8-Membered-ring Transition States of Water Assisted Reactions in Sub-and Super-critical Water

1 Results Sub-and super-critical water is an attractive reaction medium for organic transformation because of their unique properties such as low viscosity,high density,low polarity,high solubility to organic compounds,and,of course,the greenness of the medium[1-3]. We report herein some unique reactions of unsaturated compounds in sub-and super-critical water.When allylbenzene was treated in supercritical water (SCW: 380 ℃,10 min,water density=0.35 g/mL),double bond migrated to give a mixture of allylb...

Study on the Separation,Extraction of Lycopene and Its Effects on Cell Cycle

The separation, extraction of lycopene and its effects on the proliferation and cells cycle of the chemical-induced cells were investigated in order to research on its extraction method and the mechanism in inhibiting neoplastic transformation. The best extraction condition of lycopene with super-critical carbon dioxide was under the pressure of 25MPa, the temperature of 50℃ and duration of 3. 0h. Lycopene could inhibit cell growth rate and cells proliferation significantly, while increase the cell numbers of G1 -phase and decrease that of S-phase and G2+M-phase. The potency of the effects of lycopene on cells cycle might be one of the important reasons for inhibiting neoplastic transformation.

Controllable fabrication of carbon aerogels

Nano-pore carbon aerogels were prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene)(C6H4(OH)2) with formaldehyde (HCHO) in a slightly basic aqueous solution, followed by super-critical drying under liquid carbon dioxide as super-critical media and carbonization at 700 ℃ under N2 gas atmosphere. The key of the work is to fabricate carbon aerogels with controllable nano-pore structure, which means extremely high surface area and sharp pore size distribution. Aiming to investigate the effects of preparation conditions on the gelation process, the bulk density, and the physical and chemical structure of the resultant carbon aerogels, the molar ratio of R/C (resorcinol to catalyst) and the amount of distilled water were varied, consequently two different sets of samples, with series of R/C ratio and RF/W (Resorcinol-Formaldehyde to water, or the content of reactant) ratio, were prepared. The result of N2 adsorption/desorption experiment at 77 K shows that the pore sizes decreasing from 11.4 down to 2.2 nm with the increasing of the molar ratio of R/C from 100 to 400, and/or, the pore sizes decreasing from 3.8 down to 1.6 nm with the increasing of reactant content from 0.4 to 0.6.

Structural Characterization of Nickel-Base Alloy C-276 Irradiated with Ar Ions

The irradiation damage in nickel-base alloy C-276 irradiated with 115 keV Ar ions from low to very high doses was investigated. Structural characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, grazing incident X-ray diffraction （GIXRD） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. High density of interstitial type dislocation loops could be observed at a dose level of around 2.75 displacements per atom （dpa）. With the irradiation dose increased to 27.5 dpa, the average size of loops increased from 5 nm to 16 nm, while the density of the loops decreased from 1.4 × 1011/cm2 to 4.6 × 1010/cm2. When the irradiation dose reached 82.5 dpa, original grains were transformed into subgrains whose sizes observed from TEM were about 20-60 nm. The fragmentation of grains was confirmed by GIXRD. The mean subgrain size was 40 nm, which was obtained from the full width at half maximum （FWHM） of the X-ray diffraction lines using the Scherrer formula and Williamson formula. AFM micrographs showed that nanometer-sized hillocks formed at the dose of 82.5 dpa, which provided further evidence of grain fragmentation at a high irradiation dose.

Limiting profile of blow-up solutions for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation

This paper is concerned with the blow-up solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Using the concentration compact principle and the variational characterization of the corresponding ground state, we obtain the limiting profile of blow-up solutions with critical mass in the corresponding weighted energy space. Moreover, we extend this result to small super-critical mass case by the variational methods and scaling technique.

Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO_(2) capture

The current studies on power plant technologies suggest that Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC)systems are an effective and economic CO_(2) capture technology pathway.In addition,the system in conventional configuration has the advantage of being more“CO_(2) capture ready”than other technologies.Pulverized coal boilers(PC)have,however,proven high technical performance attributes and are economically often most practical technologies.To highlight the pros and cons of both technologies in connection with an integrated CO_(2) capture,a comparative analysis of ultrasupercritical PC and IGCC is carried out in this paper.The technical design,the mass and energy balance and the system optimizations are implemented by using the ECLIPSE chemical plant simulation software package.Built upon these technologies,the CO_(2) capture facilities are incorporated within the system.The most appropriate CO_(2) capture systems for the PC system selected for this work are the oxy-fuel system and the postcombustion scheme using Monoethanolamine solvent scrubber column(MEA).The IGCC systems are designed in two configurations:Water gas shift reactor and Selexol-based separation.Both options generate CO_(2)-rich and hydrogen rich-gas streams.Following the comparative analysis of the technical performance attributes of the above cycles,the economic assessment is carried out using the economic toolbox of ECLIPSE is seamlessly connected to the results of the mass and energy balance as well as the utility usages.The total cost assessment is implemented according to the stepcount exponential costing method using the dominant factors and/or a combination of parameters.Subsequently,based on a set of assumptions,the net present value estimation is implemented to calculate the breakeven electricity selling prices and the CO_(2) avoidance cost.