Optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors for automated manufacturing systems

Deadlock avoidance problems are investigated for automated manufacturing systems with flexible routings. Based on the Petri net models of the systems, this paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of perfect maximal resourcetransition circuits and their saturated states. The concept facilitates the development of system liveness characterization and deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors. Deadlock is characterized as some perfect maximal resource-transition circuits reaching their saturated states. For a large class of manufacturing systems, which do not contain center resources, the optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors are presented. For a general manufacturing system, a method is proposed for reducing the system Petri net model so that the reduced model does not contain center resources and, hence, has optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisor. The controlled reduced Petri net model can then be used as the liveness supervisor of the system.

Synthesis of Petri net supervisors enforcing general constraints

This paper deals with the synthesis of Petri net supervisor enforcing the more expressive constraints including marking terms, firing vector terms and Parikh vector terms. The method is developed to handle uncontrollable and unobservable transitions existing in the constraints. The “greater-than or equal” general constraints can also be transformed into “less-than or equal” Parikh constraints. An example is analyzed to show how the problem is solved. General constraint is first transformed into Parikh vector constraints, and Matrix-Transformation is proposed to obtain the admissible constraints without uncontrollable and unobservable transitions. Then the supervisor can be constructed based on constraints only consisting of Parikh vector terms. The method is proved to be more concise and effective than the method presented by Iordache and Moody especially when applied to large scale systems.

Public Building Supervisors＇ Assessment of Site Progress Record Keeping Practices in Abuja, Nigeria

The importance of good site progress records in quality assurance; tracking project progress; preparing, analyzing and resolving claims; and placing responsibilities in the event of dispute in building contracts is widely recognized. This study engaged Public Building Supervisors in the assessment of site progress record keeping practices in Abuja. A simple structured questionnaire （which mainly assessed the nature and importance of records kept, reasons for keeping them; level of satisfaction with the current approach, challenges and practical ways of improving the practice） was administrated to a hundred of the supervisors, out of which seventy one was properly completed and returned. The results show that all five site progress documents （minutes of progress meetings, day-work sheets, photographs, weekly site records and personal site diaries） found in literature, are in use in Abuja, and have at least a high importance rating （i.e., relative importance index, 0.6 〈 RII 〈 0.8）. Prominent among the reasons for keeping the records are： control of ongoing work （R11 = 0.83） data for estimating future works and terms of contract requirement （each with RII = 0.823）. Though the present record keeping practices were largely assessed satisfactory, 95% of the Supervisors still yearned for improvement. The challenges to the current practice are consistent with those identified in literature and are： continuity consistency, legibility and accountability; in descending order of frequency of occurrence. Computerization, regular inspection of progress documents by assigned supervisors and in-house training of site staff are recommended for improving the record keeping practices.

Non-Deterministic Liveness-Enforcing Supervisor Tolerant to Sensor-Reading Modification Attacks

In this paper, we study the supervisory control problem of discrete event systems assuming that cyber-attacks might occur. In particular, we focus on the problem of liveness enforcement and consider a sensor-reading modification attack(SM-attack) that may disguise the occurrence of an event as that of another event by intruding sensor communication channels. To solve the problem, we introduce non-deterministic supervisors in the paper, which associate to every observed sequence a set of possible control actions offline and choose a control action from the set randomly online to control the system. Specifically, given a bounded Petri net(PN) as the reference formalism and an SMattack, an algorithm that synthesizes a liveness-enforcing nondeterministic supervisor tolerant to the SM-attack is proposed for the first time.

