Differences in physiological and biochemical responses to summer drought of Pinus nigra subsp.pallasiana and Pinus brutia in a natural mixed stand

Understanding how tree species respond to drought in their natural environment is needed to predict forest adaptation and management practices under global environmental changes.This study was carried out to determine and compare physiological and biochemical responses to variations in environmental conditions during summer drought of mixed natural stands of Pinus nigra Arn.subsp.pallasiana(Lamb.)Holmboe and Pinus brutia Ten.Midday xylem water potential(ψmd),water relations,photosynthetic pigments,total soluble sugar and proline contents were investigated during the growing season.ψmd followed a similar seasonal trend in both species but P.nigra subsp.pallasiana had higher ψmd than P.brutia.The ψmd gradually decreased from June,reached its lowest value in August,and then increased again.Gradual decreases in the osmotic potential at turgor loss point(ψnTLP)were observed during the summer.Generally,ψnTLP was lower in P.brutia.Total soluble sugars decreased from April to June for P.brutia,then increased and stayed relatively constant August to October.Similar changes were found at lower values in P.nigra subsp.pallasiana.Prolin accumulation and photosynthetic pigments were higher in P.brutia.The results indicate that physiological and biochemical responses of both species against changing environmental conditions were in different degrees but followed similar trends.P.nigra subsp.pallasiana is more sensitive to summer drought than P.brutia in their natural environment.

Effects of spring Arctic sea ice on summer drought in the middle and high latitudes of Asia

本文分析了亚洲中高纬度地区(MHA)年际尺度夏季干旱的主模态时空变化特征,以及影响第一模态的主要影响因子和可能的物理过程.结果显示该区域夏季干旱第一模态主要呈现一个南北偶极性的分布.而影响MHA夏季干旱的主要影响因子为前春北极海冰.当春季斯瓦尔巴群岛附近海冰偏多,而巴伦支海-喀拉海海冰减少时,通过冰-气相互作用,使得MHA北部春季降水增加,雪深加厚,土壤湿度偏高,而南部则相反.然后这样的土壤湿度条件从春季持续到夏季,通过土壤湿度-大气反馈影响夏季MHA降水和温度变化,最终对夏季干旱主模态产生影响.

Study on the Strengths and Weaknesses of Agricultural Climate Resources during Summer Drought in Guizhou Province

In order to quantitatively assess the objective impact of light,heat and water agricultural climate resources on food crops during summer drought,this paper uses the assessment methods for light and temperature potential productivity,and light,temperature and water potential productivity of food crops,performs the comparative analysis of the difference between the food production potential and the average climate state during summer drought,and objectively analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of agricultural climate resources in Guizhou Province during summer drought. Studies show that under summer drought in Guizhou Province,the light and temperature potential productivity of rice and corn is generally about 10% higher than in normal climate years,and the strengths of light and heat resources are obvious; the light,temperature and water potential productivity of rice and corn is generally 30% to 40% lower than in normal climate years,and the weaknesses of water resources hamper the crop growth. Rational development and efficient use of water resources and good light and heat conditions for crops during drought,are more conducive to agricultural production.

DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF PERSISTENT DROUGHT/FLOOD EVENTS IN SUMMER OVER THE TWO-LAKE REGION OF CHINA

Based on the daily regional mean rainfall,the Z-index method is used to identify persistent flood and drought events lasting for at least 10 days over a region where Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake sit(referred to as the"two-lake region"hereafter).The National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)reanalysis data are then utilized to perform a preliminary diagnostic analysis on these events.The results indicate that the composite standardized geopotential height at 500 hPa presents two different meridional wave trains from north to south over the East Asian-Pacific region,i.e.,a"-+-"pattern for the droughts and a"+-+"pattern for the floods,respectively.The developing,maintaining and decaying phases in the drought and flood events are closely related to the intensity and location of a subtropical high and an extra-tropical blocking high.It is shown that the East Asian summer monsoon is strong(weak)with the occurrence of persistent drought(flood)events.Droughts(floods)are accompanied by a weak(strong)tropical convergent system and a strong(weak)subtropical convergent system.Furthermore,the persistent drought(flood)events are associated with a divergence(convergence)of vertically integrated water vapor flux.In the vertical profile of water vapor flux,divergence(convergence)in the mid-and lower-levels and convergence(divergence)in the higher levels are evident in the droughts(floods).Both the divergence in the droughts and the convergence in floods are strongest at 850 hPa.

