Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography（SFE／SFC）

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Essential Oil from Dry Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and Their Characterization by GC/MS

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of essential oil from dry rhizome ofLigusticum chuanxiong Hort was developed. GC/MS was used for the determination of the composition ofessential oil. Forty-four compounds were identified. The conventional extraction method wasconducted in parallel for comparison. The extracts were qualitatively compared by GC/MS. The yieldsof SFE and steam distillation-extraction were 4.16 % ( v/w) and 0.8 % ( v/w), respectively.Application of SFE of zessential oil from dry rhizome of Ligustiaan chuanxiong Hort was preferable.

Influence of Modifiers on Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), Part I

It is important to understand the mechanism and implications of different modifiers on analytical and preparative processes under chromatography with supercritical fluids (SFs) and under extraction with SFs. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and supercritical fluid extraction are generally carried out with neat supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) or with SCCO2 containing modifiers (or cosolvents), especially for strongly polar compounds. For example, methanol is added as a cosolvent/modifier to SCCO2 for the extraction/separation of polar compounds. This paper discusses the influence of the modifier on the colligative properties of the principal mobile phase, which may define the situation in the total mobile phase in a chromatography column or in parts of a column under SFC. No colligative behavior of solutions reflects individual properties of the solutes. Their cross-interactions with solvents are discussed.

Isolation and Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Epimedium Koreanum Nakai by Supercritical Fluid Extraction

In the present paper is reported the method for the isolation and extraction of total flavonoids of Epimedium Koreanum Nakai by means of supercritical fluid extraction(SFE). By examining pressure, temperature, amounts of modifier and extraction time, the optimized condition of SFE is confirmed as 30 MPa and 60 ℃, with 70% ethanol as the modifier. The samples were statically extracted for 30 min, followed by dynamic extraction for 120 min at a flow rate of 6 mL/min. The quantitative analysis of total flavonoids was performed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Compared with the conventional method, the SFE method is more efficient, more rapid and more friendly environmentally.

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Leaves of Acanthopanax Senticosus Harms

The herbal plant Acanthopanax Senticosus Harms is natural herb of Changbaishan in Jilin Province of China, which belongs to the Araliaceae family. As the ingredients of folk medicine, it has long been used to treat a variety of human diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, tumor, isochemic heart diseases, hypertension, rheumatic arthritis, etc. E2,33. Flavonoids, a class of constituent compounds, which have a broad distribution in the nature and are found in Acanthopanax Senticosus Harms, have gained particular attention. A number of studies have shown that flavonoid compounds have wide biological activities, such as anti-aging, anticancer, anti-HIV,

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Saponins from Ginseng

Introduction Ginseng（ Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Araliaceae） is one of the most valuable Chinese crude drugs and has been used widely for over 2000 years. Studies have demonstrated that ginseng can act on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the endocrine system; it can enhance immune function and metabolism; it possesses a biomodulation action, anticancer effect, anti-stress and anti-ageing activities, and so on.

Comparison of volatile and semivolatile compounds from commercial cigarette by supercritical fluid extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction

Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE) was studied as a rapid method for extraction of volatile and semivolatile compounds of Chinese commercial cigarettes. The method was compared with simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE). Temperature and pressure for the SFE were optimized. The extracts obtained by the two methods showed different characters in composition and represented differently the flavor characteristics of tobacco; compared to SDE, SFE can extract compounds within a shorter time and avoid the thermal degradation and solvent contamination of samples. The extracts by the two extraction methods are complementary for investigating the flavor characteristic of tobacco products.

Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide in the Extraction of Lanolin and Its Alcohol

The use of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SFCO2) in extraction of lanolin and its alcohol is superior to the conventional solvent extraction method. Its distinctive advantages include high extractive ratio, nontoxic and nonflammable solvents, and minimal by -product pollution. The resulting refined lanolin and its alcohol have light color and little odor, and can be used as raw materials for high grade cosmetic products.

Isolation of Organochlorine Pesticide from Ginseng with Supercritical CO_2

The feasibility of removal of the organochlorine pesticides residues of hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC) from radix ginseng with supercritical CO2 was explored. Some factors, such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and kinds of co-solvents were investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to reduce BHC residues in radix ginseng to the level of 0.1 × 10^-6 with supercritical CO2 in the presence of suitable amount of co-solvent, such as water.

牡丹籽油超临界CO_(2)萃取制备工艺优化及其抗氧化功效研究

以牡丹籽为原料,利用正交实验法分析超临界CO_(2)萃取牡丹籽油过程中CO_(2)流量、萃取温度、萃取时间以及分离压力对提取率的影响。结果表明,在萃取过程中,参数设置CO_(2)流量为20 kg/h、萃取时间为2.5 h、萃取温度为45℃以及分离压力为8 MPa时提取率最高,达到92.6%。采用该提取工艺制备的牡丹籽油通过生化分析、细胞生物学技术等手段,以清除DPPH、PTIO自由基能力、细胞氧化损伤存活率评价其抗氧化功效。结果表明,牡丹籽油对DPPH、PTIO自由基具有一定的清除作用,对成纤维细胞的氧化损伤具有很好的保护作用。牡丹籽油作为一种具有抗氧化功效的基础植物油,可被广泛应用于皮肤护理领域。

超临界CO_2萃取测定姜黄中姜黄素的实验研究

目的 :筛选超临界CO2 萃取姜黄中姜黄素的最佳工艺条件。方法 :采用正交试验优化超临界流体萃取姜黄素的工艺条件 ,采用HPLC法测定姜黄素含量。结果 :超临界CO2 萃取姜黄素的最佳条件 :萃取压力 2 5MPa ,萃取温度 5 5℃ ,采用无水乙醇作为夹带剂 (与超临界CO2 流体同步泵入萃取器中 ) ,用量为 30 % ,静态萃取 4h ,动态萃取 5h ,CO2 流量 3.5L·min-1。结论 :超临界CO2 萃取姜黄素具有操作简便、无有机溶剂残留的优点 ,其方法可靠 ,切实可行。

