健美操运动与营养补充的协同效应研究

在全民健身的背景下,健美操运动因其独特的魅力和广泛的适应性,已成为人们追求健康生活方式的重要途径。健美操运动的效果不仅取决于运动本身,还与营养补充密切相关。本文阐述关键营养物质对健美操运动表现的影响,分析健美操运动与营养补充的协同效应,探讨健美操运动与营养补充的协同效应中存在的问题,并提出提升协同效应的策略,旨在为健美操爱好者提供科学的营养补充指导,促进其运动表现和健康水平的提升。

水肥调控对茶树土壤酶及土壤养分的影响

[目的]探究茶树土壤酶活性、土壤养分和茶树地上部分对水肥调控的响应,揭示水肥调控下土壤酶活性和土壤养分的变化规律,可为基肥施用和灌水互作下对土壤理化性质和幼龄茶树生长影响提供理论依据。[方法]采用盆栽实验方法,设置了施肥量和灌水量2个因素。基肥施肥量设C0(0 kg·盆^(-1))、C1(0.05 kg·盆^(-1))、C2(0.1 kg·盆^(-1))、C3(0.15 kg·盆^(-1))4个梯度。灌水量设W1(90 mL·盆^(-1))、W2(140 mL·盆^(-1))、W3(190 mL·盆^(-1))、W4(240 mL·盆^(-1))、W5(290 mL·盆^(-1))5个梯度。[结果](1)在C2W3处理下土壤蔗糖酶活性最高,在C3W4处理下的过氧化氢酶活性最高;冬季时C2W4处理下土壤养分含量最大;春季时速效钾和有效磷在C2基肥施肥下含量最高,C3基肥施肥下的碱解氮和有机质含量最大;(2)在C3处理下速效钾、碱解氮对冬春季蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性影响最大;其它养分在通过速效钾影响后,多个因素共同影响不同时期的蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性;(3)结合茶树地上生长指标可知,茶树在C2基肥下株高、地径增长量最大,在W4灌水时叶分枝数增长量最大。[结论]随着越冬期的结束,钾元素不需要追肥补充,而茶树因生长需要须进行氮、磷元素的追肥补充;在240 mL·株^(-1)的灌水处理下茶树地上生长指标达到最大。

‘凤丹’牡丹栽培及产业发展综述

该研究总结了影响‘凤丹’生长发育、产量的各项因素并结合阐述现阶段‘凤丹’综合开发利用的现状,揭示了‘凤丹’产业精细化发展所面临的主要挑战,以期对‘凤丹’以及整个牡丹产业的可持续发展提供参考依据。

不同补充营养和产卵底物对桑螟产卵的影响

为探明补充营养和产卵底物对桑螟(Glyphodes pyloalis)生殖的影响,同时也为桑螟的室内饲养条件及诱捕器的改进提供参考,比较桑螟取食不同补充营养的产卵量及其对不同颜色、粗糙程度底物的产卵选择。配制10%蔗糖、10%果糖、10%葡萄糖、5%蔗糖+5%果糖、5%蔗糖+5%葡萄糖、5%果糖+5%葡萄糖、3.33%蔗糖+3.33%果糖+3.33%葡萄糖和水8种补充营养,选取红、黄、绿、蓝、紫、白6种颜色塑料包扎绳作为产卵底物,调查不同补充营养对桑螟产卵量的影响,并明确桑螟成虫对不同颜色产卵底物的选择偏好;另以新鲜桑叶以及杯壁光滑和带有横纹的2种粗糙程度不同的塑料杯作为产卵底物,研究桑螟对不同粗糙程度底物的产卵偏好。结果表明,以10%蔗糖为桑螟成虫补充营养时产卵期(5.3 d)最长、单雌产卵量(233.3粒)最大,且更偏好在粗糙程度高的黄色底物上产卵。在桑螟室内饲养中,选用10%蔗糖作为成虫补充营养,产卵底物则考虑黄色且粗糙程度高的更有利于桑螟室内种群的繁殖,还可为桑螟诱捕器外观改造提供思路。

Microbiome as an endocrine organ and its relationship with eye diseases:Effective factors and new targeted approaches

Microbiome is an endocrine organ that refers to both the complicated biological system of microbial species that colonize our bodies and their genomes and surroundings.Recent studies confirm the connection between the microbiome and eye diseases,which are involved in the pathogenesis of eye diseases,including age-related macular disorders,diabetic retinopathy,glaucoma,retinitis pigmentosa,dry eye,and uveitis.The aim of this review is to investigate the microbiome in relation to eye health.First,a brief introduction of the characteristics of the gut microorganisms terms of composition and work,the role of dysbiosis,the gut microbiome and the eye microbiome in the progression of eye illnesses are highlighted,then the relationship among the microbiome and the function of the immune system and eye diseases,the role of inflammation and aging and the immune system,It has been reviewed and finally,the control and treatment goals of microbiome and eye diseases,the role of food factors and supplements,biotherapy and antibiotics in relation to microbiome and eye health have been reviewed.