Numerical Study of Ural Blocking High＇s Effect Upon Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and East China Flood and Drought

In terms of Kuo-Qian pesigma incorporated coordinate five-level primitive equation spheric band (70°N-30°S)model with the Ural high's effect introduced into it as initial and boundary conditions, study is made of the high's influence on Asian summer monsoon circulation and dryness / wetness of eastern China based on case contrast andcontrol experiments. Rusults show that as an excitation source, the blocking high produces a SE-NW stationarywavetrain with its upper-air atnicyclonic divergent circulation oust over a lower-level trough zone) precisely over themiddle to lower reaches of the Changjiang River, enhancing East Asian westerly jet, a situation that contributes toPerturbation growth, causing an additional secondary meridional circulation at the jet entrance, which intensifies theupdraft in the monsoon area. As such, the high's presence and its excited steady wavetrain represent the large-scalekey factors and acting mechanisms for the rainstorm over the Changjiang-Huaihe River catchment in the easternpart of the land.

Preyminary Investigations on the Global Summer Monsoonal Drought Mechanics and the Latitudinal Teleconnections

The question of possible teleconnections between the middle latitude general circulation and the Indian south-west monsoon was investigated in this paper. Within the framework of a simple model it was shown that there can exist such an interaction via the ultra-long Rossby waves.

Analysis on the Disastrous Weather of Serious Drought in Northwest Hunan in Summer and Autumn of 2009

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the disastrous weather of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009.[Method] According to the meteorological data in Zhangjiajie of Northwest Hunan during the drought period from June to September,2009,the disaster characteristics of continuous drought in summer and autumn were analyzed.Based on NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data,by using the climatic diagnostic method,the formation reason of serious drought was initially analyzed from the circulation characteristics in the middle and high latitudes,Western Pacific subtropical high,the abnormal characteristics of sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean and the tropical system activity.[Result] The characteristics of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009 were the quick developed speed,wide influence range,long duration,big disaster loss and long high temperature time.The influence range,duration and harm degree were rare to see in the history.During the arid period(June-September),the atmospheric circulation was abnormal.The polar vortex in the northern hemisphere was weak,and the center was by north.It was two-trough-one-ridge type in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The long-wave trough existed respectively near Balkhash Lake and from Sea of Okhotsk to the east coast in China.The long-wave ridge maintained from Lake Baikal to Central Asia and stabilized in 90°-110° E of Central Asia.From the middle dekad of June to the middle dekad of September,the westerly index increased.The zonal circulation was the main one in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The cold air in the high-latitude frontal zone spread eastward with the small-amplitude fluctuation form along the latitude circle direction,and was difficult to pass the westerly barrier near 45° N to reach the low latitude.Meanwhile,Western Pacific subtropical high jumped northward to control Jiangnan and South China for a long time.The down airflow was prevalent.It was hot and rainless.The drought developed quickly.The sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean started to rise in June,and it entered into El Nino state.When El Nino event of obvious temperature increasing started to appear in spring and summer,the plum rain amount was less in the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River in the year or next year.The probability was 80%.In El Nino year,the typhoon was less.In addition,for the influence of strong Western Pacific subtropical high,the landing pathway of typhoon was by east or south.The kind of typhoon had the small role for easing the drought in Northwest Hunan.[Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for improving the prediction level of short-term climate and the understanding of extreme climate event.

Drought and Waterlogging Characteristics during the Growth Period of Summer Maize in Luxi Plain Areas

