Effect of Alkali Stress on Soluble Sugar, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Oat

Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were： （i） low concentrations of alkali stress （25 and 50 mmol L^-1） significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde （MDA） content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and peroxidase （POD） activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; （ii） soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; （iii） alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; （iv） under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress,

Sugar beet yield and industrial sugar contents improved by potassium fertilization under scarce and adequate moisture conditions

Sugar beet（Beta vulgaris L.） is an industrial crop, grown worldwide for sugar production. In Pakistan, sugar is mostly extracted from sugarcane, soil and environmental conditions are equally favorable for sugar beet cultivation. Beet sugar contents are higher than sugarcane sugar contents, which can be further increased by potassium（K） fertilization. Total K concentration is higher in Pakistani soils developed from mica minerals, but it does not represent plant available K for sustainable plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. K treatments were the following： no K（K_0）, K application at 148 kg ha^（–1）（K_1） and 296 kg ha^（–1）（K_2）. Irrigation levels were used as water sufficient at 60% water holding capacity and water deficient at 40% water holding capacity. The growth, yield and beet quality data were analyzed statistically using LSD. The results revealed that increase in the level of K fertilization at water sufficient level significantly increased plant growth, beet yield and industrial beet sugar content. The response of K fertilization under water deficient condition was also similar, however overall sugar production was less than that in water sufficient conditions. It is concluded from this study that K application could be used not only to enhance plant growth and beet yield but also enhance beet sugar content both under water-deficient as well as water-sufficient conditions.

Analysis of the Major Factors Causing Outbreak of Sugarcane Pokahh Boeng and Determination of Yield and Sugar Loss

The paper was to understand the major factors causing outbreak of sugarcane pokahh boeng and the losses of yield and sugar content.The occurrence dynamics and influencing factors of pokahh boeng were analyzed.Under natural field condition,the diseased plant rate of main cultivated varieties was investigated in the damaged area and undamaged area established in the same field,and sugarcane yield and sugar content were measured and their losses were calculated at harvest period.The results showed that the prevalence of pokkah boeng mainly attributed to cultivation of susceptible varieties,high temperature and high humidity climate,accumulation of the pathogen and improper cultivation and management measures.Survey data showed the diseased plant rates were 63.3%-95%,with an average of 81.1%; the yield loss rates were 30.2%-48.5%,with an average of 38.42%; the sugar content were reduced by 2.63%-5.21%,with an average of3.61%; the sugarcane juice brix were dropped by 2.4-4.69 ° BX,3.61° BX on average; the gravity purities of sugarcane juice were decreased by 1.99%-8.14%,4.83% on average; the reducing sugars of sugarcane juice were increased by 0.05%-0.6%,0.16% on average.It is confirmed that the occurrence and damage of sugarcane pokkah boeng is severe at present stage,leading to huge loss of sugarcane yields and sugar content.Sugarcane pokkah boeng has become one of the main barriers of sugarcane production,and scientific and effective prevention and control of sugarcane pokkah boeng is very important for sustainable development of sugar industry.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses in Sugarcane Genotypes of Ethiopia

To study the relations of certain morphological and sugar quality characters with sugarcane yield, an experiment was conducted at Wonji and Metehara Sugar Estates, Ethiopia between March 2012 and October 2013. The experiment, comprising of 400 sugarcane genotypes of which 174 were local that were collected from different regional states of Ethiopia and 226 introduced, was laid out in partial balanced lattice design with two replications. Data was collected on cane yield and its components, sugar yield and sugar quality traits. ANOVA, correlation and path coefficient analysis were done. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) for all the characters studied. Cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with millable cane number (r = 0.832), single cane weight (r = 0.528), stalk height (r = 0.517) and sugar yield (r = 0.987). There was also positive significant (P = 0.05) correlation of tiller count and cane diameter with cane yield. Path analysis revealed the highest positive direct effect of millable cane number (0.812) on cane yield followed by single cane weight (0.682) and pol percent (0.550). However, stalk diameter and brix percent had considerable negative direct effects and indirect positive effects through single cane weight on cane yield. Therefore, in view of their significant positive association with cane yield, indirect effects of stalk diameter and brix percent via single cane weight should be considered during selection. Genotypes should be selected on the basis of millable cane number, single cane weight and pol percent for getting higher cane and sugar yield.

