I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a sy...I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found 18 peer-reviewed publications in a time span between 2000 and 2016 that described the asymmetry of information between the insider group of board directors （including the CEO） and the outside board members. Our fmdings show that for the course of more than a decade, despite all changes and reforms, the role of board directors, whether insiders or outsiders, is still supplementary. They are treated more as advisors than active part in the decision-making process. We reveal different insider sources of information as forming social ties with the CEO and/or inside board directors and collaboration with Audit ＆ Supervisory Board （Kansayaku）, which can help reduce this asymmetry and improve the decision-making process. We assume that it will be easier for the outsiders to establish contacts and form social ties with the Audit ＆ Supervisory Board members because of their unspoken lower status and thus to obtain more information about the company internal affairs and discussions that take place during the informal meetings, where only insiders （including the CEO） are present.展开更多
Aims: The purpose of this work is to formulate the requirements for future methods of searching for extra-terrestrial civilizations by use of the concepts of information theory and the theoretically grounded method. M...Aims: The purpose of this work is to formulate the requirements for future methods of searching for extra-terrestrial civilizations by use of the concepts of information theory and the theoretically grounded method. Methodology: To realize it, the number of dimensionless criteria contained in the International System of Units (SI) has been calculated. This value, without additional assumptions, allows us to present a formula for calculating the comparative uncertainty of the model of any physical phenomenon. Based on these formulas, the magnitude of the inevitable threshold of misunderstanding of two civilizations in the universe is determined. Results: New theoretical recommendations for choosing the most effective methods to search the techno signatures of extra-terrestrial civilizations are formulated. Conclusion: Using the calculated amount of information embedded in the model, we showed that the most promising methods for finding potential residents in the Universe should combine frequency radiation with thermal or electromagnetic quantities.展开更多
Side information （SI） is one of the key issues in distributed video coding （DVC） and affects the compression performance of DVC largely. This paper proposes an SI refinement algorithm, in which the Wyner-Ziv （WZ...Side information （SI） is one of the key issues in distributed video coding （DVC） and affects the compression performance of DVC largely. This paper proposes an SI refinement algorithm, in which the Wyner-Ziv （WZ） frame is split into two parts based on checkerboard pattern, and the two parts are encoded independently but decoded sequentially. In the decoding process, the part 1 is first decoded with the initial SI and partially decoded part （PDP） 1 is used to improve the motion vectors （MVs） and SI of both parts. At the next stage, the part 2 is decoded with the improved SI and PDP 2 is used to further refine MVs of the part 2. Then, SI of both parts are further refined. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the peak signal to noise ratio （PSNR） by up to 1.43 dB when compared with traditional DVC codec.展开更多
In past years,growing efforts have been made to the rapid interpretation of magnetic field data acquired by a sparse synthetic or real magnetic sensor array.An appealing requirement on such sparse array arranged withi...In past years,growing efforts have been made to the rapid interpretation of magnetic field data acquired by a sparse synthetic or real magnetic sensor array.An appealing requirement on such sparse array arranged within a specified survey region is that to make the number of sensor elements as small as possible,meanwhile without deteriorating imaging quality.For this end,we propose a novel methodology of arranging sensors in an optimal manner,exploring the concept of information capacity developed originally in the communication society.The proposed scheme reduces mathematically the design of a sparse sensor array into solving a combinatorial optimization problem,which can be resolved efficiently using widely adopted Simultaneous Perturbation and Statistical Algorithm(SPSA).Three sets of numerical examples of designing optimal sensor array are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed methodology.展开更多
对于变电站不同时期开发的分散控制系统,实现其数据共享和集成是全面建设整个变电站监控信息系统(supervisory information system,SIS)的关键。为此,提出了一种基于可扩展标记语言(extensible markuplanguage,XML)的异构数据集成技术,...对于变电站不同时期开发的分散控制系统,实现其数据共享和集成是全面建设整个变电站监控信息系统(supervisory information system,SIS)的关键。为此,提出了一种基于可扩展标记语言(extensible markuplanguage,XML)的异构数据集成技术,并构造了一个以XML为数据交换格式,使用XML schema建立公共模型、Mediator集成模式的异构数据源集成中间件HDSIM,实现了变电站数据采集、监视、分析和保护一体化。最后给出了系统应用实例,应用结果表明了这种数据集成技术的有效性。展开更多
电厂监控信息系统(Supervisory Information System of Plant,SIS)能够有效地集成电力生产过程中的大量实时数据,建立起连接控制网络和管理网络的桥梁。从监控信息系统在电厂中的定位出发,综合相关文献,系统地论述了监控信息系统的体系...电厂监控信息系统(Supervisory Information System of Plant,SIS)能够有效地集成电力生产过程中的大量实时数据,建立起连接控制网络和管理网络的桥梁。从监控信息系统在电厂中的定位出发,综合相关文献,系统地论述了监控信息系统的体系结构及其功能组成,并结合电力生产的特点给出了发电企业在进行监控信息系统建设时需要遵循的几条基本准则。展开更多
文摘I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found 18 peer-reviewed publications in a time span between 2000 and 2016 that described the asymmetry of information between the insider group of board directors （including the CEO） and the outside board members. Our fmdings show that for the course of more than a decade, despite all changes and reforms, the role of board directors, whether insiders or outsiders, is still supplementary. They are treated more as advisors than active part in the decision-making process. We reveal different insider sources of information as forming social ties with the CEO and/or inside board directors and collaboration with Audit ＆ Supervisory Board （Kansayaku）, which can help reduce this asymmetry and improve the decision-making process. We assume that it will be easier for the outsiders to establish contacts and form social ties with the Audit ＆ Supervisory Board members because of their unspoken lower status and thus to obtain more information about the company internal affairs and discussions that take place during the informal meetings, where only insiders （including the CEO） are present.
