低了企业客户集中度,且在一系列稳健性检验和内生性分析后结论依然成立。异质性分析发现,金字塔式、劳动密集型、行业竞争度较高以及非高技术行业的家族企业,代际传承对企业客户集中度的影响更为显著。机制检验显示,家族企业代际传承对客户集中度的负向影响,主要通过增加获客投入,降低专有化投资和减少关系维护成本等渠道来实现。本文揭示了家族企业代际传承对供应链管理影响的微观机制,为家族企业传承过程中企业战略调整和长期稳健发展提供了理论参考和实践启示。

融合教育背景下幼儿教师的工作家庭冲突对职业成功的影响:组织支持感的中介作用

为了探讨在融合教育背景下,幼儿教师的工作家庭冲突、组织支持感与职业成功之间的关系,对幼儿教师进行问卷调查,结果表明:1)工作家庭冲突与组织支持感、职业成功呈现显著负相关;2)组织支持感正向预测职业成功;3)组织支持感在工作家庭冲突与职业成功之间起到部分中介作用。研究结果为幼儿教师在融合教育背景下提升自身对职业发展中积极心理体验的塑造提供了启示与思路。

Research on the Practical Effects and Challenges of Social-Emotional Learning in Elementary Education

This research investigates the practical effects and challenges of Social-Emotional Learning(SEL)in elementary education through a mixed-methods approach.The study involved a thorough analysis of SEL’s impact on students’emotional development,social skills,academic performance,and behavioral issues across three case study schools.Findings indicate significant positive effects of SEL on students’abilities to recognize and manage emotions,engage in social interactions,and improve academic achievements.However,challenges such as teacher training,curriculum integration,family and community involvement,and resource limitations were identified.The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing SEL practices in elementary education,emphasizing systematic teacher training,curriculum design,and continuous assessment and improvement.Future research directions are suggested to explore the long-term effects of SEL and its adaptation in various educational contexts.

Women’s Participation in Water Resource Management, in Case of Enderta District, Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Women’s participation in each and every activity of a country is crucial. Especially to achieve the sustainable development goals involvement of girls and women in each sector of a nation contributes more and more. Considering women as family leaders;in many cultures in the household responsibility, taking care of their husband and children they are nation builders. However, participation, interaction and contribution of women outside of their house are not significant. Above all, in science and technology related matters their involvement is very weak. Therefore, this study deals with examining women’s participation in water resource management in Endertaworeda, specifically in Didba and Shibta sub-districts. The study result indicated that, the role of women in water management is high, especially in domestic level and the willingness to participate in external water issues was increased, but the decision making power never reached equality between men and women. The analysis shows that even though there are few women in the water committee of the local community and the water resource management sector, still their participation in decision making is insignificant. Even today, the society confirms the supremacy of men over women. As a result the policy at national levels as well as the regional level which emphasized on women’s participation in water resource management has become elusive its implementations. On the evidence of the study results, there are different barriers for women’s participation in management. The most frequently mentioned barriers are socio-cultural barriers, women’s low educational success and access in the country and low number of women in the office as managerial staff. Therefore, measures should be taken to enhance women’s participation in management position.

Family Business Succession in Hong Kong： The Case of Yung Kee

This case study examines the succession of Chinese family business in Hong Kong, drawing upon theories of the firm. More specifically, it utilizes capabilities theories, property rights economics and Neo-Confucianism to understand management disputes and infighting among the members in a Chinese family business in Hong Kong. This paper will argue that the founder of a Chinese business firm in Hong Kong is able to lead his or her offspring to create a dynamic enterprise via charismatic leadership and family rules embedded in traditional Chinese values. However, these two strategic assets disappear following the passing away of the founder as well as the emergence of new social values. When the founder passes on the enterprise to his or her offspring using more or less the equal inheritance system, the traditional Chinese value is unable to enforce the leader＇s will to consolidate the strengths of the second generation family members to maintain the founder＇s business. Furthermore, when the business is owned by all family members, property rights of the firm become unclear. Without effective enforcement of traditional Chinese values and with collective ownership rights, some family members will have the incentive to capture the economic rent that is shared by all members. In other words, some family members behave opportunistically or even cheat in order to capture economic gains in the public domain. High monitoring and enforcement costs in the form of court battle and endless disputes will occur. Rent dissipation occurs in the form of deterioration of the quality of the family business. This casestudy is based on Yung Kee, an intemationally well-known roast goose restaurant in Hong Kong as an illustration.

Healthcare Literacy Level of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chinese Citizens was 8.55%

State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（SATCM）,jointly with National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）,issued results of survey on healthcare literacy of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）on March 31.

代际传承与家族企业创新——基于社会情感财富理论的研究

我国家族企业陆续进入代际传承高峰,在国家实施创新驱动战略的背景下,应对传承和创新的双重考验已成为当前家族企业发展的重要议题。受社会情感财富影响,处于代际传承中的家族企业往往表现出较低的企业创新水平,这对家族企业的发展构成了阻碍,而风险承担水平在此间起到了中介机制的作用。进一步的调节效应分析表明,社会责任承担弱化了代际传承对家族企业风险承担水平的影响,也弱化了风险承担水平在代际传承与家族企业创新关系中的中介效应;家族涉入强化了代际传承对家族企业风险承担水平的影响,也强化了风险承担水平在代际传承与家族企业创新关系中的中介效应。