Influence of Rind Hardness on Sugarcane Quality

Sugar recovery in a factory depends upon regular crushing and quality of varieties besides various other working parameters. Strategies for increased productivity and sugar recovery, varietal improvement can bring out through selection of parents to get maximum gains. These are governed by sugar content, fiber, rind hardness and cane yield. In order to assess the breeding value of different traits including rind hardness, study was undertaken at Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur, during 2011-2012. Phenotypic difference and correlations among agronomic characters, basic quality characters and rind hardness in 120 segregating genotypes derived from contrast bi-parental cross (UP9530 × Co86011) of sugarcane cultivar were studied in this experiment. All the traits observed were found statistically significant among the mapping populations. The mean value of rind hardness was 5.91 with a range from 2.08 to 12.10 among 120 segregating population including their parents. Rind hardness (RHD) showed significant positive genotypic correlation with sugar yield-related traits viz;cane weight (CW, r = 0.325), cane yield (CYLD, r = 0.380) and sugar yield (SUYLD, r = 0.248). Significant negative correlation was observed for rind hardness with commercial cane sugar percent (CCS%, r = -0.388), number of millable cane (NMC, r = -0.216), hand refractometer brix %-October (HBR, r = -0.154), Brix% in juice (BR, r = -0.119) and Sucrose% in juice (SUC, r = -0.080). The simple correlation analysis showed that RHD, CW, CYLD and SUYLD showed significant positive correlation for agronomic characters, but for basic quality characters had negative correlations. Result indicated that rind hardness was found to have economically important trait due to showing significant positive and negative correlation with sugar yield and sugar content, respectively. The study also revealed that with the reduction in rind hardness, sugar recovery may increase. Present findings indicated that the rind hardness could play as a key role in the selection of elite genotypes in breeding program to develop high sugar, high yielding, erect, non-lodging, disease and insect resistant varieties. The details of the study were discussed in the manuscript.

生物炭与氮肥共施对甘蔗产量和糖分质量的影响

【目的】探求生物炭对大田新植甘蔗生长的效应,从而为甘蔗生产上应用生物炭和制定氮肥高效管理提供理论基础。【方法】试验以甘蔗品种‘GT11’和‘B8’为材料,设置低氮N 120 kg/hm^(2)和高氮N 600 kg/hm^(2)2个氮水平,生物炭C0、C10和C20 t/hm^(2)3个水平,调查测定炭氮配施对甘蔗农艺生长、氮积累量和氮利用率及产量构成因素的影响。【结果】生物炭可适当增加甘蔗出苗率、分蘖率和株高,生物炭虽对产量增加无明显效应,但能够提高甘蔗糖分0.19%~0.82%,从而使产糖量增加了1.93%~10.77%。高炭处理下甘蔗氮累积量增加了0.41%~4.74%,但对氮利用率未起到显著提高作用。【结论】生物炭对新植甘蔗的分蘖、氮累积量及糖度累积起到了一定的促进作用,但这种效应因品种而异,氮在其中的作用大于生物炭的作用。

辽甜系列高粱杂交种的选育与应用

辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所2005—2023年18年间共选育出21个甜高粱杂交种,其中11个为A_(1)细胞质型,4个A_(2)细胞质型,5个A_(3)细胞质型,1个9E细胞质型,细胞质类型丰富。在A_(1)、A_(2)、A_(3)、9E细胞质高糖不育系的创制方面有所突破,消除了高粱在遗传上的单一性和脆弱性,创制高糖资源和高糖亲本系,选育合理株型,A_(3)型细胞质的应用扩大了能源甜高粱种质资源的利用范围。选育的A_(1)、A_(2)和9E细胞质为粮秆兼用型品种,其茎秆产量、含糖量及籽粒产量协同提高,A_(3)型细胞质杂交种茎秆含糖量提高3~5个百分点,表现为不结籽粒,解决了甜高粱倒伏问题,规避了生产风险。辽甜1号和辽甜3号甜高粱杂交种已大面积推广应用,在生物质能源产业的发展中发挥重要的作用,促进农业结构调整,提高农民收入,具有十分广阔的开发应用前景。

Research on Glutamate Synthase Activity in Sugar Beet(Beta Vulgaris L.)under Different Levels of Nitrogen

