Study on Independent Supervision Function of Design Assurance System

The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose of the independent supervision function is to ensure that the system operates within the scope of procedures and manuals.At present,the function of independent supervision is a difficult and confusing issue for various original equipment manufacturers as well as suppliers,and there is an urgent requirement to put forward relevant requirements and form relevant methods.Based on the above mentioned objective,the basic requirements of the independent supervision function of design assurance system were studied,the problems and deficiencies in the organization,staffing,and methods existing in the current independent supervision function were analyzed,the improvement suggestions and measures for the performance of the independent supervision function from the aspects of the organization,staffing,procedures,and suppliers were put forward.The present work and conclusions provide guidance and direction for the effective operation of the design assurance system.

Comparison and Enlightenment of China's and EU's Food Safety Supervision Systems

Food is the paramount necessity of the people,and safety is most essential for food. Food safety is related to people's fundamental interests,affecting people's basic health. It is an important factor in promoting people's livelihood development and social progress. Compared with European countries and the United States in developed food safety supervision systems,the development of food safety supervision system in China is still relatively backward. As food safety supervision is not in place,food safety incidents have occurred in recent years,so that public's panic about food safety has intensified. It has a strong impact on social stability and the food economy. Thus,strengthening the construction of food safety supervision system is imperative. Since experiencing a series of food safety incidents,the EU has gradually improved its food safety supervision system and has developed the most comprehensive and mature food safety supervision system in the world. On the basis of sorting out the characteristics of EU's food safety supervision system,the development direction of China's food safety supervision system is proposed from four aspects: supervisor,legal system,law enforcement ability and safety standards.

Problems of Rural Food Safety and Strategies of Constructing Supervision System

This paper expounds the practical necessity of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system as follows: it is the necessary requirements of guaranteeing people's health and life safety; it is an important component of governmental function of social management and the logical extension of administrative responsibilities; it is the basis of maintaining order of rural society and constructing harmonious society. The main problems existing in the supervision of rural food safety are analyzed as follows: first, the legislative work of rural food safety lags behind to some extent; second, the supervision of governmental departments on rural food safety is insufficient; third, the industrial supervision mechanism of rural food security is not perfect; fourth, the role of rural social organizations in supervising food safety is limited; fifth, the farmers' awareness of food safety supervision is not strong. Based on these problems, the targeted strategies of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system are put forward as follows: accelerate the legislation of rural food safety, and ensure that there are laws to go by; give play to the dominant role of government, and strengthen administrative supervision on rural food safety; perfect industrial convention of rural food safety, and improve industrial supervision mechanism; actively support the fostering of social organizations, and give play to the role of supervision of organizations; cultivate correct concept of rights and obligations of farmers, and form awareness of food safety supervision.

Research on Cooperation Mechanism of China's Financial Regulation and Supervision System

Financial regulation and supervision is an important subject in finance research. After the U. S. subprime mortgage crisis,the weakness in this field becomes the research focus. Every country attaches importance to strengthen the financial supervision and management. But the financial regulatory system is a large system,and the process of model building and index selection is very complicated. A model for China's financial regulation and supervision system was proposed and a system evaluation method was improved. A more exact result was drawn by choosing 2003- 2009 index data.

Innovation of Supervision System for Quality and Safety of Edible Agricultural Products

This paper elaborated multidimensional characteristics of quality and safety of agricultural products,introduced current situation of quality and safety supervision of edible agricultural products in China,analyzed existing problems of quality and safety supervision system and corresponding reasons,and finally came up with recommendations for innovation of supervision system for quality and safety of agricultural products.

Research on the supervision system of social security fund ——based on the diversified supervision subject

Social security fund is the foundation of the social security to run, so to strengthen the supervision of social security fund, and promote the sustainable development of it is particularly important. However, the supervision of social security fund of China exists many difficulties at present. In this paper ,the author will be based on the angle of the diversity of regulation, and put forward some relevant suggestions to improve the system of supervision of social security fund.

