The Applications of CRISPR Screening in Aging Research

The advancement of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR)gene editing technology has revolutionized the comprehension of human genome,propelling molecular and cellular biology research into unexplored realms and accelerating progress in life sciences and medicine.CRISPR-based gene screening,recognized for its efficiency and practicality,is widely utilized across diverse biological fields.Aging is a multifaceted process governed by a myriad of genetic and epigenetic factors.Unraveling the genes regulating aging holds promise for understanding this intricate phenomenon and devising strategies for its assessment and intervention.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in CRISPR screening and its applications in aging research,while also offering insights into future directions.CRISPR-based genetic-manipulation tools are positioned as indispensable instruments for mitigating aging and managing age-related diseases.

Individual having a parent with early-onset gastric cancer may need screening at younger age

AIM: To evaluate whether individuals with gastric cancer(GC) are diagnosed earlier if they have firstdegree relatives with GC.METHODS: A total of 4282 patients diagnosed with GC at National Cancer Center Hospital from 2002 to 2012 were enrolled in this retrospective study. We classified the patients according to presence or absence of first-degree family history of GC and compared age at diagnosis and clinicopathologic characteristics. In addition, we further classified patients according to specific family member with GC(father, mother, sibling, or offspring) and compared age at GC diagnosis among these patient groups. Baseline characteristics were obtained from a prospectively collected database. Information about the family member's age at GC diagnosis was obtained by questionnaire.RESULTS: A total of 924 patients(21.6%) had a firstdegree family history of GC. The mean age at GC diagnosis in patients having paternal history of GC was 54.4 ± 10.4 years and was significantly younger than in those without a first-degree family history(58.1 ± 12.0 years, P < 0.001). However, this finding was not observed in patients who had an affected mother(57.2 ± 10.0 years) or sibling(62.2 ± 9.8 years). Among patients with family member having early-onset GC(< 50 years old), mean age at diagnosis was 47.7 ± 10.3 years for those with an affected father, 48.6 ± 10.4 years for those with an affected mother, and 57.4 ± 11.5 years for those with an affected sibling. Thus, patients with a parent diagnosed before 50 years of age developed GC 10.4 or 9.5 years earlier than individuals without a family history of GC(both P <0.001).CONCLUSION: Early-onset GC before age of 50 was associated with parental history of early-onset of GC. Individual having such family history need to start screening earlier.

Screening for depressive symptoms among older adults in Taiwan: Cutoff of a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

Screening for elders at risk for depression is crucial for promoting mental health in later life. The present study investigates the cutoff score of a short form of the CES-D for screening of depressive symptoms in the elderly population of Taiwan. This particular short form of CES-D is repeatedly used in the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA), a national survey of representative older adults in Taiwan, and is therefore referred to as the TLSA form. Data collected from five waves of TLSA were analyzed in this study. Participant responses repeatedly measured in 1989 and 1993 were used to identify a cutoff for the TLSA form of the CES-D with sensitivity and specificity using the cutoff of 4 on the Boston form of the CES-D as the criterion. Longitudinal data from the years 1996, 1999, and 2003 were used to validate the proposed cutoff by comparing the prevalence rates for depressive symptoms among older Taiwan Residents estimated from the identified cutoff and reported in previous studies. The score of 10 on the TLSA form of the CES-D was suggested, yielding a specificity of 0.93 and a sensitivity of approximately 0.96. The estimated prevalence rates for depressive symptoms among Taiwan Residents elders based on the suggested cutoff were between 18.9% and 23.7%, which are similar to previously reported rates. The cutoff score of 10 on the TLSA form of the CES-D is therefore recommended for screening depressive symptoms among older adults in Taiwan.

Age-determined referral criteria of myopia for large-scale vision screening

Background: This study aimed to explore the best screening measure of myopia and its associated optimal referral criteria for children aged between 6 and 16.Methods: After informed consent of cycloplegia was obtained, a total of 6,321 children aged between 6 and 16 from 53 primary or junior middle schools in Jiading District of Shanghai were included in our populationbased study. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was performed to determine the best cutoff points, sensitivities and specii cities of different screening tests, including uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), noncycloplegic autorefraction(NCAR) and the combination of these two tests.Results: There was significant difference in prevalence of myopia between boys and girls(χ~2=6.358, P=0.012). Compared with children of low age, the prevalence of older children was significantly higher(χ~2=1,386.404, P<0.001). For the combination of UCVA and NCAR, the best cutoff point was UCVA less than or equal to 0.2 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution(MAR)(20/30) and NCAR spherical equivalent refraction(SER) less than or equal to -0.75 diopters(D), with associated sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% and 85.0%, respectively, which were higher than those of UCVA and NCAR alone. After stratified by age, the best cutof points were varied among children. The accuracy for children aged between 9 and 12 was higher than that for other ages.Conclusions: The best screening measure of myopia was the combination of UCVA and NCAR. The optimal referral criteria of myopia for children should be age-determined.

