33 W quasi-continuous-wave narrow-band sodium D_(2a) laser by sum-frequency generation in LBO

We demonstrate an all-solid quasi-continuous-wave （QCW） narrow-band source tunable to sodium D2a line at 589.159 nm. The source is based on sum-frequency mixing between lasers at 1064 nm and 1319 nm in a LBO crystal. The 1064 nm and 1319 nm lasers are produced from two diode side-pumped Nd：YAG master oscillator power amplifier （MOPA） laser systems, respectively. A 33 W output of 589 nm laser is obtained with beam quality factor M^2 = 1.25, frequency stability better than ±0.2 GHz and linewidth less than 0.44 GHz. A prototype 589 nm laser system is assembled, and a sodium laser guided star has been successfully observed in the field test.

Coherent 420 nm laser beam generated by four-wave mixing in Rb vapor with a single continuous-wave laser

We demonstrate the generation of the coherent 420 nm laser via parametric four-wave mixing process in Rb vapor.A single 778 nm laser with circular polarization is directly injected into a high-density atomic vapor,which drives the atoms from the 5S1/2 state to the 5D5/2 state with monochromatic two-photon transition.The frequency up-conversion laser is generated by the parametric four-wave mixing process under the phase matching condition.This coherent laser is firstly certified by the knife-edge method and a narrow range grating spectrometer.Then the generated laser power is investigated in terms of the power and frequency of the incoming beam as well as the density of the atoms.Finally,a 420 nm coherent laser with power of 19μW and beam quality of Mx^2=1.32,My^2=1.37 is obtained with optimal experimental parameters.This novel laser shows potential prospects in the measurement of material properties,information storage,and underwater optical communication.

HARMONIC MIXING EXPERIMENTS BETWEEN OPTICALLY PUMPED CH2F2 LASER AND MICROWAVE RADIATIONS

We have been observed the frequency difference signal between higher order harmonic of 4 mm microwave oscillating source and CH2F2 FIR laser.In three experiments,the frequencies of Gunn oscillators are 93.16 GHz,73.54 GHz and 73.9 GHz,and their harmonic orders are 15th,19th amd 22th,the laser frequency are 1.397 THz(former twin)and 1.626 THz(latter one),and frequency difference signal-noise ratio are better than 20dB.

Laser self-mixing interference fibre sensor

Fibre sensors exhibit a number of advantages over other sensors such as high sensitivity, electric insulation, corrosion resistance, interference rejection and so on. And laser self-mixing interference can accurately detect the phase difference of feedback light. In this paper, a novel laser self-mixing interference fibre sensor that combines the advantages of fibre sensors with those of laser self-mixing interference is presented. Experimental configurations are set up to study the relationship between laser power output and phase of laser feedback light when the fibre trembles or when the fibre is stretched or pressed. The theoretical analysis of pressure sensors based on laser self-mixing interference is indicated to accord with the experimental results.

J-mixing Effect of the Crystal-field on the Spectroscopic Characteristics of Rare-earth Doped Laser Crystals

By using the re-derived formulae for both line-strength of electricdipole transition and simple J-mixing coefficients within the 4f shell in a rare-earthion, the spectroscopic properties of the luminescent material Eu3+ =Y2O3 and laser crystals Tb3+:=YAlO3 and Nd3+:YVO4, are investigated in detail. On the basis of three fitting Ω parameters and the effective reduced matrix elements, the spectral linestrengths, spontaneous emission probabilities, fluorescent branching ratios and lifetimeare calculated. The better agreement between theoretical results and experimental dataindicates the importance of J-mixing in the spectroscopic study of laser crystals.

A Self-Mixing Microvibration Measurement System of a π-Phase Shifted DFB Fiber Laser

Recently, with the rapid development of precision machining, microvibration measurement is required for the manufacturing and installation of parts and components. In this paper, a self-mixing microvibration measurement system of a π-phase shifted Distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser is introduced. An all-fiberized configuration Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped DFB fiber laser was used as light source, in which an active π-phase shifted fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was wrote on Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped fiber. Using this, it can easily get a single-mode lasing with narrow linewidth. Experimental results demonstrate that the amplitude of vibration can be achieved down to λ/5 without any modulation parts while utilizing the reflecting mirror. It is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis and very helpful in proving sensitivity and stability of the measurement system. In addition, remote vibration measurement with a distance of 20 km is also realized with this system.