超临界CO_2萃取工艺在紫苏子脂肪油提取中的应用研究

用超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取技术从紫苏子中萃取脂肪油，经常法皂化和甲酯化后，用ＧＣ－ＭＳ－计算机联用技术从中分离鉴定了α－亚麻酸等１２个脂肪酸成分，占总脂肪酸的９９．９１％。棕榈油酸等８个成分系首次从该植物中分得。与传统的石油醚萃取法相比，其萃取时间短，得油率高。主要有效成分α－亚麻酸的含量达７３．５％，约提高４％。

超临界CO_2萃取技术在油脂和脂肪酸分离中的应用

综述了超临界CO2 萃取分离油脂、脂肪酸的研究进展 ,讨论了影响萃取效果的主要因素 ,指出可通过在体系转变压力下、温度略高于溶剂临界温度的操作条件范围内寻找最优操作条件 。

CO_2超临界萃取技术提取麦胚芽油的研究

采用麦胚芽作为实验材料，比较系统地研究了在超临界状态下，预处理条件（水分含量，粉碎方法、粉碎度）、萃取条件（萃取温度与压力）、分离条件（分离温度与压力）对油脂萃取率的影响；分析了操作条件对油脂质量特别是ＶＥ的影响；确定了最佳工艺路线，为批量生产提供了依据。

小茴香超临界CO_2萃取产物的成分研究

目的：对小茴香超临界ＣＯ２萃取产物的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术从小茴香中萃取出小茴香油，再利用ＧＣ，ＧＣＭＳ和脂肪酸衍生化处理等手段，对小茴香的ＳＦＥＣＯ２产物进行了成分分析。结果：鉴定了小茴香超临界ＣＯ２萃取产物中的１４种组分，占出峰总面积的９８．２４％；鉴定了小茴香超临界ＣＯ２萃取产物中的８种脂肪酸组分。结论：小茴香超临界ＣＯ２萃取产物的主要成分是茴香脑、十八碳一烯酸、十八碳二烯酸和棕榈酸等。

天然番茄红素超临界CO_2萃取和定量的研究

本文研究了超临界CO2 萃取天然番茄红素的工艺 ,确定了提携剂的选择 ,萃取温度 ,萃取压力 ,萃取时间等最佳参数 ,并对提取物中的番茄红素进行了定量测定。实验表明 :30Mpa ,5 5℃ ,2h ,CO2 流量为 30kg/h ,提携剂为 30ml大豆色拉油的条件下 ,提取率达到 93 5 8% ,10 0克干料可以获得 2 9 15克纯度为 1 37%的番茄红素提取物。

超临界CO_2技术萃取蛋黄磷脂

采用新型物理分离技术──超临界ＣＯ＿２萃取法，提取天然蛋黄粉中的磷脂．在４０ＭＰａ，先去除蛋黄粉中甘油三酯和胆固醇，再萃取磷脂．结果显示，磷脂纯度为９５％，Ｎ／Ｐ比值为１．００３，λ＿（ｍａｘ）＝２１４ｎｍ，薄层层析显示磷脂着色点清晰，并去除了绝大部分甘油三酯和胆固醇。此法操作简单、产品质量高、安全和不污染环境，还可得到天然纯蛋黄油和蛋白。

小麦胚芽中黄酮类物质的超临界CO_2萃取及其抗氧化作用

研究了超临界流体萃取方法的工艺条件对小麦胚芽中黄酮类物质的提取率的影响,并探讨了麦胚黄酮粗提物对菜籽油过氧化的抑制作用及与其他物质的协同作用。实验结果表明,超临界流体萃取小麦胚芽中黄酮类物质的最佳工艺条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力30MPa、CO2流量25L/h、夹带剂无水乙醇的用量2mL/g。经紫外分光光度法分析,在此条件下,每千克小麦胚芽提取总黄酮类物质量达8.029g。麦胚黄酮粗提物具有很强的抗氧化活性,可有效延缓油脂脂质过氧化反应;其抗氧化作用优于常规醇提法的麦胚黄酮粗提物、TBHQ和槲皮素的抗氧化性能,与其添加量呈正相关性;VC和柠檬酸对麦胚黄酮粗提物有一定的协同作用,VC增效作用大于柠檬酸。

CO_2超临界萃取技术提取被孢霉菌丝体油脂的研究

采用被孢霉菌丝体作为实验材料，比较系统地研究了在超临界状态下，预处理条件（水分含量、粉碎方法、粉碎度）、萃取条件（萃取温度与压力）、分离条件（分离温度与压力）对油脂萃取率的影响；分析了操作条件对油脂质量特别是γ－亚麻酸（ＧＬＡ）的影响；确定了最佳工艺路线，为批量生产提供了依据。

超临界CO_2萃取花椒果皮总黄酮的工艺

以七年生花椒果皮为原料,进行超临界CO2萃取分离花椒总黄酮的工艺研究,采用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠法对萃取物中的总黄酮含量进行了定量测定,重点考察了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间以及夹带剂用量对总黄酮得率的影响。正交实验结果表明,各种因素对花椒萃取率的影响的程度从高到低依次为:萃取温度>萃取压力>萃取时间>夹带剂用量。超临界CO2流体萃取花椒黄酮的优化条件为:萃取温度为50℃,萃取压力35MPa,萃取时间150min,夹带剂用量4mL/g,此时花椒总黄酮提取率为19.574%。