Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by sch...Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multistage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume(TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.Results Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places.The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively(r = 0.999 and-0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL(r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children’s iodine nutrition status.Conclusion Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the safety of lamivudine(LAM) treatment for chronic hepatitis B in early pregnancy.METHODS:A total of 92 pregnant women who received LAM treatment either before pregnancy or in early pregnancy were enr...AIM:To evaluate the safety of lamivudine(LAM) treatment for chronic hepatitis B in early pregnancy.METHODS:A total of 92 pregnant women who received LAM treatment either before pregnancy or in early pregnancy were enrolled in this study.All of the pregnant women volunteered to take lamivudine during pregnancy and were not co-infected with hepatitis C virus,human immunodeficiency virus,cytomegalovirus,or other viruses.All infants received passiveactive immunoprophylaxis with 200 IU hepatitis B immunoglobulin and three doses of 10 μg hepatitis B vaccines(0-1-6 mo) according to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Adverse events were observed throughout the entire pregnancy and perinatal period,and the effectiveness of lamivudine treatment for blocking mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) was evaluated.All adverse events in mothers and infants during pregnancy and the perinatal period and the HBV motherto-infant transmission blocking rate were compared with the literature.RESULTS:Among the 92 pregnant women,spontaneous abortions occurred in 11 cases,while 3 mothers had a second pregnancy after the initial abortion;72 mothers delivered 73 live infants,of whom 68 infants were followed up for no less than 6 mo,and 12 mothers were still pregnant.During pregnancy,the main maternal adverse events were vaginitis(12/72,16.7%),spontaneous abortion(11/95,11.6%),and gestational diabetes(6/72,8.3%);only one case had 1-2 degree elevation of the creatine kinase level(195 U/L).During the perinatal period,the main maternal adverse events were premature rupture of the membranes(8/72,11.1%),preterm delivery(5/72,6.9%),and meconium staining of the amniotic fluid(4/72,5.6%).In addition,2 infants were found to have congenital abnormalities;1 had a scalp hemangioma that did not change in size until 7 mo,and the other had early cerebral palsy,but with rehabilitation training,the infant's motor functions became totally normal at 2 years of age.The incidence of adverse events among the mothers or abnormalities in the infants was not higher than that of normal mothers or HBV-infected mothers who did not receive lamivudine treatment.In only 2 cases,mother-to-infant transmission blocking failed;the blocking rate was 97.1%(66/68),which was higher than has been previously reported.CONCLUSION:Lamivudine treatment is safe for chronic HBV-infected pregnant mothers and their fetuses with a gestational age of less than 12 wk or throughout the entire pregnancy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Fund[No.81773370]the 2019 China Hygiene and Health Standard Project[No.20190502]。
文摘Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multistage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume(TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.Results Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places.The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively(r = 0.999 and-0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL(r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children’s iodine nutrition status.Conclusion Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the safety of lamivudine(LAM) treatment for chronic hepatitis B in early pregnancy.METHODS:A total of 92 pregnant women who received LAM treatment either before pregnancy or in early pregnancy were enrolled in this study.All of the pregnant women volunteered to take lamivudine during pregnancy and were not co-infected with hepatitis C virus,human immunodeficiency virus,cytomegalovirus,or other viruses.All infants received passiveactive immunoprophylaxis with 200 IU hepatitis B immunoglobulin and three doses of 10 μg hepatitis B vaccines(0-1-6 mo) according to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Adverse events were observed throughout the entire pregnancy and perinatal period,and the effectiveness of lamivudine treatment for blocking mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) was evaluated.All adverse events in mothers and infants during pregnancy and the perinatal period and the HBV motherto-infant transmission blocking rate were compared with the literature.RESULTS:Among the 92 pregnant women,spontaneous abortions occurred in 11 cases,while 3 mothers had a second pregnancy after the initial abortion;72 mothers delivered 73 live infants,of whom 68 infants were followed up for no less than 6 mo,and 12 mothers were still pregnant.During pregnancy,the main maternal adverse events were vaginitis(12/72,16.7%),spontaneous abortion(11/95,11.6%),and gestational diabetes(6/72,8.3%);only one case had 1-2 degree elevation of the creatine kinase level(195 U/L).During the perinatal period,the main maternal adverse events were premature rupture of the membranes(8/72,11.1%),preterm delivery(5/72,6.9%),and meconium staining of the amniotic fluid(4/72,5.6%).In addition,2 infants were found to have congenital abnormalities;1 had a scalp hemangioma that did not change in size until 7 mo,and the other had early cerebral palsy,but with rehabilitation training,the infant's motor functions became totally normal at 2 years of age.The incidence of adverse events among the mothers or abnormalities in the infants was not higher than that of normal mothers or HBV-infected mothers who did not receive lamivudine treatment.In only 2 cases,mother-to-infant transmission blocking failed;the blocking rate was 97.1%(66/68),which was higher than has been previously reported.CONCLUSION:Lamivudine treatment is safe for chronic HBV-infected pregnant mothers and their fetuses with a gestational age of less than 12 wk or throughout the entire pregnancy.