The experiment of glutamate synthase activity (GOGATA) in both leaf blades and roots under different nitrogen levels was carried out at Northeast Agricultural University in 1993. The result showed that GOGATA rose rapidly to reach its peak from seedling stage to foliage rapid growth stage, and then declined gradually. GOGATA was enhanced with increasing nitrogen levels and had significant positive correlation with nitrogen levels at the middle stage of growth GOGATA in leaf blades was the strongest compared with crowns, petioles and roots, thus, it could represent the highest enzyme activity of the whole plant. GOGATA had quadratic curvilinear correlation with root yield and sugar production. GOGATA in leaf blades had significant positive correlation with α-NH 2-N at the foliage rapid growth stage while GOGATA in roots existed this relation at the latter stage of growth. GOGATA in roots had significant negative correlation with sugar content at harvest.

增产增糖剂对甘蔗不同节位糖分积累的调控

以GT58甘蔗品种为试验材料,以叶面喷施清水为对照(CK),使用自主研发的增产增糖剂叶面喷施,分析自然条件下和喷施增产增糖剂处理甘蔗上部、中部和下部节段糖分积累的变化规律。结果表明,在自然条件下,甘蔗生长至7~8节的下部节段糖分含量为7.05%,生长到20~22节糖分含量为13.24%,积累时长为100~110 d;甘蔗生长至11~13节,中部节段糖分含量为6.85%,生长到20~22节糖分含量为13.24%,积累时长为50~60 d;甘蔗生长至16~18节上部节段糖分含量为4.16%,生长到23~25节糖分含量为13.15%,积累时长为30~40 d;甘蔗节间生长至11~22节时的糖分积累量占全部积累量的63.9%。喷施增产增糖剂后,T_(1)(11~13节)到T_(2)(16~18节)时期甘蔗上部、中部和下部节段的糖分含量均低于对照;但到T_(3)(20~22节)时期,上部节段糖分含量高于对照,差异达显著水平,而中部节段和下部节段的糖分含量与对照差异不明显;到T_(4)(23~25节)时期,甘蔗上部、中部和下部节段的糖分含量分别比对照增加了0.96、1.04、0.93个百分点。

甜菜生产大幅波动的原因探究——基于199份农户调查问卷

2022/2023年榨季我国甜菜糖产量108万t,约占食糖产量的12%,比上年增长25%。甜菜作为我国重要的糖料作物,近几年种植面积和产量的大幅波动非常引人瞩目。为此,基于199份甜菜农户的调查问卷,探究甜菜种植面积和产量的影响因素就尤为重要,主要得出以下结论:(1)2022年受甜菜价格上涨提振,甜菜种植面积增加明显。其中,内蒙古受到轮作土地和成本限制,种植积极性不如新疆地区。2023年因缺乏轮作土地和成本上涨,甜菜扩种热情削减。从区域异质性来看,内蒙古受政策和轮作土地影响较大,新疆受成本和作物竞争影响较大。(2)甜菜收购价格是影响种植面积的最主要因素,其次是甜菜单产,甜菜成本变动对种植面积也产生较大影响。(3)影响甜菜成本的主要因素是地租和生产资料,生产资料成本主要受化肥和农药价格变动的影响。(4)竞争作物和粮食补贴对甜菜种植面积也带来明显影响。(5)甜菜单产主要受甜菜品种、化肥施用、轮作倒茬的影响。(6)从现存的问题来看,生产成本上涨过快最受关注,作物竞争和气候异常的影响也比较严峻。此外,甜菜户均生产规模明显提升,2022年户均甜菜规模41.67 hm2,较2018—2020年提升128.08%;机械化程度总体较高,仅育苗移栽机械化程度略低。规模经营提升和机械化程度较高使得甜菜农户种植行为更为理性,对甜菜比较收益的反应更为敏感。