In-situ powder mixing for laser-based directed energy deposition of functionally graded materials

The mixing of powders is a highly relevant field under additive manufacturing,however,it has attracted limited interest to date.The in-situ mixing of various powders remains a significant challenge.This paper proposes a new method utilizing a static mixer for the in-situ mixing of multiple powders through the laser-based directed energy deposition(DED)of functionally graded materials.Firstly,a powder-mixing experimental platform was established;WC and 316L powders were selected for the mixing experiments.Secondly,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and image processing were used to visually evaluate the homogeneity and proportion of the in-situ mixed powder.Furthermore,powder-mixing simulations were conducted to determine the powder-mixing mechanism.In the simulations,a powder carrier gas flow field and particle mixing were employed.Finally,a WC/316L metal matrix composite sample was produced using laser-based DED to verify the application potential of the static mixer.It was found that the static mixer could adjust the powder ratio online,and a response time of 1–2 s should be considered when adjusting the ratio of the mixed powder.A feasible approach for in-situ powder mixing for laser-based DED was demonstrated and investigated,creating the basis for functionally graded materials.

Automated tree detection and crown delineation using airborne laser scanner data in heterogeneous East-Central Europe forest with different species mix

Identifying tree locations is a basic step in the derivation of other tree parameters using remote sensing techniques, particularly when using airborne laser scanning. There are several techniques for identifying tree positions. In this paper, we present a raster-based method for determining tree position and delineating crown coverage. We collected data from nine research plots that supported different mixes of species. We applied a raster-based method to raster layers with six different spatial resolutions and used terrestrial measurement data as reference data. Tree identification at a spatial resolution of 1.5 m was demonstrated to be the most accurate, with an average identification ratio (IR) of 95% and average detection ratio of 68% being observed. At a higher spatial resolution of 0.5 m, IR was overestimated by more than 600%. At a lower spatial resolution of 3 m, IR was underestimated at less than 44% of terrestrial measurements. The inventory process was timed to enable evaluation of the time efficiency of automatic methods.

Preparation of Ga_2O_3 thin film solar-blind photodetectors based on mixed-phase structure by pulsed laser deposition

Gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3) thin films were deposited on a-Al2O3(1120) substrates by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) with different oxygen pressures at 650?C. By reducing the oxygen pressure, mixed-phase Ga_2O_3 films with α and β phases can be obtained, and on the basis of this, mixed-phase Ga_2O_3 thin film solar-blind photodetectors(SBPDs) were prepared.Comparing the responsivities of the mixed-phase Ga_2O_3 SBPDs and the single β-Ga_2O_3 SBPDs at a bias voltage of 25 V,it is found that the former has a maximum responsivity of approximately 12 A/W, which is approximately two orders of magnitude larger than that of the latter. This result shows that the mixed-phase structure of Ga_2O_3 thin films can be used to prepare high-responsivity SBPDs. Moreover, the cause of this phenomenon was investigated, which will provide a feasible way to improve the responsivity of Ga_2O_3 thin film SBPDs.

Nearly Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor-doped Glasses

This paper presents the nearly degenerate four wave mixing properties of glass doped with semiconductor CdS x Se 1-x ,nonlinear response time of the material obtained by the laser induced transient grating technique,and properties of photoluminescence of the glass and the blue shift in the luminescence spectra with an increasing intensity of input beam as well. The nonlinearity of the material is believed to be due to the band filling in semiconductor microcrystallites.

Mixed Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatographic Analysis of Colistin, Polypeptide Antibiotic, Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection

The main goal of this work was to quantify the detection of colistin at low levels in urine samples through the practical application of mixed surfactant micellar electrokinetic chromatography–laser-induced fluorescence (MEKC-LIF) analysis method using its advantage of sensitivity and to examine direct injection of biological samples. Colistin (po- lymyxin E) has neither strong UV chromophore nor fluorophore. So, its assay for metabolism, pharmacokinetics studies for bioavailability and bioequivalence are difficult because of poor detectability. Therefore an enhanced UV or fluores-cence detection by chemical derivatization is required. MEKC-LIF method was proposed for colistin with a 488/520 nm argon-ion laser using a pre-CE derivatization with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Borate buffer was used as background buffer (BGB). The different parameters affecting the proposed derivatization reaction including concentration of the derivatizing reagent, reaction time and temperature were studied and optimized. The derivative was stable for up to 3 days. Different micelles (TX-100 and SDS) were examined as BGB additives separately but negative-charged mixed micelles (SDS/TX-100) were shown to be the best additive to BGB for the analysis of colistin particularly in human urine as they enhance both selectivity and sensitivity of the proposed method. BGB was used with pH 9.5, 10 kV, 8 s inj time, capillary length 75 cm × 75 μm ID (66 cm effective length), detection was LIF Ex 488 nm;Em 520 nm. The method was applied to colistin analysis in human urine and the recovery was > 98% (n = 5). LOD and LOQ in urine after pre-column derivatization using FITC were 100 and 250 ng/ml, respectively. Urine samples were analysed by direct injection without sample pre-treatment. The mechanism of enhancement of fluorescence of the derivative by surfactant was proposed.

某自由电子激光装置空调系统设计

介绍了某自由电子激光装置的空调系统设计,主要包括冷热源系统和空气处理系统等。针对项目中5个工作井基地分散布置的特点,采用了按基地分别设置冷热源系统的方案。为了满足波荡器隧道±0.1℃的高精度温度控制要求,分析了影响温度控制精度的各种干扰因素并找到了关键的影响因素,据此设计了一套带混水功能的高精度温度控制空调系统。针对科学装置提出的150 nm微振动要求,提出了空调设备振动控制措施。

激光回馈精密测量技术及应用

介绍了激光回馈干涉的理论模型,阐述了激光回馈测量灵敏度高、装置结构简单、可自准直、能够对非合作目标进行精密测量的技术特点。分析了激光回馈测量相较传统干涉测量的优势,探讨了激光回馈测量技术在工业和科研领域中的应用方向,包括位移、角度、振动、绝对距离测量等,指出利用频率复用、偏振复用、(准)共路等技术可提高回馈测量的实际应用性能。最后展望了激光回馈技术的发展前景,为推动回馈技术的广泛应用提供借鉴。

纳秒可见光全固态拉曼激光器的研究进展

纳秒脉冲可见波段激光在遥感、相干雷达系统、精密加工、激光清洗、液态染料激光器泵浦等领域广泛应用,全固态激光器以其结构紧凑、占用空间小、成本低、寿命长等特点备受青睐。近年来,纳秒可见光全固态激光器发展迅速,本文简述了传统激光二极管泵浦掺Nd ^(3+)、Yb ^(3+)等稀土离子晶体输出近红外光的二阶非线性频率变换产生纳秒脉冲可见光固体激光器的技术水平。从非线性频率变换角度介绍了几种出光波段丰富的纳秒脉冲可见光全固态拉曼激光器的技术特点,重点介绍了拉曼频移、拉曼混频和金刚石拉曼,对其性能特点和技术瓶颈进行了综述,并在最后做了总结和展望。

正弦相位调制的固体激光自混合干涉振动测量

基于正弦相位调制的激光自混合干涉技术,实现了扬声器表面、白纸等粗糙表面微小振动的精密测量。选用532nm固体激光器作为激光光源,基于电光调制器实现激光的正弦相位调制,相应的调制频率为251kHz。通过混频器/滤波器电路,从正弦相位调制的自混合干涉光学条纹中分别提取由位移变化导致的高信噪比正弦和余弦函数激光功率振荡信号,并进一步获得由于位移变化导致的激光相位变化。因此,可以从激光的相位变化中高效率计算出外部目标的振动与位移。通过与一精度为50nm的精密位移平台进行对比测量,两种仪器的测量结果吻合良好,实验验证了本文中激光自混合干涉仪的性能。文章的新技术可以为高精度低频微振动、微位移测量提供可靠的技术支持。

