CONTEMPORARY CLIMATIC CHANGE OVER THE QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE GREEN-HOUSE EFFECT

The knowledge of contemporary climatic change over the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QXP) has been inadequate for a long time due to lack of enough observational data. In this paper, on the basis of monthly temperature and precipitation data in 1961-1990 from 48 stations on the QXP, the temperature data are extended backward to 1901 with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method, microscopic characteristics of contemporary climatic change over the QXP are analyzed, and the response of the plateau climate to global warming is discussed in combination with atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) outputs. The results show that the plateau climate, as a whole, has been warming since the early part of this century, that the precipitation has generally been increasing during the recent 30 years, and that these climatic trends seem to be related to the enhanced green house effect induced by increasing CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere.

Water-saving Technologies,Solar Green House and Ecological Rehabilitation in Minqin Oasis of Gansu Province,China

Land degradation and desertification have become severe environmental problems in arid areas due to excessive use of water resources. It is urgent to reduce agricultural water use for ecological rehabilitation, which may result in a decrease in agricultural production and farmer＇s welfare. This paper focused on the impacts of some main measures including extensions of watersaving irrigation, expanding solar green house and increasing off-farm employment, which are generally recognized to be important to alleviate water shortage and poverty. A bioconomic model is applied taking Minqin Oasis in Gansu Province as a case study site. Simulation results showed that the effect of expanding solar greenhouse was more positive than other ones so it drew more attention. On the view of the different effects between each irrigation zone, mixed policy patterns suitable for them are suggested. In Baqu, expanding solar greenhouse should be the most important, auxiliary with encouraging pipe irrigation. Inversely, with regard to Quanshan, the major attention should be paid to subsidy for pipe irrigation and it would be better to supply the off-farm employment opportunities to the households in Huqu, where the expanding of solar greenhouse should also be summoned. Finally, it should be noted that farmer＇s income would only resume to 90% of the current level in the short run by putting more effort into local policies. Thus, the ecological compensation is needed to ensure farmer＇s welfare.

A METROD PREDICTING RESPONSE OF SEDIMENT YIELD TO POSSIBIE CHANGE OF PRECIPITATION DUE TO GLOBAL GREENHOUSE WARMING:AN EXAMPIE FROM NORTH FRINGE OF THE LOESS PLATEAU, CHINA

Starting from the supposition of time-space substitution, the Langbein-Schumm's Law was applied to deal with response of fluvial erosion System to the changes in mean annual Precipitation induced by global green-house warming. As a result, a simple method was put forward to predict change in sediment yield, with Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in the northern fringe of the Loess Plateau of China as an example. Results show that, even the change in mean annual precipitation is the same, the direction and magnitude of the resultant chang in sediment yteld would be quite different in fferent physico-geographical zones. When mean annual precipitation is increased, sediment yield in arid or semi-arid areas with a mean anntal Peripitation of less than 400 mm will be increased, while sediment yield in sub-humid or humid areas with a mean annual precipitation of more than 400 mm will be decreased.Additionally, the complex response of fluvial erosion system in time series due to the lag of change in vegetation behind the changn in precipitation has also been qualitatively discussed in this paper.

指纹识别 Green House Pico Finger

Pico Finger是日本公司Green House推出的一款设计独特的USB装置。它特有的指纹识别功能。能够有效地保护U盘中的重要数据，尤其当那些未经授权者访问U盘时．这样的保护就显得更必要了。它拥有几个容量版本。从128MB到1GB。此外，它采用USB2．0接口，尺寸为77×22×9mm．重约17g。

Green House GH—HSW301 HDMI切换器

对应HDMI Ver1．3标准、Deep Color的HDMI切换器，具备3入1出的切换功能，支持1080p传输。附带有遥控功能，并且配备外接的遥控受信器，因此就算是将切换器放入平板电视的背后，也能方便进行遥控操作。

Green House GHV-PDV740便携式DVD机

Green House的这款GHV—PDV740，就拥有红、蓝和黑等3种外饰，供不同需求的用户选择。此外，它配备有7”、480×234像素的液晶屏，对应DVD、VCD和CD播放，并且兼容XviD、MP3等数据文件的播放，还附带USB端口。

Green House GH-KANAGTR MP3播放器

内置FM收音调谐功能和2GB闪存的MP3播放器，除了能对应MP3和WMA两种音频格式重播，还附带有7组均衡模式。此外，FM调频发送功能可以将播放器中的音乐以调频方式传送给车载收音机来重播。内置电池拥有最长7小时的续航时间，就算是以FM发送，也可维持4个小时。

Green House GHV—DV30HDLX摄像机

造型类似女士随身包，其实是款HDV摄像机，能对应1280x720 MPEG-4／H．264格式的摄录和500万像素数码照片的拍摄，内置3倍数码变焦．最大支持32GBSD卡扩展。

Design on rural eco-house in cold areas of Northern China

Many kinds of factors that influence rural housing construction in Northern China are analyzed systematically and the connections between them are weighed from ecology and sustainable angles, so that an optimized green house can be built. At the same time, the energy efficient envelope structure and the method of choosing insulation material in the cost of unit thermal resistance are proposed. Integrated quality evaluation by computer shows that thermal comfort in the house would be improved remarkably for the value of PPD drops from 35%-40% to 15%, the rate of saving energy is 51.73%, much higher than the third goal of saving energy in China, and the comprehensive ecological benefit achieves good effect so as to promote the sustainable development of rural housing and community in cold areas of Northern China.

