Cross-regional emergency scheduling planning for petroleum based on the supernetwork model

Petroleum, the most important energy source in the world, plays an essential role in securing economic development. If a petroleum shortage happens, it will severely disrupt production and life. Cross-regional emergency scheduling can effectively alleviate a petroleum shortage and further enhance the efficiency of the emergency response. Considering the general lack of focus on cross-regional petroleum dispatching management, we propose a three-layer emergency scheduling network for petroleum based on a supernetwork model that can increase the regional emergency correlation by adding a transfer management process. Then, we compare the total demand for petroleum and the emergency costs considered in the petroleum emergency scheduling supernetwork model（the single-region and the cross-region scenarios）.The result shows that the cross-regional emergency scheduling pattern can effectively enhance the efficiency of the emergency preparations and reduce the emergency costs in most cases. However, when the vulnerabilities in the crossregional link grow or the regional linkage decreases, the effect of single-regional scheduling is better. In addition, the advantages of the cross-regional emergency scheduling network will be strengthened with an increase in its maximum emergency capability. Nonetheless, this advantage will disappear when the petroleum demand in the crisis layer reaches the maximum emergency response capacity. Finally, according to the comparative analysis simulation among scenarios,certain strategic policy recommendations are suggested to improve the petroleum emergency scheduling ability in regions.These recommendations include strengthening the cross-regional coordination mechanism, increasing the modes of petroleum transportation and enhancing the carrying capacity of regional emergency routes.

The Supernetwork Model of Social Networking Services

The unique ways of information organization and dissemination was examined through the microblog and the real-name social network as the representatives of the new virtual social networks. In order to discuss the interrelation and interaction of the two dimensions-topic and user, a supernetwork model was established based on the supernetwork research method. Through the actual data, a supernetwork topology diagram and the changing rule of user participation were attained. And it was concluded that the key factor of dealing with emergent online public sentiment should start with affecting the opinions of key figures, whose opinions would further affect the public opinions.

A new coupled-map car-following model based on a transportation supernetwork framework

A new car-following model is proposed by considering information from a number of preceding vehicles with intervehicle communication. A supernetwork architecture is first described, which has two layers： a traffic network and a communication network. The two networks interact with and depend on each other. The error dynamic system around the steady state of the model is theoretically analyzed and some nonjam criteria are derived. A simple control signal is added to the model to analyze the criteria of suppressing traffic jams. The corresponding numerical simulations confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Compared with previous studies concerning coupled map models, the controlled model proposed in this paper is more reasonable and also more effective in the sense that it takes into account the formation of traffic congestion.

Is Participating in MOOC Forums Important for Students？ A Data-driven Study from the Perspective of the Supernetwork

Purpose： Compared with traditional course materials used in the classroom, the massive open online course（MOOC） forum that delivers unlimited learning content to students has various advantages. Yet MOOC has also received criticism recently, notably the problem of extremely low participation rates in its discussion forums. This study aims to explore the correlation between forum activity and student course grade in MOOC, and identify more accurately the forum activity levels of participants and the quality of threads in MOOC.Design/Methodology/Approach： We crawled students’ tests, final exams, exercises, discussions performance data and total scores from a course in Chinese College MOOC from May 2014 to August 2014. And we use the data to analyze the correlation between Forum Participation and Course Performance based on nonparametric tests as well as multiple linear regressions with the software of R. The study provides definitions and algorithms of super degrees based on the supernetwork model to help find high-quality threads and active participants.Findings： A positive correlation between forum activity and course grade is found in this study. Students who participate in the forum have better performance than those who do not. Using the definitions and algorithms of super degrees in the supernetwork, forum activity levels of participants as well as the quality of threads they employ are identified. Research limitation： Only limited representative forum participants and threads are used to analyze the activity level and significance of the MOOC forum. Also, the study only investigates one Chinese course on information retrieval. More data and more data sources could be helpful in better understanding the MOOC forum phenomenon.Practical implications： As super degrees can reveal more latent information and recognize high-quality threads as well as active participants, these parameters can be used to assess needs to improve forum settings and alleviate the problem of low forum participation. The proposed super degrees can be applied in social network domains for further research.Originality/Value： Definitions and algorithms of super degrees are provided and used for forum analysis. Super degrees can be applied to find high-quality threads and active participants, which is beneficial to guide students to participate in these high-quality threads and have a better understanding of knowledge MOOC provides.