施氮量对旱地小麦花后糖代谢及籽粒产量的影响

施用氮肥为当前农业增产措施之一,适量施用对小麦产量形成具有重要意义。本试验于2020—2021年在位于黄土高原东南部的山西农业大学小麦试验站开展,设置施氮(N)0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)、90 kg/hm^(2)(N90)、150 kg/hm^(2)(N150)、210 kg/hm^(2)(N210)共4个处理,采用池栽方式研究不同施氮量对旱地小麦地上部生长、花后糖代谢及产量等的影响,以探明提高产量的适宜施氮量及其糖代谢生理机制。结果表明,与对照(N0)相比,施氮肥可显著增加旱地小麦各生育时期株高,增加叶面积指数和花后旗叶蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性,且花后15~30 d间差异达显著水平;产量及其构成因素中,产量增加13.45%~42.18%,穗数增加7.68%~22.33%,穗粒数增加2.14%~3.45%,千粒重增加2.48%~13.54%;总淀粉含量增加1.8~8.8个百分点,尤以支链淀粉含量增加显著。从动态趋势上看,施氮量由90 kg/hm^(2)增至210 kg/hm^(2),各生育时期小麦叶面积指数、花后10~30 d旗叶SPS和SS活性、花后10~30 d籽粒淀粉含量均先增后减,且在施氮量150 kg/hm^(2)时达最高值。最终,旱地小麦产量以N150处理最高,而淀粉含量以N210处理最高,但与N150差异不显著。综上,施氮量150 kg/hm^(2)促进旱地小麦地上部生长,增强花后10~30 d旗叶糖代谢酶活性,增加蔗糖和淀粉含量,增产效果最好。

“双高”糖料蔗基地小型泵站供电电源方案设计

广西优质高产高糖糖料蔗基地建设需要配套建设大量的水利灌溉泵站,而泵站供电电源设计方案及相关电气设备选型直接关系到泵站建设投资及后续运行维护费用。通过分析对比小型泵站供电电源10kV高压侧接入方式、电力变压器型式及接线组别选择、高压侧开关选用方案,提出了相应的设计优选建议。

绿芦笋品种间产量及主要营养成分周年变化测定

通过对6个绿芦笋品种在整个采收期内的生长速度、产量及不同部位的主要营养成分进行测定分析,研究我国南方设施栽培模式下绿芦笋产量和主要营养成分之间的相关性,以及不同品种主要营养成分周年变化情况,为鉴选适宜南方种植的芦笋品种提供依据。经研究,在收获季节,JH152的生长速度略快于其他品种,且该品种的单株年产量(3 220.80 g)、商品笋率(92.67%)和优质笋率(52.73%)均显著高于其他5个品种,但其嫩茎上部总黄酮和维生素C(V_(C))的年平均含量较低,这可能与其生长快、产量高有关。格兰德虽单株年产量较低(2 294.51 g),但其嫩茎的总黄酮和V_(C)营养成分含量显著高于其他品种(总黄酮542.9 mg·kg^(-1)、V_(C) 596.8 mg·kg^(-1))。在营养品质的周年表现方面,6个绿芦笋品种的主要营养成分(总黄酮、V_(C)和可溶性糖)因不同收获季节及嫩茎不同部位存在显著差异(P<0.05),且相对于品种和产量而言,不同收获季节和管理方式对芦笋主要营养成分的影响更大。研究结果进一步阐明了芦笋营养品质的变化规律,同时也为育种家提供了培育优质、特质芦笋品种的依据。

不同比例有机肥替代化肥对甜菜植株养分及产量的影响

【目的】研究不同比例有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分含量、植株养分吸收量、肥料利用率以及甜菜产量和质量的影响,为甜菜高产稳产、土壤培肥提供科学施肥依据。【方法】试验共设置7个处理:不施肥对照(CK),常规施肥(CF),腐殖酸有机肥替代10%化肥(10%HF),腐殖酸有机肥替代20%化肥(20%HF),腐殖酸有机肥替代30%化肥(30%HF),腐殖酸有机肥替代40%化肥(40%HF),腐殖酸有机肥替代50%化肥(50%HF)。测定土壤养分、甜菜植株养分吸收量以及甜菜干物质积累量、产量和品质。【结果】腐殖酸有机肥替代部分化肥处理较常规施肥处理增加土壤有机肥含量2.37%~7.38%;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加1.07%~11.39%、10.65%~37.83%、6.04%~14.68%,30%HF与处理40%HF分别较CF处理显著增产16.91%与17.65%。【结论】腐殖酸有机肥替代不同比例化肥较常规施用化肥可以显著提升土壤养分含量,提高甜菜植株养分吸收量,增加甜菜干物质积累量、减施化肥、培肥土壤、增加产量,其中有机肥替代30%化肥处理增产与培肥地力的效果较优。