文摘Aims: The purpose of this work is to formulate the requirements for future methods of searching for extra-terrestrial civilizations by use of the concepts of information theory and the theoretically grounded method. Methodology: To realize it, the number of dimensionless criteria contained in the International System of Units (SI) has been calculated. This value, without additional assumptions, allows us to present a formula for calculating the comparative uncertainty of the model of any physical phenomenon. Based on these formulas, the magnitude of the inevitable threshold of misunderstanding of two civilizations in the universe is determined. Results: New theoretical recommendations for choosing the most effective methods to search the techno signatures of extra-terrestrial civilizations are formulated. Conclusion: Using the calculated amount of information embedded in the model, we showed that the most promising methods for finding potential residents in the Universe should combine frequency radiation with thermal or electromagnetic quantities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 60736043, 60672088） and the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2009CB32005）.
文摘Side information （SI） is one of the key issues in distributed video coding （DVC） and affects the compression performance of DVC largely. This paper proposes an SI refinement algorithm, in which the Wyner-Ziv （WZ） frame is split into two parts based on checkerboard pattern, and the two parts are encoded independently but decoded sequentially. In the decoding process, the part 1 is first decoded with the initial SI and partially decoded part （PDP） 1 is used to improve the motion vectors （MVs） and SI of both parts. At the next stage, the part 2 is decoded with the improved SI and PDP 2 is used to further refine MVs of the part 2. Then, SI of both parts are further refined. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the peak signal to noise ratio （PSNR） by up to 1.43 dB when compared with traditional DVC codec.
文摘In past years,growing efforts have been made to the rapid interpretation of magnetic field data acquired by a sparse synthetic or real magnetic sensor array.An appealing requirement on such sparse array arranged within a specified survey region is that to make the number of sensor elements as small as possible,meanwhile without deteriorating imaging quality.For this end,we propose a novel methodology of arranging sensors in an optimal manner,exploring the concept of information capacity developed originally in the communication society.The proposed scheme reduces mathematically the design of a sparse sensor array into solving a combinatorial optimization problem,which can be resolved efficiently using widely adopted Simultaneous Perturbation and Statistical Algorithm(SPSA).Three sets of numerical examples of designing optimal sensor array are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed methodology.
文摘介绍了电厂信息PI(Plant Information)实时数据库系统的结构特点、功能模块、设计原理及数据流程。指出PI系统可以实现C／S和B／S的结构配置,所使用的智能结构可在多种系统配置下运行。PI系统在电厂监控信息系统SIS(Supervisory Information System)中起到了重要作用。介绍了PI系统在电厂SIS中的实际应用及产生的效果,为电厂管理人员及时掌握生产状况提供了第一手资料。
文摘对于变电站不同时期开发的分散控制系统,实现其数据共享和集成是全面建设整个变电站监控信息系统(supervisory information system,SIS)的关键。为此,提出了一种基于可扩展标记语言(extensible markuplanguage,XML)的异构数据集成技术,并构造了一个以XML为数据交换格式,使用XML schema建立公共模型、Mediator集成模式的异构数据源集成中间件HDSIM,实现了变电站数据采集、监视、分析和保护一体化。最后给出了系统应用实例,应用结果表明了这种数据集成技术的有效性。
文摘电厂监控信息系统(Supervisory Information System of Plant,SIS)能够有效地集成电力生产过程中的大量实时数据,建立起连接控制网络和管理网络的桥梁。从监控信息系统在电厂中的定位出发,综合相关文献,系统地论述了监控信息系统的体系结构及其功能组成,并结合电力生产的特点给出了发电企业在进行监控信息系统建设时需要遵循的几条基本准则。