基于线上-线下超网络模型的舆论演化仿真分析

目前在舆论演化模型及其动力学规则的研究中大多数都没有考虑线下网络,导致其无法真实反映舆论传播过程。为解决上述问题,首先利用线上-线下社交网络映射方法得到线上-线下社交网络拓扑结构;然后构建线上-线下超网络模型,集成舆论事件态势信息形成舆论演化仿真环境;最后,利用传播学原理制定线上-线下超网络模型动力学交互规则,进行舆论动力学仿真。将提出型用于事件实例分析,仿真结果与舆论事件实际发展情况之间的余弦相似度达到0.99,平均差值为1%。实验结果表明,所提模型取得了比其他方法更好的仿真效果,验证了线上-线下超网络模型和舆论动力学交互规则的正确性和有效性。

Multi-state supernetworks:recent progress and prospects

Supernetworks have long been adopted to address multi-dimensional choice problems, which are thorny to solve for classic singular networks. Originated from combining transport mode and route choice into a multi-modal network, supernetworks have been extended into multi-state networks to include activity-travel scheduling, centered around activity-based models of travel demand. A key feature of the network extensions is that multiple choice facets pertaining to conducting a full activity program can be modeled in a consistent and integrative fashion. Thus, interdependencies and constraints between related choice facets can be readily captured. Given this advantage of integrity, the modeling of supernetwork has become an emerging topic in transportation research. This paper summarizes the recent progress in modeling multi-state supernetworks and discusses future prospects.

An efficient algorithm for solving supply chain network equilibria and equivalent supernetwork based traffic network equilibria

This paper is concerned with the algorithm of the supply chain network equilibrium model and its equivalent supernetwork based traffic network equilibrium model with elastic demands. Both models are further written as nonlinear complementarity problems. Semismooth least squares reformulations of the complementarity problems are presented and their convergence properties are investigated. Considering the drawbacks of Quasi-Newton method (using the Fischer-Burmeister function), a semi-smooth Levenberg-Marquardt-type method is proposed to solve the problems. Numerical examples show that the Levenberg-Marquardt-type method can solve the supply chain network equilibrium model and its equivalent supernetwork based traffic network equilibrium model significantly, and is more efficient than the Quasi Newton method and the modified projection method. Furthermore, the Levenberg-Marquardt-type method with the equivalent supernetwork based complementarity formulation can be implemented faster than with the supply chain network equilibrium complementarity formulation.

Optimization of Key Predistribution Protocol Based on Supernetworks Theory in Heterogeneous WSN

This work develops an equilibrium model for finding the optimal distribution strategy to maximize performance of key predistribution protocols in terms of cost, resilience, connectivity, and lifetime. As an essential attribute of wireless sensor networks, heterogeneity and its impacts on random key predistribution protocols are first discussed. Using supernetworks theory, the optimal node deployment model is proposed and illustrated. In order to find the equilibrium performance of our model, all optimal performance functions are changed into variational inequalities so that this optimization problem can be solved. A small-scale example is presented to illustrate the applicability of our model.

Space-time prisms in multimodal supernetwork-Part 2:Application for analyses of accessibility and equality

Space-time prism(STP)is a fundamental concept in time geography and has been predominately constructed in unimodal transportation networks.Due to the vast trip chaining options by private vehicles and public transportation,it was challenging to construct STP over multimodal transportation networks.We previously put forward an efficient method to narrow down the action space for trip chaining and construct STPs effectively in a multimodal supernetwork.This study applies multimodal STP modeling to measure space-time accessibility and equality of daily activity opportunities.Two equality measures(Gini coefficient and 20:20 ratio)are derived from two space-time accessibility measures based on delineated STPs.We examine the equality of access to shopping and leisure opportunities in the Rotterdam-The Hague metropolitan area,the Netherlands.The results show the effects of various factors on accessibility and equality.It is found that although the study area has relatively low inequality using single modes,multimodal trip chaining further reduces inequality to access the distributed space-time opportunities.

