Limited water resources often result in reduced crop yield and low water productivity（WP）. In northwestern China, crop production is generally dependent on precipitation. Therefore, a variety of agricultural rainwat...Limited water resources often result in reduced crop yield and low water productivity（WP）. In northwestern China, crop production is generally dependent on precipitation. Therefore, a variety of agricultural rainwater harvesting（ARH） techniques have been used for conserving soil moisture, ameliorating soil environment, increasing crop yield, and improving water use efficiency. A two-year（2013–2015） field experiment was conducted under a typical sub-humid drought-prone climate in Yangling（108°24′E, 34°20′N; 521 m a.s.l.）, Shaanxi Province, China, to explore the effects of mulching（same for summer maize and winter wheat） on soil moisture, soil temperature, crop water consumption, and crop yield with a winter wheat/summer maize rotation. Crops were planted in a ridge-furrow pattern and the treatments consisted of a transparent film mulch over the ridges（M1）, a crop straw mulch in the furrows（M2）, a transparent film mulch over the ridges and a crop straw mulch in the furrows（M3）, a black film mulch over the ridges and a crop straw mulch in the furrows（M4）, and a control with no mulch（CK）. Results showed that M4 was the best treatment for improving soil water storage and content, and decreasing crop water consumption during the summer maize and winter wheat rotation. In both maize and wheat seasons, M1 had a higher soil temperature than M2 and CK, and M3 had a higher soil temperature than M4. In the maize seasons, M4 had the highest yield, WP, and precipitation productivity（PP）, with the average values for these parameters increasing by 30.9%, 39.0%, and 31.0%, respectively, compared to those in CK. In the wheat seasons, however, M3 had the highest yield, WP, and PP, with the average values for these parameters being 23.7%, 26.7%, and 23.8% higher, respectively, than those in CK. Annual yield（maize and wheat yields combined） and WP did not differ significantly between M3 and M4. These results suggested that M3 and M4 may thus be the optimal ARH practices for the production of winter wheat and summer maize, respectively, in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
【目的】保护性耕作有利于水土保持和提高土壤有机碳库,而对氮素氨挥发的影响并不是很清楚。研究长期定位试验下华北农田施肥后氨挥发发生规律,探索保护性耕作条件下的氮素利用率。【方法】采用间歇动态箱式法对翻耕、旋耕和免耕3种耕...【目的】保护性耕作有利于水土保持和提高土壤有机碳库,而对氮素氨挥发的影响并不是很清楚。研究长期定位试验下华北农田施肥后氨挥发发生规律,探索保护性耕作条件下的氮素利用率。【方法】采用间歇动态箱式法对翻耕、旋耕和免耕3种耕作方式下冬小麦-夏玉米农田氨挥发通量及其影响因素进行比较研究。【结果】相对于翻耕和旋耕处理,免耕显著促进了小麦季和玉米季地表追肥的氨挥发,但显著降低了小麦基肥期的氨挥发速率。翻耕、旋耕和免耕下小麦-玉米全生育期氨挥发损失量为15.8、18.4和28.6 kg hm-2 a-1,分别占施肥量的4.9%、5.7%和8.8%。实验室培养分析表明,免耕和旋耕显著提高了表层(0—5 cm)土壤脲酶活性,加速尿素水解为NH4+,从而促进氨挥发。【结论】免耕条件下,肥料表施易发生氨挥发,采用一次性深施是减少免耕氨挥发的有效途径之一。展开更多
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503125, 201503105)the Chinese National High Technology Research and Development Program (2011AA100504)
文摘Limited water resources often result in reduced crop yield and low water productivity（WP）. In northwestern China, crop production is generally dependent on precipitation. Therefore, a variety of agricultural rainwater harvesting（ARH） techniques have been used for conserving soil moisture, ameliorating soil environment, increasing crop yield, and improving water use efficiency. A two-year（2013–2015） field experiment was conducted under a typical sub-humid drought-prone climate in Yangling（108°24′E, 34°20′N; 521 m a.s.l.）, Shaanxi Province, China, to explore the effects of mulching（same for summer maize and winter wheat） on soil moisture, soil temperature, crop water consumption, and crop yield with a winter wheat/summer maize rotation. Crops were planted in a ridge-furrow pattern and the treatments consisted of a transparent film mulch over the ridges（M1）, a crop straw mulch in the furrows（M2）, a transparent film mulch over the ridges and a crop straw mulch in the furrows（M3）, a black film mulch over the ridges and a crop straw mulch in the furrows（M4）, and a control with no mulch（CK）. Results showed that M4 was the best treatment for improving soil water storage and content, and decreasing crop water consumption during the summer maize and winter wheat rotation. In both maize and wheat seasons, M1 had a higher soil temperature than M2 and CK, and M3 had a higher soil temperature than M4. In the maize seasons, M4 had the highest yield, WP, and precipitation productivity（PP）, with the average values for these parameters increasing by 30.9%, 39.0%, and 31.0%, respectively, compared to those in CK. In the wheat seasons, however, M3 had the highest yield, WP, and PP, with the average values for these parameters being 23.7%, 26.7%, and 23.8% higher, respectively, than those in CK. Annual yield（maize and wheat yields combined） and WP did not differ significantly between M3 and M4. These results suggested that M3 and M4 may thus be the optimal ARH practices for the production of winter wheat and summer maize, respectively, in arid and semi-arid areas.
文摘【目的】保护性耕作有利于水土保持和提高土壤有机碳库,而对氮素氨挥发的影响并不是很清楚。研究长期定位试验下华北农田施肥后氨挥发发生规律,探索保护性耕作条件下的氮素利用率。【方法】采用间歇动态箱式法对翻耕、旋耕和免耕3种耕作方式下冬小麦-夏玉米农田氨挥发通量及其影响因素进行比较研究。【结果】相对于翻耕和旋耕处理,免耕显著促进了小麦季和玉米季地表追肥的氨挥发,但显著降低了小麦基肥期的氨挥发速率。翻耕、旋耕和免耕下小麦-玉米全生育期氨挥发损失量为15.8、18.4和28.6 kg hm-2 a-1,分别占施肥量的4.9%、5.7%和8.8%。实验室培养分析表明,免耕和旋耕显著提高了表层(0—5 cm)土壤脲酶活性,加速尿素水解为NH4+,从而促进氨挥发。【结论】免耕条件下,肥料表施易发生氨挥发,采用一次性深施是减少免耕氨挥发的有效途径之一。