Research on the Influence of Early Experience on the Growth Rate of Science and Engineering Graduate Supervisors

This research is based on three northeastern double first-class polytechnic universities.A total of 1628 science and engineering graduate supervisors?resumes were referred to from an official website by the random sampling method,of which only 500 supervisors were included in consideration of complete information,key events,and time in terms of the educational background(undergraduate school,graduate school,doctoral school,number of masters,number for Dr.),early work background(number of postdocs,number of overseas visits,numbers of research work),and the growth rate(period from graduation to associate professor title).The higher education background and early work background were defined as early experience,and the database of these 500 science and engineering graduate supervisors with complete resume information from three double first-class universities in northeastern China was established.In this study,the growth rate of the growth period was divided into two at the critical period:the growth rate of the graduate supervisor to associate professors.Through stepwise multiple regression analysis,it was found that higher education background(undergraduate schools,graduate schools,doctoral schools,as well as the number of master's and doctorate degrees)as well as early work background(number of postdoctoral work,research work,and overseas visits)have a significant impact on the growth rate of graduate supervisors to associate professors.

The Impact of Supervisory Career Support on Employees’Well-Being:A Dual Path Model of Opportunity and Ability

Background:In the pursuit of fostering employees’well-being,leaders are recognized as playing a vital role.However,so far,most of the existing research has focused on leadership behavior and the superficial interaction between leaders and members but has unexpectedly ignored the specific supporting role of supervisors in the career development of employees,that is,supervisory career support.Additionally,the internal mechanism of how career support from supervisors is related to and promotes employees’wellbeing is still unclear.Based on social cognitive career theory(SCCT),this study aimed to explore whether,how,and when supervisory career support affects employee well-being by introducing the two paths of‘career prospect’and‘career confidence.’Methods:During July 2023,this study employed a cross-sectional design.We gathered participants from corporate situated in Southern China.Results:Results based on a large sample of 14,533 employees showed that supervisory career support was positively related to employees’well-being through the dual path of career prospects(opportunity)and career confidence(ability).Employees high in proactive personality experienced the above positive effects most.Conclusion:This study provides meaningful implications for managers to implement personalized support strategies to improve employees’well-being.

比坡与厌坡:比坡文学的生成及其意义

古代作家常自比为东坡或被他人比作东坡,以示对苏轼的认同。另有一些作家厌恶东坡,对东坡作品予以指摘,是比坡的另类样态。比坡与厌坡生成比坡文学。比坡文学在内容上自比、他比东坡;形式上,多模拟、唱和东坡作品;风格上,多与东坡相类。诗论家对比坡文学的批评使比坡文学理论化。比坡文学推进了苏诗经典化,确立了苏轼唯一性,孕育出新的文学经典,在文学史上具有重要的意义。

New Recognized Intellect for Prospecting Large-superlarge Mineral Deposits

Based on the data base of 1285 mineral deposits of 22 commodities in 121 countries of 6 continents of the world, the authors use the linear trend analysis for their reserves to determine the cut-off limited order of reserves to select 36 exceptional superlarge （as peak mineral）, 95 superlarge and 314 large deposits as new recognized intellect for their quantitative change. We have projected above 445 large-superlarge deposits on （1：5 M） global tectonic background map and divided 4 metallogenic domains, 21 metallogenic belts. Global metallogeny of large-superlarge deposits are： unity by endogenic, exogenic metamorphic and epigenetic in origin; speciality in different metallogenic domains and belts; preferentiality to ore-forming elements of Cu, Au, Fe, Ag, Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb, Sb, Hg, to continental margins or plate convergent belts, to Intra-continental tectono-magmatic complex belts and Large ductile shear zones; abnormality by the global oxyatmversion （excess oxygen atmospheric event） in Archean, redoxyatmversion （lack oxygen atmospheric event） in Proterozoic-Paleozoic, and tectonosphere thermal erosion （great amount of tectonic magmatic event） in Mesozoic-Cenozoic.