Space-time prism in multimodal supernetwork-Part 1:Methodology

Space-time prism(STP)modeling offers a theoretical base for various person-based space-time accessibility measures.It has been challenging to construct STPs in multimodal transportation networks because of the vast multimodal trip chaining options between private vehicles and public transportation.This study suggests an effective method for narrowing down the trip chaining space.The method involves three incremental strategies to eliminate parking locations that contribute little to enlarging the STP.First,an upper bound potential path area(PPA)is constructed to remove all inferior parking locations.Second,the study area is partitioned and only complementary parking locations attractive to trip chaining are selected.Third,triangular inequalities are applied for pruning.The selected parking locations are used to construct a compact multimodal supernetwork encompassing one episode of activity participation.Consequently,the STP and PPA can be found by an existing twostage bidirectional search method.Experimental tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.It is found that 1-2 orders of speedups can be achieved with little compromising the accuracy of measuring space-time accessibility.The suggested method is applicable for measuring space-time accessibility in large-scale multimodal transportation networks.

依存型超网络视角下江西省创新合作时空演进特征

依托联合发明专利授权数据构建区域创新合作多层超网络模型,并运用该模型分析2010—2021年江西省的知识多样性、知识独特性、主体空间辐射度、城市主体承载度等协同创新特征。结果表明,创新主体对于知识的开发力度在逐渐增强,科研院所支撑力不足;高校、电力企业及研究所、医药及医疗器械公司是城市间协同创新的关键,高校是区域开展探索式创新的核心;城市内部创新合作更为活跃,同城市外的创新活动合作频率呈现上升趋,作业运输和化学冶金是江西协同创新的重点领域。基于此,提出优化区域创新合作技术知识组合结构、增强科研院所创新合作的参与度、完善创新主体之间的良性互动渠道等相关政策建议。

空铁复合超网络中旅客快速组合出行路径规划

针对中长途旅客组合出行规划困难、规划路径个性化不足等问题,以航空网络、高铁网络以及空铁换乘网络三者构成的空铁复合超网络作为网络基础,综合考虑出行时间、出行费用、方便性、舒适性和可靠性5个影响因素,并借助旅客时间价值进行量纲一致化处理,构建出以旅客效用最大化为目标的组合出行路径选择模型。从旅客角度出发,将旅客细分为时间敏感型和价格敏感型,采用深度优先遍历算法求解出网络中的有效及最优组合出行路径,以期为异质性旅客提供更加精细化的出行方案,同时为相关部门合理配置空铁运力资源、提升空铁运输效能提供理论参考。通过“北京-广州”的算例分析,证明了模型和算法的可行性和有效性,能够实现组合出行路径的有效识别,而旅客类型影响最优出行路径的结果。

组织知识系统的知识超网络模型及应用

利用网络模型研究知识系统,是当前知识管理研究者感兴趣的热点问题之一.现有的单一要素模式的知识网络不能反映组织知识系统的复杂构成和整体结构.采用超网络的思想和方法对这一问题进行了研究,提出了组织知识系统的知识超网络模型.该模型由三种节点、六种边构成,可用于表示组织知识系统中的知识、人、存储载体等三类要素及其之间的复杂关系,因而可反映组织知识系统的复杂构成及结构形态.文中对模型的应用做了初步探讨,包括:知识组织、知识表示、知识结构分析、知识定位搜索、分析组织知识管理活动等.该模型为组织知识管理提供了一种新的工具和思路.