不同施肥方法对香蕉园土壤条件和香蕉产量及品质的影响

为了探究不同施肥方式对香蕉园土壤环境条件、香蕉产量及果实品质的影响差异,筛选香蕉园较佳的施肥方式,为香蕉园合理施肥提供参考。以当地常规施肥(仅施化肥)为对照,设置增施生物有机肥、复合微生物肥和鸽子粪肥等处理,在广州市增城区永宁街道永和简村开展为期2年的香蕉大田试验,分析比较不同施肥方式对香蕉园土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物群落结构,及香蕉产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,增施生物有机肥、复合微生物肥和鸽子粪肥处理均显著增加香蕉园土壤有机质含量,以增施生物有机肥处理效果最为明显,分别较对照和增施鸽子粪肥处理增加46.51%和18.23%,处理间差异显著;增施生物有机肥处理的有效磷、总氮、碱解氮含量及pH值也最高。土壤酶活性方面,3个增施肥处理均增加α-葡萄糖苷酶、中性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性,3个处理间差异不显著,增施生物有机肥处理的多酚氧化酶显著降低,而纤维素酶则显著增加。增施复合微生物肥处理改变土壤细菌群落结构,增加变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度,而增施生物有机肥处理则提升细菌群落丰度。3个增施肥处理均显著增加香蕉产量和产值,提高果实可溶性糖和维生素C含量,降低硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,以增施生物有机肥处理效果最为明显,较对照产量增加754 kg/667 m^(2),纯收益增加1248元/667 m^(2),施肥产投比达到5.8∶1。说明香蕉园增施生物有机肥、复合微生物肥和鸽子粪肥均可增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤酶活性,改变土壤微生物菌落结构及丰度,并显著提高香蕉产量,改善果实品质,以增施生物有机肥效果最佳。

甜菜品种间氮效率差异及其对产质量的影响

【目的】研究不同类型甜菜品种氮素吸收利用差异及其与产质量的关系,以期为生产上氮肥精准施用奠定基础。【方法】采用大田试验方法,以丰产型(‘HI1003’)、标准型(‘IM1162’和‘SX1511’)和高糖型(‘KWS1197’)甜菜品种为试验材料,设置N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、N_(75)(75 kg/hm^(2))和N_(225)(225 kg/hm^(2))施氮处理,测定甜菜不同生育时期干物质量分配、根冠比、氮积累与分配、氮效率和产质量指标。【结果】(1)甜菜生育期氮素吸收利用特征呈单峰曲线变化趋势,在8月9日达到高峰;(2)8月份块根及糖分增长期,N_(0)和N_(75)处理下,丰产和高糖型品种地上部干物质分配较标准型品种增加4.57%~36.77%,标准型品种根冠比变化幅度低于高糖和丰产型品种;(3)N_(75)处理下,高糖型品种收获期氮肥利用率最高,较标准型品种‘SX1511’和‘IM1162’分别增加58.44%和71.26%;N_(225)处理下,氮肥利用率和产量是丰产型品种最高,其产量较标准型品种‘IM1162’和‘SX1511’分别增加10.31%和14.06%。【结论】块根及糖分增长期是氮素调控产质量的关键时期,在该时期进行氮素调控,在发挥品种氮素吸收利用最大效率的同时可实现丰产或高含糖的目标。