Preparation and Characterization of Vitamin-D Incorporated Marshmallow

This project looks at a novel way to enhance the sensory experience of vitamin D ingestion by incorporating it into marshmallows. This investigation used a human panel taste test with twelve individuals, an index of swelling, and a stability evaluation. Samples of vitamin D infused marshmallows were prepared and given to participants in the human panel taste test, which evaluated mouthfeel and flavor. By analyzing dissolving behavior, the swelling index test revealed unexpected erosion. In addition, a temperature threshold for storage conditions was found through a temperature sensitivity test. All of these techniques assessed the feasibility and palatability of vitamin D supplementation with marshmallow flavor, offering insights into both the possible advantages and difficulties. The marshmallow infusion technique effectively covered up the disagreeable taste of vitamin D pills, leading to reviews that were overwhelmingly favorable (“Moderate Sweet”) and that indicated a pleasant mouthfeel. During the swelling index test, it showed erosion behavior, suggesting a certain kind of dissolution that is advantageous for nutritional absorption. Furthermore, the study discovered a temperature sensitivity threshold, highlighting how crucial proper storage conditions are.

长拳类武术套路运动员运动后膳食营养补充

武术套路是一项强度较高的运动,在日常训练或比赛中武术套路运动员会消耗大量的能量。因此,运动后及时进行营养物质补充十分重要。本文基于长拳类武术套路运动员的身体结构特征和营养补充的重要性,分析了运动后进行营养补充的原则,提出了武术套路运动后的饮食选取,以期促进运动员体能以及竞技能力的恢复。

Integrated management of crop residue and nutrient enhances new carbon formation by regulating microbial taxa and enzymes

Although returning crop residue to fields is a recommended measure for improving soil carbon(C)stocks in agroecosystems,the response of newly formed soil C(NFC)to the integrated supply of residue and nutrients and the microbial mechanisms involved in NFC are not fully understood.Therefore,an 84-day incubation experiment was conducted to ascertain the microbial mechanisms that underpin the NFC response to inputs of residue and nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and sulfur(S)in two black(Phaeozem)soils from experimental plots at Gongzhuling,Jilin Province and Hailun,Heilongjiang Province,China.The results showed that adding residue alone accelerated microbial nutrient mining,which was supported by decreases of 8^(-1)6%in the ratios of C:N and C:P enzyme activities,relative to soils with nutrient inputs.The NFC amounts increased from 1156 to 1722 mg kg^(−1) in Gongzhuling soil and from 725 to 1067 mg kg^(−1) in Hailun soil as the levels of nutrient supplementation increased.Boosted regression tree analysis suggested thatβ-glucosidase(BG),acid phosphatase(AP),microbial biomass C(MBC),and Acidobacteria accounted for 27.8,18.5,14.7,and 8.1%,respectively,of the NFC in Gongzhuling soil and for 25.9,29.5,10.1,and 13.9%,respectively,of the NFC in Hailun soil.Path analysis determined that Acidobacteria positively influenced NFC both directly and indirectly by regulating BG,AP,and MBC,in which MBC acquisition was regulated more by AP.The amount of NFC was lower in Hailun soil than in Gongzhuling soil and was directly affected by AP,indicating the importance of soil properties such as SOC and pH in determining NFC.Overall,our results reveal the response of NFC to supplementation by N,P,and S,which depends on Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria,and their investment in BG and AP in residue-amended soil.

Nutraceutical Supplementation Based on Colostrum as Osteoporosis Treatment: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Naturally based treatments for osteoporosis are currently limited. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain whether bovine colostrum supplementation can improve bone health in humans. Methods: In total 63 individuals volunteered in a 4-month supplementation project. They were stratified into three groups: 1) healthy post-menopausal women (n = 24); 2) individuals with osteopenia (n = 25); 3) people with osteoporosis (n = 14). Participants of each group were randomly assigned into two experimental sub-groups: a) the bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation (200 mL/day;5 days/week); b) the placebo sub-group. Before and after the 4-month supplementation, blood samples were obtained and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on three different anatomical sites: lumbar spine (LS), left femur neck (FN), and left forearm (Arm). Bone health markers (bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide (CTX-I), deoxypyridinoline (DPD)) as well as immunological markers (interleukin 6 (IL6) and immunoglobulin E (IgE)), were assessed in blood serum with enzyme immunoassays, at baseline and 4-months after BC supplementation. Results: No significant changes were found in bone densitometry factors (p > 0.05), for all studied blood parameters and their calculated effect sizes. Conclusions: It is concluded that, as studied herein, BC does not seem to affect human bone health. This pilot study though warrant the need for further research into the efficacy of BC in patients with osteoporosis.