基于超网络的知识传播趋势分析

分析知识传播趋势能够了解掌握该知识的人员个数的变化趋势，进而分辨出热点、新兴、消亡等知识。针对目前只根据专家经验定性判断知识传播趋势的不足，提出了一种利用超网络模型分析知识传播趋势的定量方法。研究中首先通过知识挖掘获取蕴含在知识载体中的知识元，然后按照数据种类的不同分别构建知识网络、人员网络和物质载体网络，利用不同网络之间存在的关系建立超网络模型。在构建的超网络中，根据知识和人员之间的关系，定量计算用来衡量知识传播广度与知识传播深度的指标，利用这两个指标的动态变化情况分析知识传播趋势。最后给出一个实例对模型和方法进行验证。

基于超网络理论的军事通信网络复杂性度量方法

针对军事通信网络的结构和功能特点,在建立军事通信超网络描述模型的基础上,定义了超网络邻接矩阵、节点分类连接矩阵、类型匹配指数、超网络模体、模体核和模体熵等概念;通过分析超网络模体的特点,提出使用超网络模体熵来度量网络复杂性,给出了具体的计算方法;最后以某舰艇编队通信网络为例,对比分析了已有网络结构复杂性指标和超网络模体熵所度量的网络特征,说明在网络结构确定的情况下,超网络模体熵可以度量网络的功能复杂性。

网购供应链中的竞争和协调若干问题

针对目前急剧增长的网购经济和网络快递现状,提出网购供应链的概念,描述其结构并分析特点.为研究网购供应链中网商和快递服务商的竞争和协调等问题建立分析框架,提出若干值得研究的科学问题.揭示这些问题具有重要的科学研究价值和实践指导意义,可为促进网购经济、政府对网购快递行业进行规制提供理论依据.

基于扩展粒度计算的防空体系结构超网络模型

提出一种防空体系结构超网络模型。通过将作战对象和连接方式分别抽象为不同信息粒度,给出了防空体系结构的粒度表示;在此基础上,构建防空体系结构分层粒度下的'二层四网'超网络架构;并在架构内,分析防空体系结构内部各功能网络的信息流交互关系。通过扩展粒度计算方法,从纵向研究粗细粒度视角下的防空体系结构分层转化关系,从横向研究防空作战功能网络之间'反射工作流'映射机制,构建出防空体系结构超网络模型。最后通过案例验证了模型能有效揭示防空体系结构内部运行的规律。

三层超网络演化模型特性研究

为了揭示超网络的某些特性,提出和建立了基于小世界模型和无标度模型混合的4种三层超网络演化模型,并定义了两种层次交叉度用于表征超网络中不同层次节点之间的合作与竞争关系,数值模拟表明:层次交叉度不仅可用于分析超网络不同层次之间节点的相互合作与竞争的关系,还能描述和量化超网络的鲁棒性,研究结果从理论上进一步完善了多层次的超网络演化模型,并为应用研究打下了基础。

具有随机供需特征的物流超网络优化模型研究

为了能向日益复杂的物流需求提供针对性的物流服务,本文构造了物流供需超网络,分析了其结构特征,考虑需求网络中的随机需求特性和供给网络中的供给能力随机变化特点,以及物流活动带来的货损情况,运用供需匹配思想,以商品的需求和供给为变量,货损及供给能力为约束条件,建立随机供需特征的超网络模型.将模型转换为变分不等式,并设计了基于改进的欧拉算法的求解方法.算例计算分析表明,以需求网络中每条通道的物流广义费用去优化设计物流供给方案,可提高物流服务质量,降低物流运作成本,而供给能力不确定与货损直接影响了供给网络与需求网络之间的匹配程度.

低碳理念下基于超网络的物流企业车辆资源合作研究

构造一个以不同类型车辆数量为网络流、面向所服务的"生产商-零售商"两层级车辆资源合作超网络结构,建立各物流企业同时满足运营利润最高和碳排放量最低的多目标优化模型,利用变分不等式理论求解整个超网络达到最优均衡状态时的车辆配置方案。以A和B为例,对两整车物流企业选择车辆资源合作的共同配送模式进行可行性分析,通过数值仿真讨论碳税、车辆合作使用率等参数对物流企业车辆合作优化决策的重要影响。