Decreasing trend in prostate cancer with high serum prostate-specific antigen levels detected at first prostate-specific antigen-based population screening in Japan

To clarify the recent trends in prostate-specific antigen （PSA） distribution in men in Japan, we analyzed the PSA distributions of men undergoing PSA-based population screening. We summarized the annual individual data of PSA-based population screening in Kanazawa, Japan, from 2000 to 2011, and analyzed baseline serum PSA values of the participants at the first population screening. Serum PSA distributions were estimated in all participants and those excluding prostate cancer patients according to age. From 2000 to 2011, 19 620 men participated aged 54-69 years old in this screening program. Mean baseline serum PSA level of all participants at the first screening was 2.64 ng m1-1 in 2000, and gradually decreased to approximately 1.30 ng ml-I in 2006. That of participants excluding prostate cancer patients was 1.46 ng m1-1 in 2000, and there was no remarkable change during the study period. The 95t＂ percentiles in the participants excluding prostate cancer patients detected at the first population screening of men aged 54-59, 60-64, and 65-69 years old were 2.90, 3.60, and 4.50 ng m1-1, respectively. After the commencement of population screening, the proportion of prostate cancer patients with high serum PSA levels decreased. However, there were no changes in serum PSA levels in men without prostate cancer. Age-specific PSA reference level of men without prostate cancer in Japan was similar to that in China and Korea.

广州市海珠区老年人肺结核筛查结果分析

目的:分析广州市海珠区老年人胸片筛查结果及结核病核心信息知晓情况。方法:2022年5—7月,从广州市海珠区9个片区抽取年龄≥65岁的老年人进行问卷调查、肺结核症状筛查、胸片筛查及健康教育,并根据筛查结果获得的资料进行统计分析。结果:广州市海珠区年龄≥65岁的老年人完成胸片筛查者共4435名,男女性别比为0.77∶1(男性1923名,女性2512名);年龄范围为65~102岁,平均年龄为(72.08±5.48)岁。近1个月内有肺结核可疑症状者291例,胸片结果异常者490例,胸片结果异常者中有肺结核可疑症状者58例,最终诊断为活动性肺结核患者6例,肺结核检出率为135.29/10万。3633名老年人结核病核心信息总知晓率为78.29%(14222/18165),其中“肺结核是危害严重的慢性传染病”题目的知晓率最低,为56.79%(2063/3633)。结论:对年龄≥65岁老年人开展结核病筛查,有助于老年肺结核患者的早期发现;应继续加强结核病宣传教育,提升结核病核心信息知晓率。

Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Entrapped in Titania Sol-Gel Film on Screen-Printed Electrode

We report the fabrication of disposable and flexible Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs). This new type of screen-printed electrochemical platform consists of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphite composite. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles were first synthesized by a chemical reduction method. The morphology and structure of the AgNPs were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Graphite was chosen as the working electrode material for the fabrication of a thick-film. The fabrication of a screen-printed hydrogen peroxide biosensor consisting of three electrodes on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was performed with a spraying approach (working, counter and reference: enzyme electrode, graphite, pseudo reference: Ag/AgCl). This biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in a Titania sol-gel membrane which was obtained through a vapor deposition method. The biosensor had electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of H2O2 with linear dependence on H2O2 concentration in the range of 10-5 to 10-3 M;the detection limit was 4.5 × 10-6 M.