UVA补光时间对凡纳滨对虾肌肉主要营养成分影响研究

紫外光A波段(Ultraviolet A,UVA)是自然光的重要组成部分,具有一定的生态功能。本研究选取450尾体重为(9.56±0.10)g的凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)以光周期为12L︰12D的全光谱LED灯[光强(1.00±0.02)W/m^(2)]作为背景光源,在不同UVA[光强(1.00±0.02)W/m2]补光时间(0 h,T_(0 h);2 h,T_(2 h);4 h,T_(4 h);8 h,T_(8 h);12 h,T_(12 h))下进行为期28 d的养殖实验。结果显示,在不同UVA补光时长下,对虾肌肉中水分和粗灰分含量无显著差异,T2 h和T4 h组的粗脂肪含量显著增加,T2 h组的粗蛋白显著高于T4 h组外的其他组(P<0.05),T8 h和T12 h组的粗脂肪显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),但两组间差异不显著;T2 h和T4 h组氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量和赖氨酸含量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05);凡纳滨对虾饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量为27.85%~40.70%,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量为10.63%~16.31%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为38.81%~49.61%,其在T2 h和T4 h组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),且在两组间无显著差异。综上所述,2~4 h的UVA补光时间能够改善凡纳滨对虾肌肉的营养成分。

弱光区提高番茄产量和品质的栽培措施

为探讨弱光区提高番茄产量和品质的栽培措施,以番茄品种心里红为试验材料,在椰糠栽培条件下设置6种不同处理,分别为对照(CK)、不同施肥水平(T1、T2和T3)、顶补光(T4)和单杆整枝(T5),研究水肥管理、补光措施、整枝方式对番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明,番茄的单穗果质量在不同施肥处理(T1、T2和T3)下没有显著差异,说明氮肥和钾肥的施用量在常规施用范围内变化不影响番茄产量,但适宜的低施氮量时果实的糖酸比更大,口感更佳;T4、T5处理与CK处理相比番茄品质无显著差异,但T4处理的单位面积产量(7.39 kg·m^(-2))显著高于CK处理(6.93 kg·m^(-2)),说明补光能有效地提高番茄产量。综上所述,补光是弱光区栽培提高番茄产量的有效措施。

基于营卫稽留论治溃疡性结肠炎

溃疡性结肠炎与营卫稽留密切相关。机体失调,营卫处于“失荣”或“失衡”的病理状态,二气交会调达失司,日久营卫稽留。失荣者,气血化生不足,影响肺、胃、大肠、肾等脏,化生痰湿诸邪,停滞日久,化热破血伤络、腐肉为脓,变为本病;临床用药重在扶助脾肺肾脏以培补营卫,兼顾疏导气机以宣发营卫。失衡者,则因“卫亢营弱”之变,气血波动,瘀滞内生,侵及血络脂膜,并迫于肠外,引起他处病变,日久发为本病;治疗上多以辛散酸收结合、以纠气机之偏,兼顾理气活血、佐以化湿,畅达一身营卫。

谷氨酸铁的制备及表征

将谷氨酸(Glu)与三价铁离子(Fe^(3+))螯合,制备谷氨酸铁螯合物Glu-Fe(Ⅲ),并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)和热重(TGA)分析法对其结构进行表征,证实Glu与Fe^(3+)成功发生螯合反应.采用间接碘量法测定Glu-Fe(Ⅲ)中的Fe^(3+)质量分数,并以其为评价指标,通过单因素实验和Box-Benhnken设计(BBD),考察Glu和Fe^(3+)的物质的量比及反应pH、时间、温度4个因素对制备Glu-Fe(Ⅲ)螯合物中Fe^(3+)质量分数的影响.最终在Glu与Fe^(3+)物质的量比为3∶5,反应pH为4.8、温度为50℃和反应时间为3 h的条件下,获得Fe^(3+)质量分数为19.91%的Glu-Fe(Ⅲ)螯合物.制备出的Glu-Fe(Ⅲ)可作为同时补充谷氨酸和铁的营养强化剂.

