Analysis of Water Resources Supply and Demand and Security of Water Resources Development in Irrigation Regions of the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

Based on the data for meteorology, hydrology, soil, planting, vegetation, and socio-economic development of the irrigation region in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, Northwest China, the model of balance of water supply and demand in the region was established, and the security of water resource was assessed, from which the results that the effects of unified management of water resources in the Heihe River basin between Gansu Province and Inner Mongolia on regional hydrology are significant with a decrease in water supply diverted from Heihe River and an increase in groundwater extracted. In addition, it was found that the groundwater level has been steadily decreasing due to over pumping and decrease in recharges. In present year （2003）, the volume of potential groundwater in the irrigation districts is far small because of the groundwater overdraft; even in the particular regions, there is no availability of groundwater resources for use. By 2003, water supply is not sufficient to meet the water demand in the different irrigation districts, the sustainable development and utilization of water resources are not secured, and the water supply crisis occurs in Pingchuan irrigation district. Achieving water security for the sustainable development of society, agriculture, economy, industry, and livelihoods while maintaining or improving the abilities of the management and planning of water resources, determining of the reasonable percentage between water supply and groundwater utilization and water saving in agricultural irrigation are taken into account. If this does not occur, it is feared that the present performance of water development and planning may further aggravate the problem of scarcities of water resources and further damage the fragile ecological system.

Technical System Construction in the Market Trading System for Demand Response Based on the Energy Internet

With the explosive growth of variable renewable energy,the balance between the supply and demand of the power grid is faced with new challenges.Based on the development experience from typical countries and the state quo in China,this paper further analyzes the system architecture and development trend of demand response under the background of Energy Internet.Five dimensions are considered:Energy Internet platform,demand response application scenarios,system architecture,information technology system construction,and demand response development trend.The results show that the application of the Energy Internet platform can effectively solve the problems of data acquisition and processing,“terminal-edge-network-cloud”cooperation of demand response,etc.The system architecture of the demand response platform that supports user resource management,user information access,control instruction receiving,control strategy issuing,and response process monitoring is proposed in this paper.It is also helpful to provide a feasible technical choice for expanding the application services of Energy Internet towards government and society.

Ecosystem service of green infrastructure for adaptation to urban growth:function and configuration

Objectives:(1)to explore what kind of green infrastructure(GI)meets the demand for urban ecological security of rapid urbanization areas;(2)to figure out how to determine the specific function and configuration of GI from ecosystem service requirements of urban ecological security.Methods:(1)Through the literature review,this article summarizes the function and structure evolution of GI in order to adapt to urban growth.(2)Standing on the imperfect ecological functions and unreasonable spatial configurations,this article builds up a conceptual model for the optimization of green infrastructure ecosystem services to meet the demand for the green infrastructure pattern needed by urban growth.Results:The optimization framework consists of four central function modules and its regulating and controlling mechanisms,incuding:(1)Balancing supply and demand of GI's ecosystem service;(2)Measuring and evaluating GI's ecosystem services;(3)Elevating and optimizing GI's ecosystem service;(4)Building urban ecological security patterm with high efficiency of GI's ecosystem services.Moreover,this framework provides guidance for the planning and design of GI and the urban ecological security pattern building in rapid urbanization areas based on ba lancing supply and demand of GI's ecosystem services.Conclusion:The conceptual model of Gl's ecosystem service optimization based on balan-cing supply and demand shows a new path to meet the needs of urban growth and build a city's ecological security pattern through upgrading and optimizing GI.