Verifying the Effects of an Education Program Leveraging Information Technology to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Aged 20 - 29—A One-Year Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this research is to implement an IT-based education program in order to promote cervical cancer screenings for women aged 20 - 29 years, as well as to examine the results of said program. This is a longitudinal/comparative study of two groups, one for which the program was implemented (the intervention group), and the other for which it was not (the control group). The program consisted of attending a health lecture and encouragement to be screened one month, six months, and one year later sent through IT-based methods. The target was unmarried women aged 20 - 29 who had neither previously given birth nor had been screened for cervical cancer in a period one year prior. They were divided into two groups, the intervention group (n = 142) and control group (n = 145). The effectiveness of the program was assessed via an initial survey and further surveys six months and one year later. Results were based on the Japanese version of the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test (HBMSCCPST), knowledge scores in the categories of Healthy Lifestyles, Cervical Cancer, Cervical Cancer Screening, and screening behavior. A two-way ANOVA of the HBMSCCPST subscales and knowledge scores in the initial, six-month, and one-year surveys was performed, showing interaction in Cervical Cancer (p = 0.00). Main effects were observed in Cervical Cancer Screening (p = 0.00) and Healthy Lifestyles (p = 0.00). Regarding the amount of change from the initial survey, knowledge scores in the Cervical Cancer (p = 0.027) and Cervical Cancer Screening (p = 0.016) categories were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in cervical cancer screening rates (p = 0.26) between the two groups. However, a small-degree effect size was observed for Benefits, Seriousness, and Susceptibility subscales in both examinees and non-examinees. Although the educational program of this study was effective in improving the knowledge of women in their twenties, there was little improvement in HBMSCCPST and it did not lead to the promotion of cervical cancer screening. In order to raise interest in cervical cancer screening, it is necessary to consider useful content to guide women to consult with healthcare professionals, a long-term population approach, and organizational structure of consultation.

血清MG7-Ag水平检测与新型胃癌评分系统在胃癌高危人群风险评估中的价值

目的:研究血清MG7-Ag与新型胃癌评分系统在胃癌高危人群风险评估中的临床价值。方法:纳入2021年1月至2022年12月在本院接受胃镜检查及活检的163例胃癌癌前病变患者和42例胃癌患者作为研究对象。收集一般资料,包括年龄、性别、血清幽门螺杆菌抗体(呼气试验C13/C14)、胃蛋白酶原I/胃蛋白酶原II比值(PGR)、胃泌素17(G17)、内镜检查及病理诊断结果:根据新型胃癌筛查评分系统将入组患者分为低危组、中危组、高危组,采用酶联免疫吸附法进行MG7-Ag检测,分析影响胃癌诊断的影响因素,评价MG7-Ag和新型胃癌评分系统在胃癌高危人群风险评估中的价值。结果:胃癌癌前病变和胃癌组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。所有205例患者中,新型胃癌评分系统分为高危34例、中危63例和低危108例,其中胃癌检出率分别为24(73.53%)例、13(20.63%)例、5(4.63%)例。以MG7-Ag表达的中位数分为高表达组和低表达组,其中高表达组41例、低表达组164例,其中胃癌检出率分别为33(80.49%)例、9(5.49%)例。单因素和多因素分析显示,新型胃癌评分系统和MG7-Ag检测均为影响胃癌诊断的影响因素之一。通过ROC曲线分析新型胃癌评分系统和MG7-Ag检测在癌前病变和胃癌中的诊断价值,结果显示,新型胃癌评分系统的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.71(95%CI:0.65~0.74),MG7-Ag检测的AUC为0.78(95%CI:0.75~0.80),两者联合诊断的AUC为0.86(95%CI:0.81~0.90),两者联合诊断的价值明显优于单独诊断。结论:血清MG7-Ag与新型胃癌评分系统联合诊断在筛选胃癌高危人群中的价值明显优于单独检测,对未来胃癌癌前病变和胃癌的诊断具有很高的临床指导价值。

超声检查联合NIPT在高龄孕妇产前筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨超声检查联合无创产前DNA检测(NIPT)在高龄孕妇中对胎儿染色体异常筛查的临床应用价值。方法选取2020-2023年在宝鸡市妇幼保健院接受产前检查的3820例高龄孕妇作为研究对象,所有孕妇均接受超声检查及NIPT,以羊膜腔穿刺结果或妊娠结局作为胎儿染色体异常的诊断标准,比较超声检查、NIPT及二者联合应用对胎儿染色体异常的诊断情况。结果3820例高龄孕妇中NIPT筛查出高风险57例;超声检查软指标异常95例,结构异常63例;超声检查联合NIPT诊断胎儿染色体异常的灵敏度、特异度和阳性预测值分别为93.18%、99.89%、91.11%。结论高龄孕妇胎儿染色体产前筛查中,超声检查联合NIPT可以相互补充参考,可有效提高染色体异常检出的灵敏度、特异度,降低假阳性率和假阴性率,实现对出生缺陷的早发现、早诊断及早干预。