Influencing Factors and Path Choice of Rebuilding Rural Financial Supervision System

The necessity of rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision system is expounded. Rebuilding rural financial supervision system is conducive to normalizing rural financial order and forming the benign competitive situation; to clarifying the role played by rural financial organization and providing better financial services for "three agriculture";to forming safe rural financial environment to promote the development of rural economy and national economy. The restricting factors of rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision system are analyzed. The major reasons are that rural financial legislation is relatively backward and the supervision department lacks the necessary legal basis. The administrative supervision is insufficient, which lead to the mal-position, administrative offside and vacancy of rural financial supervision;rural financial organization mechanism is unreasonable and the internal supervision mechanism is relatively bad;supervision organization of rural financial industry is imperfect and the function is imperfect; public's supervision awareness is weak and social supervision mechanism develops slowly. The paths for rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision system are put forward including accelerating rural financial legislation to provide perfect legal evidence for rural financial supervision system; clarifying the position on governmental functions and fully displaying the leading role of rural financial supervision; establishing specialized rural financial supervision organization to perfect its supervision functions; vigorously cultivating people's supervision awareness to promote the development of social supervision mechanism.

Research on the Status Quo and Supervision Mechanism of Food Safety in China

Food safety supervision mechanism is a strong guarantee to promote the smooth implementation of China's food safety laws and regulations,and it is implemented through legal,administrative,economic,moral and other integrated policy instruments,as well as media publicity,quality traceability,network tracking,information disclosure and other non-administrative means. Along with strengthening supervision and control means,the people's food safety in China is safeguarded,and the healthy development of the food industry is promoted.

基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系构建

目的 血站管理者可以实时对血站全流程关键业务运行态势进行全流程掌握,实现对血站业务全流程的监督管理,提升业务工作效率和保障血液质量。方法 从编制依据、血站业务范围、岗位监督管理内容、总体框架设计、管理系统和监督管理界面设计、物理数据库设计、程序开发和上线调试等多个方面,建立业务全流程监督管理体系,并将其与血站管理信息系统进行对接,及时、全面地记录从采血到供血全过程的业务流程关键指标信息,通过手机APP的方式进行展示和管理,于2023年投入血站使用后对2023年和2022年总采集量、总制备量、总供应量,以及检验不合格报废率和非检验不合格报废率(不含乳糜)进行统计分析。结果 建立了基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系的手机APP,实现了“移动办公”式监督管理,2023年正式投入使用后,2023年总采集量、总制备量和总供应量均高于2022年,分别增长5.88%(13 247/225 454 U)、4.73%(24 156/510 698 U)、6.70%(34 814/519 914 U),检验报废率(0.54%,2 868/534 854 U)显著低于2022年(0.60%,3 047/510 698 U)(P<0.01),非检验报废率(不含乳糜)(0.12%,649/534 854 U)显著低于2022年(0.19%,991/510 698 U)(P<0.01)。结论 基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系的构建,可以满足血站不同管理者不限时间和地点的标准化管理服务需求,实现对业务全流程的监督管理,还可以持续提升血站业务工作和血站管理的规范化、科学化水平,保障血液资源供应。

努力构建党内全过程监督体系

长期以来,我们重视自上而下的监督,不够重视自下而上的监督,没有构建起全过程监督体系。造成领导干部特别是“一把手”贪腐问题屡禁不止。要解决这个问题,必须构建并不断完善党内全过程监督体系。全过程监督体系,坚持党中央的集中统一领导,坚持纪委监委专门监督责任,坚持民主监督与集中监督的有机结合,坚持自上而下监督与自下而上监督相结合。当务之急,是要建立健全党内全过程监督制度,进一步明确监督主体、监督对象、监督体制机制。发挥同级党组织相互监督的作用。改进自下而上的民主监督。积极推进对“一把手”和领导班子的监督。加强领导班子成员之间相互监督。加强各级党委对监督工作的领导。强化对干部管理工作的监督,完善干部选举和任用工作监督、“一把手”和领导班子决策监督。加强对党内全过程监督体系构建的领导与管理。

Strengthening the Security of Supervised Networks by Automating Hardening Mechanisms