In summer maize growth period,the water supply and demand ratio is regarded as the evaluation index of drought and waterlogging for the summer maize in Liaocheng City. Using GIS,statistics,agrometeorology and other methods,we analyze the precipitation during the summer maize growth period in Luxi Plains from 1961 to 2011. Through the calculation of drought and waterlogging index,it indicates that the disasters of drought and waterlogging frequently occur during the summer maize growth period,mainly affected by the drought; the frequency of occurrence of drought accounts for 80. 4%,that is,it is very prone to serious drought phenomenon,seriously affecting the normal growth and development of summer maize during the seedling period. With global warming,the industrial and domestic water demand is increasing year by year,so it is extremely difficult to increase the water diversion to solve the problem of water shortage for the growth of summer maize. Finally we put forth the following recommendations:( i) Selecting drought-resistant varieties,and improving the water resource use efficiency;( ii)Promoting the water and fertilizer coupling,sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation,micro-irrigation and other water-saving irrigation technologies,and improving the water use efficiency;( iii) Promoting the ditch,ridge and laminating cultivation technology,reducing the field evapotranspiration,keeping warming and conserving moisture,and saving water resources;( iv) Strengthening the construction of water conservancy facilities,so that it can be irrigated during drought and drained during waterlogging;( v) During dry season,timely organizing artificial rainfall operation,and increasing precipitation in arid areas to ease drought;( vi) Rationally exploiting the groundwater,and improving the underground water use efficiency.

Drought fluctuations based on dendrochronology since 1786 for the Lenglongling Mountains at the northwestern fringe of the East Asian summer monsoon region

The Lenglongling Mountains （LLM） located in northeastern part of the Tibet Plateau, belong to a marginal area of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and are sensitive to monsoon dynamics. Two tree-ring width chronologies developed from six sites of Picea crassifolia in the LLM were employed to study the regional drought variability. Correlation and temporal correlation analyses showed that relationships between the two chronologies and self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index （sc_PDSI） were significant and stable across time, demonstrating the strength of sc_PDSI in modeling drought conditions in this region. Based on the relationships, the mean sc_PDSI was reconstructed for the period from 1786 to 2013. Dry conditions prevailed during 1817-1819, 1829-1831, 1928-1931 and 1999-2001. Relatively wet periods were identified for 1792-1795 and 1954-1956. Spatial correlations with other fourteen precipitation/drought reconstructed series in previous studies revealed that in arid regions of Northwest China, long-term variability of moisture conditions was synchronous before the 1950s at a decadal scale （1791-1954）. In northwestern margin of the EASM, most of all selected reconstructions had better consistency in low-frequency variation, especially during dry periods, indicating similar regional moisture variations and analogous modes of climate forcing on tree growth in the region.

Transport of Water Vapor over North China during the Drought Period in Summer of 1980

The features of water vapor transport, such as temporal evolution, vertical structure and spatial pattern, over North China during the prolonged drought in the summer of 1980 have been analyzed through computation of water vapor flux based on the once daily ECMWF grid-point data at 12GMT. The results indicate that it is unlikely that the characteristics of the atmospheric mass divergence, ascending motion and stratification stability in North China were completely opposite to those in the Yangtze River Valley, where the heavy flood occurred in the summer of 1980. It is major differences that the strong ascending motion and significant water vapor convergence overlap fairly well each other in the vertical levels in the Yangtze River Valley, while the maximum ascending motion is accompanied by water vapor divergence or weak water vapor convergence in North China. This vertical structure in North China results in insufficient water vapor supply and, therefore, little condensation and precipitation in the middle and upper atmosphere were produced. Additionally, a mode of monthly-scale low frequency oscillation can be found in water vapor flux, which is in correspondence to the fluctuation period of rainfall.

DIAGNOSES OF THE SEVERE DROUGHT OVER YUNNAN AREA IN THE EARLY SUMMER OF 2005

High temperature and drought occurred in Yunnan province during the late spring and early summer in 2005, which was the most severe event in this region since 1950’s. Based on the observational data and relevant diagnoses, this extreme weather event was studied and discussed. The results show that the occurrence of this event could be due to the following observational facts that happened in 2005. (1) The seasonal adjustment of middle-high-leveled atmospheric circulation was delayed. (2) The cold air activity center was deviated north. (3) The onset of summer monsoon over South China Sea was delayed. (4) The tropical convection activity was much weaker than usual. (5) The subtropical high over the western Pacific was located southwestwards and relatively strong.