多学科个性化动态营养干预对促进老年原发性肝癌患者术后恢复效果的影响

目的 分析多学科个性化动态营养干预对促进老年原发性肝癌患者术后恢复效果的影响。方法 选取开滦总医院2022年1―12月收治的接受营养风险筛查2002(nutritional risk screening 2002,NRS 2002)风险评估且存在营养不良风险的老年原发性肝癌患者80例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40)和干预组(n=40)。对照组给予常规术后护理,干预组给予多学科个体化动态营养干预。比较两组患者术后恢复评分、术后恢复速度指标及护理前后患者的衰弱程度、绝望量表评分和营养指标。结果 干预组患者术后早期进食时间、肛门排气时间、达到目标70%进食量时间均显著早于对照组(均P <0.05),干预组患者住院天数显著短于对照组(P <0.05),干预组患者住院费用显著少于对照组(P <0.05)。干预组患者术后7 d恢复评分显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。两组患者护理后健康状况、社会支持、自制力、情绪指标评分均有所下降(均P <0.05),且干预组下降幅度均显著大于对照组(均P <0.05)。两组患者护理后对未来感觉评分和对未来期望评分均有所下降(均P <0.05),且干预组患者评分下降幅度均显著大于对照组(均P <0.05)。干预组患者术后并发症发生率明显显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 多学科个性化动态营养干预促进老年原发性肝癌患者术后恢复的临床效果较好。

青岛市城阳区老年人群认知功能障碍现状及影响因素

目的了解青岛市城阳区老年人群认知功能障碍的现状及其影响因素,为老年痴呆的预防提供参考依据。方法于2022年4—10月,采用自制问卷、认知障碍自评量表(AD-8)、简明社区痴呆筛查量表(CSI-D)对青岛市城阳区≥65岁的4236例常住人口进行问卷调查。分析老年人群认知功能障碍的流行现状以及影响因素。结果AD-8、CSI-D认知功能障碍的检出率分别为6.78%和8.10%,AD-8和CSI-D均阳性者检出率为4.65%。与65岁~组比较,75岁~、≥80岁组患认知功能障碍风险的比值比(OR)为5.16、8.79(P<0.05);与文盲相比,小学、初中及以上文化水平者患认知功能障碍风险的OR为0.23、0.31(P<0.05);与从不锻炼相比,每周锻炼的老年人群患认知功能障碍风险的OR为0.97(P<0.05);与每周几次与子女见面相比,每月几次和每年几次与子女见面者患认知功能障碍风险的OR为1.98、2.18(P<0.05)。吸烟(OR=2.25,P<0.05)、饮酒(OR=2.07,P<0.05)、卒中(OR=2.56,P<0.05)、高血压(OR=5.48,P<0.05)、心脏病(OR=2.61,P<0.05)、糖尿病(OR=1.63,P<0.05)是影响老年人认知功能障碍的危险因素。结论青岛市城阳区老年人群认知功能障碍的检出率为4.65%。高龄、吸烟、饮酒、与子女互动少、不锻炼、高血压、糖尿病以及卒中病史增加老年人患认知功能障碍的风险,应针对上述危险因素采取预防干预措施,降低老年人患认知功能障碍的风险。

人工智能技术赋能老年语言学的发展与思考

随着现代信息技术和人工智能技术的发展,人工智能方法成为解决我国老龄化问题的重要途径之一。文章旨在阐释与展望人工智能技术赋能的老年语言学研究发展情况。人工智能技术的发展,使老年语言学的数据采集、处理、分析更加高效、多维,拓宽了老年语言学的研究视野,优化了多模态语料库的构建,使研究纵向深入发展。对老年语言服务来说,人工智能技术赋能的智慧医疗帮助实现了认知评估量表的电子化以及自动筛查;同时,人工智能和信息技术也实现了智慧养老系统中的实时监测、认知干预、情感照护,可满足老年人的生理和精神需求。在老年语言学知识体系建构方面,需开展历时研究,利用人工智能技术进行学科融合,收集多学科多维数据,构建我国老年人语言能力常模与多模态语料库;对汉语老年人的高敏感度和特异性的语言标记物进行深度挖掘,关注自然话语,建立统一指标;运用人工智能手段,基于汉语语言标记物实现我国老年人认知障碍的大规模筛查;在利用人工智能与信息技术进行实时监测、干预与治疗的基础上,以科技赋能中国特色适老语言服务与产品供给体系。