Deadlock-free Supervisor Design for Robotic Manufacturing Cells With Uncontrollable and Unobservable Events

In this paper,a deadlock prevention policy for robotic manufacturing cells with uncontrollable and unobservable events is proposed based on a Petri net formalism.First,a Petri net for the deadlock control of such systems is defined.Its admissible markings and first-met inadmissible markings(FIMs)are introduced.Next,place invariants are designed via an integer linear program(ILP)to survive all admissible markings and prohibit all FIMs,keeping the underlying system from reaching deadlocks,livelocks,bad markings,and the markings that may evolve into them by firing uncontrollable transitions.ILP also ensures that the obtained deadlock-free supervisor does not observe any unobservable transition.In addition,the supervisor is guaranteed to be admissible and structurally minimal in terms of both control places and added arcs.The condition under which the supervisor is maximally permissive in behavior is given.Finally,experimental results with the proposed method and existing ones are given to show its effectiveness.

Michel Serres and the Posthumanism: Silencing, Recognizing, and Working on Absences

Faced with a socio-political-mediatic arena that continues to return the ballet of pandemic,climate change,fourth industrial revolution,sixth mass extinction,war etc.,the reflection of Michel Serres and Posthumanism put forth instances for silencing of the anthropocentric logos,and for recognition of the multiplicity,variety,possibility of things and of the human in co-belonging with them,as well as instances for working on these same multiplicities,varieties,possibilities,that are often absences,black holes,repressed of philosophical thought.

A NEWLY RECOGNIZED PRECANCEROUS LESION OF THE STOMACH (HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF GLOBOID DYSPLASIA OF HUMAN GASTRIC EPITHELIUM)

The histopathological features of the globoid dysplasia of the human gastric epithelium were described in detail and in series by means of observation of serial sections of 61 cases with globoid dys-plasias. Three grades were divided according to the architectural and cellular atypia of the globoid dys-plasias. The penetration of outer layer globoid dys-plastic cells through the basement membrane of 'the structure of double layers' appeared in typical globoid dysplasia grade II and the infiltration of the globoid dysplastic cells into stroma as well as the formation of incipient focus of signet ring cell carcinoma were described. The twinkling scene of the infiltration of the globoid dysplastic cells into lamina propria through the basement membrane, and the destroying of the basement membrane by the globoid dysplastic cells were shown by means of Gordon Sweet's staining. Through the analysis as for the distribution characteristics of ages and sexes in 61 globoid dysplasia cases and 51 signet ring cell carcinomas, a fact was discovered that the mobility of female cases was ten years prior to that of male ones in average. A conclusion could be made that the globoid dysplasia might be an important precan-cerous lesion of the signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach.

Frost & Sullivan Recognizes ZTE as 2011 LTE Vendor of the Year

ZTE Corporation announced on November 10, 2011 that it has been named LTE Vendor of the Year by leading consulting firm Frost ＆ Sullivan. The Frost ＆ Sullivan LTE Vendor of the Year award is given to companies that have achieved excellence in LTE. ZTE won the award for its growing number of secured contracts and also for its patent applications.

近义词realize和recognize的语言差异性研究——一项基于语料库的调查与对比分析

基于语料库的研究方法出现之后,语料库研究的成果已被广泛应用于外语教学。本文利用语料库的方法,对近义词realize和recognize进行对比,发现二者在语域分布、搭配词、语义韵和类联结方面都有差异。这样的区分比传统的方法更能直观明确地区分近义词,因此语料库方法应该更多被引入外语教学和学习。

Moving Human Posture Recognition Based on Joint Quaternion

Posture recognition plays an important role in many applications,such as security system and monitoring system.Joint quaternion combined with support vector machine(SVM) can solve the problem of moving human posture recognition.It is a simple and effective algorithm that only three joints are used as the feature points in the whole human skeleton.Using the quaternion of the three joints,a feature vector with five parameters in gait cycle is extracted.The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through an experimental study,and walking and running postures can be distinguished accurately.

RECOGNITION OF MODULATION SYSTEM IN COMMUNICATION

Recognition of modulation system is an important problem in the modern electronicreconnaissance.A general method for solving this problem is suggested in this paper.From asegment of a captured signal we can determine the modulation system and extract its parameterwith this method.The theoretical basis,algorithms and test results of this method are described.It has been proved that the method is very effective in practical situation.