Discussion on the Causes of Drought in Summer in Alashan League in 2010

[Objective] The causes of drought in summer in Alashan League in 2010 were discussed. [Method] Through the discussion of climate background, circulation characteristics, subtropical high and ocean temperature of the severe drought in Alashan League in Inner Mongolia during the flooding time, the potential causes of drought in Alashan League in summer in 2010 were discussed. [Result] The circulation around Alashan League and surroundings in 850 hPa was weak. Especially the southerly was extremely weak and it restricted the transportation of southerly water vapor towards Inner Mongolia, which was one of the direct reasons of drought; the 500 hPa high pressure ridge controlled Alashan League, and resulted into long-term drought and lasting high temperature. The summer seasonal wind was weak and arrived land in Alashan League. The northwest pacific subtropical high was large and strong. Only when subtropical high was strong and merged as well as strengthened with high pressure ridge around middle and high latitude in the lower reaches 130°-140° E, can rain be generated. However, the latter condition was limited in summer in 2010. When the ocean temperature around 30°-50° N and 140°-150° E was low in the north and high in the south, there would be less rain in Alashan League. [Conclusion] The study provided relevant information and technological support for the drought disaster warning forecast, drought observation system, and disaster prevention and mitigation measures.

海温异常对长江流域夏季典型旱涝的影响研究

为研究长江流域夏季旱涝特征及其与海温异常之间的关联性,基于中国326个气象站降水量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,采用合成分析、EOF分解等方法,分析了长江流域夏季典型旱涝年的降水分布、同期大气环流及前期海温特征,并以2018年为例,初步揭示了2018年前期海温异常对大气环流的可能影响。结果表明:①长江流域夏季典型旱年,仅嘉陵江和岷沱江会表现出局部偏涝,全国为典型的Ⅰ类雨型,多雨区位于黄河流域及以北地区。前期冬季赤道太平洋表现出类拉尼娜的东冷西暖分布,同时黑潮区海温偏低,西风漂流区海温偏暖。受多海域协同作用,同期欧亚环流场上自西北向东南呈现出“+-+”三极型分布,东亚地区为自北向南“-+-”的EAP负位相。长江流域典型涝年,全国多为典型的Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类雨型,环流及海温呈现出相反特征。②2018年为典型的长江中下游偏旱年,仅在岷沱江降水偏多近3成,为历史第4多,与长江流域夏季降水的主模态正位相类似,解释方差达24%。③2018年前冬出现弱拉尼娜、春末夏初西风漂流区异常偏暖、NAT异常正位相,三者共同作用,使得东亚副热带西风急流偏北,东亚沿岸出现EAP负位相,大陆热低压明显偏强,东亚夏季风为1961年以来最强,同时副高脊线最北,造成夏季降水主雨带北推至华北、西北地区,岷沱江、嘉陵江异常多,而长江中下游异常少,为典型的Ⅰ类雨型。研究成果可为长江流域旱涝预测、水资源调度提供参考。

淮北平原不同时间尺度下的夏玉米干旱特征

【目的】在生长阶段和生长季内起始不定的10d尺度下,对淮北平原夏玉米的干旱时空特征进行研究,探索不同土层深度下的干旱规律,为夏季作物的抗旱灌溉提供更加科学合理的规划依据。【方法】基于干旱严重程度指数(DSI),将2010—2019年表土层(0~10cm)和根系主要分布层(0~50cm)的干旱状态进行分级,并利用M-K检验法和克里金空间插值法,在生长阶段和生长季内起始时间不定的10 d两种较小时间尺度下,对淮北平原夏玉米干旱的时间变化趋势和空间分布特征进行了分析。【结果】(1)自2016年生长季开始,砀山、蒙城、谯城站的干旱程度和频率显著升高,阜阳站干旱程度和频率都显著降低,而宿州站的干旱事件则集中在2010—2012、2019年生长季;与生长阶段尺度相比,部分干旱事件在生长季内起始不定的10 d尺度下的干旱程度更大,干旱频率也更高;(2)各个生长阶段的多年平均干旱指数最高的是播种—出苗期,达到了中旱以上,此生长阶段的干旱频率同时也最高,在40%以上;2种尺度下重旱以上的干旱事件常发生在北部砀山和中部蒙城、宿州区域;0~10 cm土层的干旱频率在西南部较高,0~50 cm土层的干旱频率则在东部和北部较高;(3)生长季内起始不定10 d尺度下,每个生长季干旱程度最高的时段其起始时间多数处于播种—出苗的早期,出苗—拔节的早期,拔节—抽雄的中期,且大都在重旱以上,少数发生在8月与9月。【结论】淮北平原夏玉米在2016年生长季之后有显著的干旱突变趋势,干旱程度和频率常常在播种—出苗期最高,相比于生长阶段时间尺度,在生长季内起始不定的10d尺度下会识别出更高的干旱程度,干旱频率也有所增大,同时能更确定严重干旱事件的发生时段。