不同延时条件下基于激光诱导击穿光谱的烧结混合料定量检测

烧结混合料是烧结工艺中极为重要的一环,其成分检测的准确性直接影响烧结过程,激光诱导击穿光谱技术通过激光光谱分析烧结混合料中的元素成分和含量,实时性好,但定量检测效果相比于其他实验室方法仍有差距。研发了一套遥测激光诱导击穿光谱装置,并应用于烧结混合料成分检测,采用PLSR与PCA相结合的方法对烧结混合料中TFe,CaO,SiO_(2),MgO进行定量检测。通过对1.28μs和5μs不同延时的光谱数据计算发现,不同物质在不同探测延时条件下R_(2)有着明显差异,对于SiO_(2)和MgO这两种浓度相对较低的物质,采用较小的1.28μs探测延时,R_(2)分别达到了0.937和0.985,而浓度相对较高的TFe,CaO则采用更大的5μs探测延时效果更好,较采用1.28μs延时,TFe定量结果的R^(2)从0.903提高到0.987,CaO的R^(2)也从0.816提高到0.980。针对不同物质采用不同探测延时的方法显著提高了检测准确性,简化了检测流程,对烧结工艺起到指导作用。

基于激光自混合干涉技术实现微小振动测量的研究

提出搭建新型激光自混合干涉系统,利用激光自混合干涉效应,选用窄线宽低噪声线偏振固体激光器作为光源,增加EOM电光调制晶体,引入电光正交调制解调算法。实验和理论分析表明,激光自混合干涉能够实现弱反馈下的振动测量,且新搭建的自混合系统结构简单,操作方便,易实现小型化;电光正交调制解调算法解决了反解卷的跃变点迁移问题,提高了信号处理速度和测量的实时性。因此电光调制解调的激光自混合干涉仪,能够克服靶镜对于干涉仪应用场景的限制,实现非合作表面微小振动的纳米级高精度的实时测量。

Experimental Study of Fuel-Air Mixing and Dilution Jets on Outlet Temperature Distribution in a Small Gas Turbine Combustor

Experimental analysis was conducted to study the impact of fuel-air mixing and dilution jet on the temperature distribution in a small gas turbine combustor using various optical diagnostic techniques.The strength and velocity of the swirler at the venturi exit were adjusted to modify the fuel-air mixture,which is presumed to dominate the heat release of the main combustion zone.Additionally,the dilution hole configuration,including the number and size of the holes,was varied to investigate the dilution effect on outlet temperature distribution.Various optical diagnostic techniques,such as particle image velocimetry,planar Mie scattering,and OH~*chemiluminescence,were used to measure the flow field,fuel spray distribution,and flame structure,respectively.A reduction in swirling strength led to a decrease in the average flow rate in the throat,which improved the structure and symmetry of the axial vortex system in the sleeve,enhanced the mixing of fuel and gas in the dome swirling air,and ultimately,improved the temperature uniformity of the heat release zone.Compared to larger and sparse dilution jets,smaller and dense dilution jets tended to generate hot spots shifted towards the radial middle area.

A novel method of utilizing static mixer to obtain mixing homogeneity of multi-species powders in laser metal deposition

Real-time mixing of multi-species powder challenges Laser Metal Deposition(LMD)of Functionally Graded Materials(FGMs).The current work proposes a novel method of using a static mixer to realize rapid,uniform multi-species powder mixing.Firstly,copper powder and 316L stainless steel powder are selected to complete the powder mixing observation experiment with Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS).Secondly,computational fluid dynamics and particle mixing simulation models are used to analyze the flow field and particle motion characteristics in the static mixer.Finally,LMD experiment and metallo-graphic observation are carried out with 316L stainless steel powder and WC powder to verify the feasibility of the static mixer.This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for powder mixing in laser processing with a static mixer.The conclusions can also be applied to other processing fields requiring real-time and uniform mixing of multi-species powders.

基于MSIWOA算法的SLS聚酰胺制件工艺参数优化

以聚酰胺粉末为实验材料,以力学性能为评价目标,研究了激光功率、扫描间距、摆放角度及他们两两交互作用对选择性激光烧结(SLS)制件抗拉强度的影响,通过扫描电镜观察断口形貌揭示了工艺参数对制件成型的影响机理,通过响应面设计得到了工艺参数与抗拉强度间的回归方程,分析了模型的有效性与准确性。以回归方程为目标函数,使用混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化(MSIWOA)算法进行SLS制件抗拉强度的优化,得到最优工艺参数,并与鲸鱼优化(WOA)算法的优化结果及实验验证结果进行比对。结果表明,MSIWOA算法对SLS聚酰胺制件工艺参数的优化具有较高的准确性和较好的可行性,可为SLS制件力学性能的提升提供技术方法。