小鼠血液中年龄相关的DNA甲基化微单倍型的筛选与验证

目的DNA甲基化微单倍型是指极短范围内多个甲基化位点的组合,其单倍型具有丰富的多样性。筛选和验证小鼠血液中年龄相关的DNA甲基化微单倍型。方法首先,构建基于小鼠参考基因组的DNA甲基化微单倍型理论数据集。其次,利用网络数据库中小鼠血液DNA甲基化高通量测序信息,采用Spearman秩相关分析方法筛选年龄相关的DNA甲基化微单倍型。最后,以验证数据集交叉验证。结果小鼠基因组中50 bp范围内的DNA甲基化微单倍型位点数量共计6787142个,由个位数的CpG位点所组成的DNA甲基化微单倍型占比98.64%。在58个小鼠血液样本中共筛选出5835个年龄相关的DNA甲基化微单倍型(Spearman秩相关检验,|rho|>0.5,P<0.01),在DNA甲基化微单倍型中占0.086%。最后,在95例独立的样本中对具有高相关性的前100个年龄相关的DNA甲基化微单倍型进行验证,最终得到44个位点。结论本研究筛选出的年龄相关的DNA甲基化微单倍型可以为后续小鼠血液表观年龄预测及衰老研究提供借鉴。

中老年居民动脉硬化自我筛查与基层医疗机构初筛工具构建

目的探索简便的动脉硬化初步筛查模型,为40~65岁居民早期识别动脉硬化风险,基层医疗机构改进动脉硬化筛查服务提供可行工具。方法数据来源于福泉市睡眠与慢性病研究的基线调查。按8:2的比例分为训练集与验证集,使用LASSO和logistic回归模型筛选变量、进行多因素回归分析,采用Bootstrap法进行内部验证。构建列线图模型,并根据ROC曲线确定风险评分阈值以划分高风险人群。结果居民初筛模型包括年龄、性别、午睡、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍及患高血压、糖尿病的情况,AUC为74.80%,模型风险评分阈值为84.20分。基层医疗机构初筛模型包括年龄、性别、午睡、睡眠效率、收缩压、空腹血糖、脉搏变量,AUC为82.80%,风险评分阈值为78.00分。决策曲线显示两个模型在健康管理实际获益方面表现良好。结论居民初筛模型、基层初筛模型两个模型准确性、区分度较好,可在居民自我健康管理和基层医疗机构初筛工作中推广应用。

世界卫生组织老年整合照护筛查工具的汉化及信效度检验

目的汉化英文版世界卫生组织(WHO)老年整合照护(ICOPE)筛查工具,并检验其信效度。方法采用Brislin翻译法翻译英文版WHO ICOPE筛查工具,通过专家小组讨论和预调查来进行调适,形成中文版WHO ICOPE筛查工具。采用方便抽样法选取150名≥60岁老年患者,采用一般情况调查问卷和中文版WHO ICOPE筛查工具进行面对面调查;采用极端组比较法和Spearman等级相关分析法进行项目分析;采用Cronbach′sα系数和分半信度Spearman-Brown系数进行信度分析;采用探索性因子分析进行结构效度分析。结果中文版WHO ICOPE筛查工具包括6个条目,8个问题。项目区分度极端组比较法显示,高分组(42例)和低分组(60例)各条目得分差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);Spearman等级相关分析结果显示,各条目得分与总分均呈正相关(均P<0.001)。信度检验结果显示,Cronbach′sα系数为0.612,删除任意一个条目后的Cronbach′sα系数范围在0.514~0.579,提示无需删除的条目;分半信度的结果显示,Spearman-Brown分半系数为0.683。探索性因子分析提取到了初始特征值>1的公因子共2个,其方差贡献率均>20%,累积方差贡献率为53.85%。结论中文版WHO ICOPE筛查工具的信度和效度良好,可用于老年人内在能力下降的筛查。