干旱条件下淮北平原夏玉米根系水分来源研究

为探究干旱胁迫条件下淮北平原夏玉米生长期水分利用特征,分析农田降水-土壤水-作物水之间的转化规律。通过野外实验和室内分析,测定分析不同生长期内降水、土壤水、植物水、地下水的稳定氢氧同位素值。采用稳定氢氧同位素技术分析了各水体的同位素分布特征,利用直接对比法和多元线性混合模型法分析夏玉米对土壤水分的主要吸水深度及贡献率,进而研究其水分来源。结果表明,五道沟实验站夏季大气降水线方程为δD=7.26×δ^(18)O+3.11(R^(2)=0.98),其斜率和截距均小于全球大气降水线方程,表明降水在降落过程存在蒸发富集过程。土壤水氢氧同位素在垂直方向剖面呈现明显的梯度分布。干旱胁迫条件下,夏玉米拔节-抽雄期主要吸收0~20、20~40、40~60 cm处的土壤水,贡献率分别为21.8±13.6%、25.5±20%和25.1±18.2%;抽雄-灌浆期主要吸收0~20 cm处的土壤水,贡献率为68.6±3.6%;灌浆-成熟期主要吸收0~20 cm处的土壤水,贡献率为72.0±0.9%。夏玉米根系优先利用浅层土壤水,土壤水主要来自大气降水。地下水埋深较浅地区,干旱条件下夏玉米在整个生长期内根系吸水深度较浅,由此考虑生长期改变灌溉方式来提高灌溉水利用率。

河南省夏玉米不同生长阶段干旱风险分析

【目的】研究夏玉米各生长阶段的抗干旱风险,为预防夏玉米受干旱影响导致产量和品质下降,降低干旱造成的损失提供理论依据。【方法】本研究利用河南省16个气象站1981—2019年的逐日气象数据,以作物水分亏缺指数(CWDI)为评判指标,根据《北方夏玉米干旱等级》(QX/T 260—2015)对该地区玉米5个生长发育时期进行了干旱等级划分,分析各等级干旱发生的频率、干旱风险指数的时空分布规律。【结果】河南省夏玉米各生长阶段干旱发生总频率在豫北地区最高,其次是豫中和豫东。干旱发生总频率均在夏玉米抽雄—乳熟期最大,高达96%以上,且以中旱和特旱为主。不同等级干旱发生的频率具有差异性,但豫南地区各生长阶段各等级干旱发生的频率相对较低。在夏玉米播种—出苗、出苗—拔节期,河南省各地区干旱风险指数呈由南向北逐渐增加的空间分布特征;在拔节—抽雄、抽雄—乳熟和乳熟—成熟期,该指数基本在30以上。【结论】各地区夏玉米在拔节—抽雄、抽雄—乳熟和乳熟—成熟期干旱发生的风险均较高。夏玉米各个生长阶段干旱发生的风险均为豫北地区最高,豫南地区最低。应重点关注豫北地区的防旱减灾工作。

高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响

为探究不同生育期不同程度复合高温干旱胁迫对夏玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响,以夏玉米品种“登海685”为试验材料,于2022年6—9月在衡水农业气象试验站开展夏玉米高温干旱田间胁迫试验。在拔节—抽雄和抽雄—乳熟两个生育期分别进行试验。干旱处理设置为轻旱和重旱两个水平。通过增温箱分别在两个生育期进行高温处理,这样每个生育期有轻旱、轻旱高温、重旱、重旱高温四种胁迫处理,各处理有两个重复。此外设置全生育期增温无旱处理和对照组,共10个处理,对株高、叶面积、干物质重及产量构成要素进行观测。结果显示,夏玉米全生育期增温会增加株高和叶面积,但会降低干物质积累导致产量下降;夏玉米在拔节—抽雄和抽雄—乳熟期发生严重的干旱可显著降低株高,但干旱复合高温后影响程度变弱;两个时期发生高温复合干旱与单一干旱相比对玉米叶面积的降低程度更明显;两个时期发生高温干旱胁迫对玉米植株干物质的降低主要由果实干物质降低带来;这两个阶段高温干旱胁迫均会影响产量形成,但拔节—抽雄期干旱对产量形成的影响更大,而抽雄—乳熟期高温的影响更大。