In recent years, the place occupied by the various manifestations of cyber-crime in companies has been considerable. Indeed, due to the rapid evolution of telecommunications technologies, companies, regardless of their size or sector of activity, are now the target of advanced persistent threats. The Work 2035 study also revealed that cyber crimes (such as critical infrastructure hacks) and massive data breaches are major sources of concern. Thus, it is important for organizations to guarantee a minimum level of security to avoid potential attacks that can cause paralysis of systems, loss of sensitive data, exposure to blackmail, damage to reputation or even a commercial harm. To do this, among other means, hardening is used, the main objective of which is to reduce the attack surface within a company. The execution of the hardening configurations as well as the verification of these are carried out on the servers and network equipment with the aim of reducing the number of openings present by keeping only those which are necessary for proper operation. However, nowadays, in many companies, these tasks are done manually. As a result, the execution and verification of hardening configurations are very often subject to potential errors but also highly consuming human and financial resources. The problem is that it is essential for operators to maintain an optimal level of security while minimizing costs, hence the interest in automating hardening processes and verifying the hardening of servers and network equipment. It is in this logic that we propose within the framework of this work the reinforcement of the security of the information systems (IS) by the automation of the mechanisms of hardening. In our work, we have, on the one hand, set up a hardening procedure in accordance with international security standards for servers, routers and switches and, on the other hand, designed and produced a functional application which makes it possible to: 1) Realise the configuration of the hardening;2) Verify them;3) Correct the non conformities;4) Write and send by mail a verification report for the configurations;5) And finally update the procedures of hardening. Our web application thus created allows in less than fifteen (15) minutes actions that previously took at least five (5) hours of time. This allows supervised network operators to save time and money, but also to improve their security standards in line with international standards.

挂牌督办:中国式行政督查制度

为有效应对日趋复杂的安全治理形势,发轫于社会治安治理而后被推广至生态环保、安全生产等领域的挂牌督办制度,将中国特色的督查机制创造性融入复杂的治理场景之中,取得了显著的治理成效,成为近年来被频繁使用和研究的中国公共管理关键词。挂牌督办所蕴含的政治压力、社会压力和时间压力形成了强大的政治势能,促使地方政府及其职能部门等督办客体迅即强化其政治执行力、组织协同力和社会回应力,进而在较短的时间内完成中央政策目标、提升安全治理效能。同时,我们应秉持理性科学的态度客观评估挂牌督办的治理绩效,在厘清其效能边界的基础上,以更高质量的研究工作清晰识别其运行的底层逻辑,为确保挂牌督办制度始终发挥正向功能提供对策参考。

推动党内监督和党外监督贯通协同:依据、效力与进路

推动党内监督和党外监督贯通协同根源于马克思主义经典作家的权力监督思想,审视于西方权力制约与监督思想的批判扬弃,实践于中国共产党人对百年监督历程的探索。推动党内监督和党外监督贯通协同对于党走好长期执政条件下解决自身问题、跳出历史周期率的成功之路具有重大的价值意蕴。新时代,各类监督方式、监督环节、监督领域的关联性和交融性显著增强,但监督领域贯通不深、协同不畅的问题依然存在。通过做好顶层设计、畅通监督梗阻、规范工作流程、压实各级责任,进一步推动党内监督和党外监督贯通协同,释放出更为强大的监督效能。

“五四宪法”对国家监督体系的奠基

“五四宪法”奠定了新中国国家监督体系的基本框架。“五四宪法”建立的国家监督体系以人大制度为基础,以行政监察和检察监督为重要方式,政协发挥着政治监督的功能。这一体系确定了人民代表大会在国家机构体系中的基础地位,丰富了以民主集中制为原则的权力运行机制,巩固了中国共产党的领导核心地位。但是,这一体系存在着宪法实施不足、监督内涵缺失和党内监督弱化的问题。以“五四宪法”为参照,未来要坚持与完善党和国家监督体系,须着力实现党内监督和国家监督的贯通融合,国家监督体系内部的协调衔接,民主制度和程序的完善便捷,公民基本权利的充分保障。

中国特色纪检监察学话语体系构建的基本维度

纪检监察学是新设立的法学门类下一级学科。作为新兴学科,学科话语建设是其中一个重要环节。纪检监察学话语体系是聚集于中国特色纪检监察实践活动之上形成的一系列概念、思想、观念或知识理论的外化表达。纪检监察学话语体系本质上包含观念系统、符号系统和传播系统三个层面的内涵。本文从这三个层面的内涵出发,尝试提出纪检监察学话语体系构建的基本维度,其一,基于中国古代监察历史的维度,传承与转化厚重的监察话语资源;其二,基于中国共产党百年历史维度,锚定与厘清纪检监察学话语体系构建的逻辑主线;其三,基于时代特色维度,总结和提炼纪检监察学标识性的关键要素;其四,基于国际视野维度,连接与对话可交流的共识性知识谱系;其五,基于当代价值维度,跟踪与反映正在行进中的动态性话语表达。