高效液相色谱法测定复合营养素补充剂中叶酸含量

目的:通过建立一种提取效率高、耐复杂基质干扰能力强的样品前处理方式结合高效液相色谱紫外(High performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet,HPLC-UV)检测方法,解决复合营养素补充剂中叶酸的准确定量检测难题。方法:以多种维生素矿物质片为特征样品,首次采用弱碱性饱和乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)溶液为样品提取液并结合操作简便的超声提取前处理方法,高效提取供试品中的叶酸成分并有效屏蔽基质因素干扰,最终使用HPLC分离高灵敏检测。结果:叶酸在浓度范围0.9912~49.5615μg/mL内保持良好现行关系(r2=0.9999);加标回收率达99.08%;平行试验结果RSD=1.01%(n=6);方法定量限LOQ=0.15μg/mL。改进后的分析方法通过系统的方法学验证后发现能够针对多种维生素矿物质片中的叶酸进行准确定量,并成功应用于市面上多种剂型叶酸类保健食品的实际检测中,结果均与产品标示量保持一致。结论:本方法简便易操作、提取效率高、抗基质干扰能力强、应用范围广,适用于多种维生素矿物质片中的叶酸含量测定,并为复合营养素补充剂类保健食品中叶酸测检测提供了一条新的途径。

母乳低聚糖对人体保护作用的研究进展

母乳低聚糖(Human Milk Oligosaccharides,HMOs)是母乳中特有的物质,含量丰富,种类在200种以上。HMOs具有预防肠道疾病、抗病毒、抑菌以及调节免疫等功能,对婴幼儿生长发育具有重要影响。目前美国、欧盟、澳大利亚等国家已经允许将HMOs作为营养强化剂添加到婴幼儿食品中,我国对HMOs已进行多次受理评审。本文综述了HMOs对人体的保护作用以及合成与应用现状,旨在为开发HMOs配方产品提供一定的参考。

蛋白复合营养素固体饮料及其质量指标、保质期研究

针对缺乏蛋白质等营养素的营养不良人群,将多种人体所需基础营养素和特异性营养补充剂进行复配,以满足人体的部分营养和能量需要。通过对复合营养素固体饮料进行质量指标测定、感官评定,以及37℃、75%RH加速实验条件下储存3个月的稳定性研究,综合分析复合营养素固体饮料的品质,感官评价、水分含量、微生物等指标结果均合格,为保质期设定提供了参考依据。该固体饮料食品添加动植物双优质蛋白、DHA等复合营养素,可以为人体补充多种优质营养。

星天牛蛹的发育及成虫补充营养特性的研究

星天牛是沿海防护林木麻黄的主要害虫。该虫以老熟幼虫在木麻黄主干木质部内越冬 ,化蛹集中于 4月中、下旬 ,蛹期 2 1～ 2 6d。日平均温度 1 9 5℃时蛹期 2 5d,2 1 5℃时蛹期 2 1d,蛹的发育起始温度为( 1 3 91± 0 69)℃ ,有效积温为 ( 1 44 0 4± 1 5 96)日度。羽化盛期为 5月中、下旬。根据蛹的形态和颜色的变化 ,整个蛹期可分为 4个时期 ,每一时期都具备各阶段蛹的形态特征。野外调查和室内外人工饲养表明成虫期补充营养最喜欢取食苦楝树。取食苦楝树的雌虫每头产卵在 1 5 6～ 1 98粒 ,平均 1 76 4粒 ,是取食木麻黄的 3 1 4倍 ,日平均产卵量是取食木麻黄的 1 5 7倍 ;取食苦楝树的雌虫寿命 72～ 1 1 0d,平均 91 8d ;雄虫寿命 88～ 1 2 5d,平均 1 0 3d ,雌、雄成虫分别比取食木麻黄的多存活 3 0 2、40d。

不同树种松墨天牛取食面积差异的研究

松墨天牛是松材线虫的主要传播媒介,为了揭示松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus Hope)对不同松枝的取食喜好程度,从而更好地防治由松墨天牛作为载体所引发的松材线虫病,本研究分别取黑松(Pinus thunbergii Parl.)、马尾松(P.massoniana Lamb.)、火炬松(P.teada L.)的一年生和二年生枝条作为供试(松墨天牛取食)对象进行研究。结果表明:(1)按松墨天牛对供试树种的选择顺序是:在一年生枝中,黑松>马尾松>火炬松,但差异不显著(F=1.11,P=0.343 9);在二年生枝中,黑松>火炬松>马尾松,在5%的水平上有显著性差异(F=3.86,P=0.034 1);(2)黑松、马尾松、火炬松取食面积一年生枝均大于两年生枝,其中黑松(F=0.04,P=0.846 7)、火炬松(F=4.02,P=0.060 1)差异不显著,马尾松差异达到显著水平(F=6.21,P=0.021 6)。结合本试验及前人研究结果,笔者认为导致不同树种不同枝龄松墨天牛取食面积的不同可能与各树种所含化学成分不同有关。

补充微量营养素对儿童健康状况影响的研究

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