淮北平原干旱胁迫对夏大豆土壤耗水量及产量的影响

为探究不同干旱水平在各生育期对夏大豆在砂姜黑土与黄潮土中的影响及差异,基于2022年五道沟实验站桶栽受旱试验,在夏大豆分枝期、花荚期、鼓粒成熟期通过水分控制,设置轻旱、中旱、重旱3个干旱水平与全生育期无旱对照(CK),分析各生育期不同干旱水平胁迫对夏大豆在两种土壤中耗水量、产量、水分利用效率(WUE)的影响及差异。结果表明:(1)两种土壤中夏大豆各生育阶段随干旱加重耗水量呈减小趋势,重旱减小最显著;砂姜黑土中耗水量各受旱组小于对照组,黄潮土除分枝期轻旱外耗水量均低于对照组,且耗水量减少水平除鼓粒成熟期轻旱均小于砂姜黑土。(2)两种土壤重旱对产量影响最强烈,鼓粒成熟期重旱减产最严重;黄潮土花荚期不同受旱水平减产率均低于砂姜黑土,分枝期各受旱组砂姜黑土减产率低于黄潮土。(3)两种土壤花荚期、鼓粒成熟期WUE随干旱程度加剧呈明显递减趋势,重旱影响下WUE减小明显,鼓粒成熟期重旱对WUE影响最严重;受旱减产水平在不同生育阶段存在差异,使得花荚期黄潮土各处理组WUE均高于砂姜黑土,分枝期黄潮土WUE均低于砂姜黑土。

四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区腋芽萌发期气象适宜度

以四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区为研究区,基于气象条件对腋芽萌发期再生稻生长发育的影响机理,采用结构方程模型探明了腋芽萌发的影响因素、影响路径及影响强度。进一步结合隶属函数和层次分析法,构建了再生稻腋芽萌发气象适宜度模型,并分析了1981—2021年研究区腋芽萌发期气象影响因素及气象适宜度的变化特征。结果表明:气温、空气湿度、降水是四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区腋芽萌发的关键影响因素,基于以上因素的气象适宜度模型能较好地评价再生稻腋芽萌发期的气象影响。1981—2021年研究区气温适宜度、空气湿度适宜度及综合气象适宜度均呈下降趋势,降水适宜度没有表现出明显的变化趋势。气温适宜度、空气湿度适宜度及综合气象适宜度总体呈“西高东低”的空间分布特征,降水适宜度则表现为“东西高、中部低”。1981—2021年研究区气温上升趋势与空气湿度下降趋势显著,导致致害高温(日平均气温≥32℃)积温和致害低湿(日平均相对湿度≤65%)日数明显增加,这是再生稻腋芽萌发期气象适宜度总体呈下降趋势的诱因。

基于降水距平百分率的驻马店市夏玉米主要生育期干旱风险分析

[目的]对作物生育期进行干旱风险分析,为有效进行干旱风险管理,实现作物高产稳产提供科学依据。[方法]本研究利用驻马店市1970-2019年7个代表站点的降水资料,结合夏玉米生育期,以降水距平百分率作为干旱指标,分析驻马店市夏玉米不同时段干旱时空特征及干旱风险。[结果]各站点各尺度夏玉米干旱以轻旱和中旱为主,占总干旱事件的86%~100%;而重旱和特旱的发生相对较少。从空间分布上看,南部地区的干旱发生强度和频率相对较小。从月尺度来看,驻马店市东北部的平舆站的夏玉米干旱风险最高,6月、7月、8月的干旱风险指数分别为31.20、19.44和27.36;南部的正阳站的夏玉米干旱风险最低,6月、7月、8月的干旱风险指数分别为19.04、15.60和15.60。从季节尺度来看,西北部的驻马店站的夏玉米干旱风险最高,干旱风险指数为18.72;南部的正阳站的夏玉米干旱风险最低,干旱风险指数为9.36。[结论]在实际生产中,应结合夏玉米的生长阶段及降水情况,重点关注北部及西部干旱风险较高区域的干旱防御工作,以减少干旱损失。