3种有机物料对石灰性黑钙土及甜菜产量与品质的影响

通过研究不同有机物料对石灰性黑钙土培肥效果、甜菜产量与品质的影响,以期为在土壤培肥过程中科学选用有机物料提供理论依据。试验在田间条件下,以石灰性黑钙土栽甜菜品种H809为试验材料,设置化肥(CK)、生物有机肥(T1)、腐植化木耳菌渣(T2)、生物炭(T3)4个处理,研究了不同有机物料对耕层土壤物理性质、土壤酶活性、有机碳含量与分配及甜菜产量品质的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤容重T2和T3较CK相比显著降低了10.63%~19.02%,土壤含水量与孔隙度分别显著提高12.77%~20.74%与11.78%~21.07%;<0.25mm粒级土壤水稳性团聚体的含量各培肥处理较CK显著降低7.88%~23.29%,T1与T2处理土壤平均质量直径(MWD)、>0.25mm粒级土壤水稳性团聚体含量(R_(0.25))较CK显著增加;(2)T1、T2、T3总有机碳含量较CK提高5.17%~11.79%,各处理<0.25mm粒级土壤水稳性团聚体有机碳贡献率较CK显著降低;(3)各培肥处理蔗糖酶活性较CK显著提高30.25%~52.42%,T1与T2脲酶活性较CK显著提高27.18%~66.60%,T2与T3碱性磷酸酶活性较CK显著提高5.32%~6.11%,各培肥处理对过氧化氢酶活性无显著影响;(4)T2产量与产糖量分别较CK显著提高12.08%和13.44%。综合分析认为,腐植化木耳菌渣有机物料替代化肥可有效改善当季耕层土壤物理性质、总有机碳含量与各粒级有机碳贡献率、土壤酶活性,显著提高了甜菜产量和产糖量。

不同品种甜高粱在广东种植的饲用价值研究

研究旨在筛选适宜在广东种植且饲用价值较高的甜高粱品种,对比分析了甜高粱大力士、绿巨人、德胜、B6及高丹草的农艺性状与营养价值。结果显示,参试的5个品种干物质产量范围为4.28~20.35 t/hm^(2),其中B6干物质产量最高。B6的粗蛋白产量为1.14 t/hm^(2),显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。高丹草的相对饲用价值为90.64,显著高于其余品种(P<0.05)。B6的水溶性碳水化合物含量较高,为16.17%DM,无氮浸出物含量最高。研究表明,综合考虑农艺性状、营养成分、糖分组成等,B6更适合在广东种植。

改性TiO_(2)-太阳光协同强化秸秆产糖的研究

为了强化生物质能源的清洁利用,提高生物质糖转化率,合成了L-缬氨酸改性二氧化钛复合催化剂;随后以稻草秸秆为原料,木质素去除率与还原糖产量为目标,通过改性二氧化钛-太阳光协同预处理强化秸秆酶解糖化效率。过程中考察了催化剂种类、浓度、pH、太阳光光照时间以及光照方式对秸秆还原糖转化率的影响。在单因素试验基础上,对工艺参数进行了正交试验优化。SEM与FT-IR分析结果显示,L-缬氨酸成功负载于二氧化钛颗粒上;形成的复合催化剂联合太阳光辐照可有效强化秸秆还原糖转化率。综合考虑经济性因素,最终方案选择催化剂浓度为35 mg/L、pH为6.0、预处理时间70 min。验证试验显示,木质素去除率可达93.1%。预处理后,酶解糖化过程采用光暗交替循环方案,酶载量20 FPU/g,其还原糖转化率可达117.3 mg/g,还原糖转化率非常显著。

盛花期疏花对蓝莓结果及果实性状的影响

为探索不同人工疏花比例情况对蓝莓结果及果实性状的影响,本研究将兔眼蓝莓以5种不同的疏花比例(0%、15%、30%、45%、60%)进行疏花,通过座果率、单果重、产量比系数、果实直径、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比等指标情况来反映蓝莓结果及果实性状的变化情况。结果表明,相比于对照组,人工疏花能显著提高兔眼蓝莓的座果率,当疏花比例≥30%时,座果率分别达到了94.82%、96.28%和96.37%;疏花比例为45%和60%时,能显著提高蓝莓果实直径,提高幅度为10.49%和12.63%;疏花比例≥30%时,能显著提高蓝莓单果重,提高幅度分别为25.13%、29.2%和41.51%;疏花比例为30%时,蓝莓可溶性固形物含量显著高于其它处理组;疏花处理对蓝莓酸含量的影响不明显;当疏花比例为45%和60%时,可显著提高蓝莓的可溶性糖含量;疏花比例为60%时,糖酸比显著高于其它处理组;疏花比例在15%和30%时,蓝莓的产量比为1.07和1.03,疏花比例在45%和60%时,产量比显著降低,为0.85和0.68。盛花期人工疏花对兔眼蓝莓的结果和果实性状具有积极作用,高疏花比例影响蓝莓产量,不适合作为蓝莓生产的疏花比例,适合用于兔眼蓝莓的疏花比例为30%。