Quantifying Embodied Energy Using Green Building Technologies under Affordable Housing Construction

The building construction industry is a major contributor of environmental pollution, with high levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which contribute to climate change. Housing is the single largest subsector of the construction industry. It is also a basic need associated with social and economic benefits, and its demand in most emerging economies is substantial. Hence it is a sector with significant potential not to mitigate just the negative impact of climate change on buildings and people, but also to reduce the impact of the construction industry on the natural environment. Green buildings technology has advanced greatly in recent years, but most “high performance” green buildings are capital intensive, often with high-tech applications that are not in easy reach of the mass housing market. In the developing country context, where huge segments of the population lack access to essential services or housing, the green buildings approach to addressing climate change is perceived to be largely unaffordable. For green technology to be adopted in poorer nations and have scalable impact, it will have to be low-cost and affordable. According to a 2010 report, buildings in the commercial, office and hospitality sectors are poised to grow at 8% annually over the next 10 years in India. While the retail sector has been growing rapidly at 8% per annum, the residential sector has seen growth of 5% per annum during this period. It is estimated that over 70 million New Urban Housing Units will be required over the next 20 Years.

Green Affordable Social Housing: A Survey-Based Passive Cooling Design, with Focus on Jakande Housing Estate in Lagos, Nigeria

With rising health risks escalating from temperatures in the Global South, the shortage of essential indoor cooling is frequently seen as a dimension of energy poverty and human wellbeing. As a result, this study assessed ventilation and passive cooling in Jakande, Lagos Housing estate to design social housing that integrates proper cross ventilation and cooling. A total of 1215 housing units in the estate were used for the sampling frame. Based on the survey, the authors proposed an analytical housing design equipped with urban greenery that allows for free air movement with minimal thermal discomfort. The design methodology aids continuous cooling within the housing envelope and also improves aesthetics and landscaping within the environment.

The Charm of Suzhou’s Traditional Folk Houses

JIANGNAN or regions south of the Yangtze River’s lower reaches, is an area with green hills and limpid waters. It has long been the epitome of natural beauty and fertility. Waterways are the main means of transportation here as the land is divided by canals into a checkerboard. Under these natural conditions, locals designed and built their houses in a unique way, the design of which gave rise to the Suzhou traditional folk house architectural style. The houses are usually not wide and have a deep interior. The layout and scale of each house varies, depending on the wealth of its owner. When seen from a distance, the cluster of houses presents an irregular beauty densely decorating the small areas of land in the region.

绿色模块化住宅设计——以T&A-House为例

当前,在大力倡导绿色发展的大背景下,发展绿色住宅是社会现阶段及未来的必然趋势,住宅的可持续性设计也成为当今设计的热点。文章首先阐述了绿色设计及模块化住宅的概念,并提出了绿色模块化住宅设计的意义,其次针对绿色设计及模块化住宅设计提出了相应的设计原则,最后通过设计理念和设计策略阐述了具体项目案例的应用。文章通过对住宅的建筑设计、建造及运行全生命周期的研究,来验证绿色设计的适用性和模块化住宅的可行性,以期为未来的装配式工业化住宅设计提供一定借鉴。

STATION POINTE GREENS-THE JOURNEY TO NET ZERO AFFORDABLE HOUSING

INTRODUCTION Station Pointe Greens,a proposed 219-unit residential and commercial development,promises to be one of the most leading edge Passive House Certified Developments in North America.However,an innovative project such as this requires much time and research,and this project being no exception,it is still in its research and design phase.Its story began in 2008 when the City of Edmonton issued a request for proposals from developers regarding improvement of a brownfield site in Belvedere.This was done as part of the City’s redevelopment initiative for an area which was in dire need of revitalization.The Communitas Group saw a huge opportunity to develop a large-scale multi-family project immediately adjacent to a light rail transit and bus hub.And so the vision of an affordable and sustainable housing project began to take shape.Communitas had already tested the‘green’construction waters on previous projects,most notably Grandin Green,a 15-storey high-rise which was the first Canadian project to qualify for the Federal CBIP grant(25%more energy efficient than required by the Model National Energy Code for Buildings).However,they had never attempted anything as bold and leading edge as Station Pointe Greens.Their goal from the outset was to build one of the greenest multi-family housing cooperative complexes in North America.And like most developers,Communitas wanted to build it with as little‘green’premium as possible.This was,after all,to be affordable housing.

THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF GREEN LOW-INCOME SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING

There is little empirical evidence in the literature about the indoor environmental quality performance of residential buildings in general and of social housing in particular. To address this problem, this study used a mixed-method approach to evaluate the indoor environmental quality performance of 17 green low-income single attached family houses in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. Questionnaires were administered to occupants to assess their snapshot and long-term satisfaction with the indoor environment. In addition, snapshot measurements were carried out to evaluate the indoor environmental quality factors of thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics. Occupants’ snapshot satisfaction was categorized into two groups (i.e. satisfied/comfortable or dissatisfied/uncomfortable) and compared with snapshot measurements. The results showed the measured IEQ parameters were well below recommended threshold levels. Further, occupants with higher snapshot satisfaction were generally exposed to relatively lower levels of indoor pollutants. A statistically significant difference was found in PM10 level only between the snapshot satisfied and snapshot dissatisfied groups of occupants. Apparent sound transmission classes were below the standard reference value of 50, suggesting potential problems in noise attenuation within different spaces in each apartment and between apartments. The findings of this study could help governments implement green shadowing for public-housing and also renovate existing houses using the same principles.

RESALE OF GREEN HOUSING COMPENSATES FOR ITS PREMIUM PRICING:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CHINA

Green housing reduces resource consumption and protects the ecological environment.Sustainable buildings and construction have gained increasing attention in the last decade.Many empirical studies have confirmed that green housing imposes a price premium at the presale stage.The high price could be a concern that prevents homebuyers from purchasing green buildings.However,there is a lack of empirical evidence on whether the premium pricing could be compensated for by the resale price.To address this gap,this study establishes a hedonic regression model to estimate the price premium of green housing at the resale stage.The results show that green housing certified with the Chinese Green Building Label(CGBL)offers a 6%price premium compared with non-green housing at the resale stage.The results also show that green housing with a higher level of green certification,e.g.,the 3-star CGBL,provides a greater price premium at resale.The findings indicate that homebuyers can obtain financial compensation for the high cost when purchasing a green home.Our findings also indicate that the price premium for reselling a green home is not always enough to compensate for the purchase cost in different cities.Policy recommendations for government promotion of green housing are also discussed.

THE GREENING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING THROUGH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS: DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR GREEN AFFORDABLE HOUSING

The trend towards affordable, green housing highlights the need for a Green Affordable Housing (GAH) model that produces durable dwellings that are not significantly more expensive to build, cheaper to operate, healthier for their occupants, and more environmentally sound. The model should also reduce the risk of poverty for those with low and moderate incomes, be close to public transportation, and support a neighborhood that is healthy, walkable and connected to the broader community and natural environment. This case study utilized detailed interviews with occupants, town officials, a developer, and a design builder to explore how green building strategies could be applied in real-world communities with the help of a Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and contributions from other funding bodies. Focusing on the Roanoke and Lee Street housing project in Blacksburg, Virginia (VA), this study demonstrated how green building strategies can be integrated into affordable housing with help from public programs and incentives to provide houses that are more durable, no more expensive to build, cheaper to operate, healthier, more environmentally sound and less risky for their occupants. The new framework includes ways to deal with neighborhood issues such as the deterioration of housing stock and infrastructure to support the creation of a vital and healthy neighborhood with improved public services and community spirit, as well as providing an integrated design process framework that enables stakeholders to work together to achieve the goal of building green and affordable housing.

Development and Evaluation of an All Weather-Type Solar Drying House to Make for Wood Pellet Material

To suppress the global environment pollutions, we tried to develop a new-type solar drying house by improving a typical agricultural green-house, so that an all weather-type solar drying house was invented ultimately. This house is capable to dry raw wood materials (Ogako) into suitable moisture content (Mc) to make a wood pellet. The all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is covered with a triple transparent film, and an open/close free-type shield sheet is spread along with house’s inner surface with a small space, which is opened when solar radiation is incident on the house in daytime and closed to prevent heat loss from the house while out of sun shining in night. Inside of the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house, there are four belt-conveyors over which four top radiation panels are hanged, and on which four Ogako agitators are touched, a turn-table, two hoppers, four small fans, and besides, a floor heating is molded in concrete floor. Also on the north wall outside the house, two insulated cylinders (chimney) are stood up vertically to exhaust inside moist air passively. Then, to make clearly the operation performance of the house, the drying tests for the proof examination were conducted nineteen times at first test site in Ashoro where is located east-central part of Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of the drying test for the proof examination, it was made clear that the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is practically useful as a supplementary apparatus to produce the dried Ogako, and consequently to suppress CO2 exhaustion.

Practice Exploration of Green Building Design in Prefabricated Residential Building Design

Prefabricated residential building design fully embodies the concept of green building and aligns with China’s strategic plan for sustainable development.However,there is a need to further optimize green building design methods,enhance the design quality of prefabricated residential buildings,and improve energy and resource utilization.Compared to traditional construction methods,prefabricated residential building design still faces several challenges during the actual construction process.These challenges include difficulties in design,material selection and processing,and the high demands for construction coordination.To strengthen the application of green building concepts in prefabricated residential design and effectively promote the sustainable development of the construction industry,this paper discusses practical measures for implementing green building design in prefabricated residential projects for reference.