Spatial information recognizing of ocean eddies based on virtual force field and its application

A new approach to detecting ocean eddies automatically from remote sensing imageries based on the ocean eddy＇s eigen-pattern in remote sensing imagery and ＂force field-based shape extracting method＂ is proposed. First, the analysis on extracting eddies＇ edges from remote sensing imagery using conventional edge detection arithmetic operators is performed and returns digitized vector edge data as a result. Second, attraction forces and fusion forces between edge curves were analyzed and calculated based on the vector eddy edges. Thirdly, the virtual significant spatial patterns of eddy were detected automatically using iterative repetition followed by optimized rule. Finally, the spatial form auto-detection of different types of ocean eddies was done using satellite images. The study verified that this is an effective way to identify and detect the ocean eddy with a complex form.

Research of recognizing intelligence based on commanding decision-making

In commanding decision-making, the commander usually needs to know a lot of situations（intelligence） on the adversary. Because of the military intelligence with opposability, it is inevitable that intelligence personnel take some deceptive information released by the rival as intelligence data in the process of intelligence gathering. Since the failure of intelligence is likely to lead to a serious aftereffect, the recognition of intelligence is a very important problem. An elementary research on recognizing military intelligence and puts forward a systematic processing method are made. First, the types and characteristics of military intelligence are briefly discussed, a research thought of recognizing military intelligence by means of recognizing military hypotheses are presented. Next, the reasoning mode and framework for recognizing military hypotheses are presented from the angle of psychology of intelligence analysis and non-monotonic reasoning. Then, a model for recognizing military hypothesis is built on the basis of fuzzy judgement information given by intelligence analysts. A calculative example shows that the model has the characteristics of simple calculation and good maneuverability. Last, the methods that selecting the most likely hypothesis from the survival hypotheses via final recognition are discussed.

Reliable Train Network with Active Supervisor

In this paper, a new reliable hierarchical model is suggested for a two-wagon train Networked Control System. Each wagon has a Controller that carries the control load and an Entertainment server that handles the entertainment. A supervisory controller runs on top of the two controllers and the two entertainment servers. Contrary to a similar model in the literature, the Supervisory node replaces a Controller as soon as it fails (Active Supervisor). All system states are analyzed and simulated using OPNET. It is shown that, for all states, this architecture has zero control packets dropped and the end-to-end delay is below the maximum target delay. A comparison between this Active model and the other model in the literature is presented. It is found that the entertainment in this new architecture is kept available for the passengers in more of the system states when compared to the architecture previously presented in the literature.

The US Chinese Anti.Cancer Association and the Asian Fund for Cancer Research Recognize Young Chinese Cancer Researchers with the 2016 USCACA–AFCR scholar awards

To foster and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States (US) and China, the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA), the National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR), and the Asian Fund for Cancer Research (AFCR) have established the USCACA-NFCR/ AFCR Scholarship Program in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Studies. Between 2010 and 2015, 24 junior Chinese cancer researchers and physicians have been recognized by this award for their outstanding achievements in cancer research accomplished both during their training in the US and after their returning to China [1-4]. In 2016, three young researchers were selected on the basis of their significant contributions in translational cancer research.

A Numerical Method of Statistical Pattern Recognition

A numerical method of statistical pattern recognition is proposed in this paper. Different from the discriminatory analysis method currently used in the mathemalic statistics, it is unnecessary to assume that the predictand should be subject to a certain distribution. On the contrary, the statistical relationship between predictand and predictor has been obtained directly with computer according to actual distribution to recognize the category of patterns. Result of forecast has been improved as compared with the usual analytic discriminatory method. The influence of predictor on predictand can be seen clearly from this method and the transparency is good. Therefore, it is better to use the method in very short range forecast for which causality is more obvious.