监察法规的法律属性、位阶与规制——基于《立法法》第118条的学理阐释

2023年新修订的《立法法》在“附则”中对国家监察委员会监察法规的制定和备案作出了规定,但监察法规的法律属性、效力位阶及备案审查程序等问题则未具体展开。在中国宪制框架下,监察法规是中国特色社会主义法律体系的重要组成部分,也是监察法律法规体系中的重要内容。通过国家法规体系内部比较发现,监察法规是中国立法体制中的一种新型法规形式,其位阶应与行政法规、军事法规相当。加强对监察法规的法律规制,是深化国家监察体制改革和全面推进依法治国的重要之举,其具体规制路径是以监察法规的制定、实施、监督为着力点,修正《监察法》《立法法》相关条款,制定《监察立法工作条例》,健全新时代中国特色监察法律法规体系。

监察职能向基层延伸的制度逻辑及实践展开

监察职能向基层延伸是健全党和国家监督体系题中应有之义,是构建国家监察法治体系的内在要求,是推进基层治理体系和治理能力现代化的客观需要。顶层设计和基层探索同向发力,推动着监察职能向基层延伸组织形式的层级化结构趋于合理、监督执法的职责内容渐至明晰、权限手段的运用日益规范、配套制度的供给不断充裕。在问题导向基层治理模式下,监察职能向基层延伸的实施难题进一步化约为两大制度困境:正式制度与其实施机制的契合度偏差、基层探索的合法性根基不稳。新形势下,欲实现监察职能向基层延伸制度困境之“超克”,需要强化配套制度供给以构建系统完备的制度体系;需要创造性运用新时代“枫桥经验”,以高效的实施机制推动制度体系的全面实施。

跨境电商助力“双循环”经济发展研究与探讨

近年来,依托互联网技术和数字经济的发展,在国家政策的积极引导和基础设施的全面建设下,跨境电子商务产业发展势头强劲,已成为我国重要的贸易新业态、新模式,也是全球经济增长的新动能、新引擎,在国内国际“双循环”经济发展中扮演着重要角色。然而,当前国际政治大环境的恶化、新冠疫情以及跨境电商自身发展缺陷等因素,都对我国国内国际经济“双循环”的进一步良性发展产生了影响。因此,应积极参与构建经济贸易全球化、完善跨境电商行业监管体系、“校政企行”多方参与专业人才培养、创新拉动内需,从而释放国内经济发展的潜力,提高我国经济在全球范围内的竞争力。

国资监管体制改革与国有企业投资效率

国资监管体制已由“管资产与管人管事相结合”的模式向以“管资本”为主的模式转变,这为国有企业的高质量发展提供了制度保障。本文以2009—2019年中国沪深A股上市国有企业为样本,实证检验国资监管体制改革对国有企业投资效率的影响。研究结果表明,国资监管体制改革显著提升了国有企业投资效率,代理成本降低与政府干预弱化在其中发挥了中介作用。进一步研究发现,政府治理水平在国资监管体制改革与国有企业投资效率之间具有正向调节作用。异质性分析发现,在非西部地区和金字塔层级低的国有企业中,国资监管体制改革对其投资效率的提升作用更显著。经济后果检验表明,国资监管体制改革通过提高国有企业投资效率提升了国有企业价值。研究结论为进一步深化国资国企改革提供了经验证据。

食品经营企业行政责任主体双罚制分离构想

研究以《食品安全法》第75条为基础,深入探讨了食品经营企业行政责任主体双罚制的分离构想。首先,分析现行行政责任主体双罚制的主要问题和挑战。然后,提出了3个创新的制度设计,包括科技驱动的监管、弹性罚款制度和负责任的供应链管理。在科技驱动的监管部分,探索了如何利用大数据、AI和区块链等现代科技实现更精确、及时和有效的食品安全监管。在弹性罚款制度部分,设计一种罚款制度,其中罚款的大小与违规行为的严重性、企业的规模和财务状况等因素挂钩,以实现更公平和有效的惩罚。在负责任的供应链管理部分,强调了企业应建立全面的食品安全供应链管理制度,以防止供应链中的食品安全问题。