填埋场陈腐垃圾筛上物热值及掺烧对焚烧炉运行工况影响研究——以云南省某市陈腐垃圾掺烧为例

依托新建成的生活垃圾焚烧厂开展了较长时间的陈腐垃圾筛分和掺烧可行性试验。通过对生活垃圾填埋场中的陈腐垃圾开挖、“滚筒筛+风选”预处理,对获得的筛上物进行组分特性分析,发现筛上物(干基)中塑料等轻物质类占比约53%,且与筛上物含水率呈负线性关系。将筛上物运至焚烧厂按一定设计比例与原生垃圾掺烧,根据各组分入炉垃圾量、吨蒸发量等数据,利用能量守恒定律计算得出筛上物的热值约6258 kJ/kg。掺烧会导致烟气处理系统中消石灰日均单耗量显著增加,但不影响尿素的日均单耗量,也会显著增加炉渣和飞灰的日均产生量。基于自动化程度较高的烟气处理系统,掺烧不会显著增高烟气污染物小时平均浓度,也未显著增加尾气排放的不稳定性,所有浓度最高值均满足相关排放标准的要求。

不同衰弱评估工具在老年术前衰弱筛查中的应用效果比较研究

背景国际上衰弱评估工具种类繁多,针对老年围术期的衰弱评估工具的应用选择不一,哪种衰弱评估工具更适合我国围术期人群尚不清楚。目的比较FRAIL量表、临床衰弱量表(CFS)、围术期衰弱指数、5项改良衰弱指数(mFI-5)在老年手术患者中术前衰弱评估的应用效果,旨在为医护人员选择合适的衰弱评估工具提供参考。方法采用方便抽样法选取2023年2—5月于广东省中医院行择期手术的住院老年患者329例作为研究对象。采用11项改良衰弱指数(mFI-11)、FRAIL量表、CFS、mFI-5、围术期衰弱指数进行衰弱评估。应用Kappa检验评估5种衰弱评估工具之间的一致性;以mFI-11评估结果为参考,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和决策曲线(DCA)分析其余4种工具对老年术前衰弱发生率的诊断价值,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC);根据约登指数(YI)最大原则确定各衰弱评估工具的最佳临界值,并分别计算在原始和最佳临界值时的评估性能指标。结果CFS与围术期衰弱指数对老年术前衰弱的评估一致性最高(Kappa=0.655,P<0.001),FRAIL量表与mFI-5及mFI-11对老年术前衰弱的评估一致性最低(Kappa=0.182、0.262)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,mFI-5、围术期衰弱指数、CFS及FRAIL量表筛查老年术前衰弱的AUC分别为0.920、0.888、0.823及0.799;mFI-5筛查老年术前衰弱的AUC大于FRAIL量表、CFS(Z=3.188、3.215,P=0.001);围术期衰弱指数筛查老年术前衰弱的AUC大于FRAIL量表(Z=2.561,P=0.001);在最佳临界值时,mFI-5筛查老年术前衰弱的灵敏度(91.18%)及特异度(84.41%)、围术期衰弱指数筛查老年术前衰弱的灵敏度(94.12%)及特异度(71.86%)等指标较高。DCA结果显示,在相关风险阈值范围内,mFI-5的净效益最高、围术期衰弱指数次之。结论mFI-5的筛查准确性最高,且在最佳临界值时具有较高的灵敏度和特异度,围术期衰弱指数的筛查准确性次之但综合预测性能相对较好,两者适用于老年手术患者的早期衰弱风险筛查。

学龄儿童娱乐视屏类久坐和教育类久坐与抑制控制的关系

目的:探讨娱乐视屏类久坐行为、教育类久坐行为与学龄儿童抑制控制的关系。方法:选取700名学龄儿童(年龄10~15岁),采用儿童青少年久坐行为问卷调查久坐总时间、娱乐视屏类久坐时间和教育类久坐时间,运用Stroop任务评估抑制控制。结果:娱乐视屏类久坐时间与色-词一致条件正确率、色-词不一致条件正确率均负关联(β=-0.15、-0.18),教育类久坐时间与色-词不一致条件反应时负关联(β=-0.09)。结论:学龄儿童久坐行为与抑制控制的关系可能因久坐类型而异,应着重限制娱乐视屏类久坐行为,以保障学龄儿童的认知发展。

老年营养不良筛查与评价方法的研究进展

营养不良是常见的老年综合征,是老年人群多种疾病预后不良的独立危险因素。目前,尚无专门针对老年人群的营养筛查金标准。现有的营养筛查工具适用范围广,评价的主客观指标不同,虽然增加了使用的方便性,但不同评估方法灵敏度、特异度有差异,同一目标人群应用不同方法进行评估所得结果可能不同。本文将对常用老年营养不良筛查与评价方法进行综述。