Elastic Modulus Limit of Support Layer in Twin-Block Ballastless Track Based on Train Load Effect

The support layer is an important component of twin-block ballastless track. The modulus of the support layer is an important design parameter and must be carefully solved. We studied the bending stress and deformation of track slab and support layer due to train load using the beam-plate finite element model on elastic foundation. The results show that support layer type has great impact on both support layer deformation and the stress on subgrade, but has little impact on the bending stress of either track slab or support layer. The continuous support layer type, and articulated support layer type with shear transfer device at their ends, are recommended. In order to keep the stress in the support layer less than that in track slab, the modulus of the continuous, unit, and articulated types of support layer （ in unit twin-block ballastless track）, and the support layer in continuous twin-block ballastless track, should not be larger than 15, 22, 20.5 and 5 GPa, respectively. In addition, the modulus of the unit-type support layer should not be more than 20 GPa, to ensure the step in support layer remains less than 1 mm.

The influence of manufacturing parameters and adding support layer on the properties of Zirfon separators

The composite separator comprising of polysulfone and zirconia was prepared by phase inversion precipitation technique. The influence of manufacturing parameters on its properties was investigated, and the results show that the manufacturing parameters affect the ionic resistance and maximum pore size significantly. A modified composite separator with a support layer was prepared to enhance the tensile strength of separator. By adding support layer, the tensile strength of the separator increases from 1.85MPa to 13.66MPa. In order to evaluate the practical applicability of the composite separator, a small-scale industrial electrolytic experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of cell voltage, gas purity and separator stability. The results show that the modified composite separator has a smaller cell voltage and a higher H2 purity than the asbestos separator, and are promising material for industrial hydrogen production.

Improved hydrogen separation performance of asymmetric oxygen transport membranes by grooving in the porous support layer

Hydrogen separation through oxygen transport membranes(OTMs)has attracted much attention.Asymmetric membranes with thin dense layers provide low bulk diffusion resistances and high overall hydrogen separation performances.However,the resistance in the porous support layer(PSL)limits the overall separation performance significantly.Engineering the structure of the PSL is an appropriate way to enable fast gas transport and increase the separation performance.There is no relevant research on studying the influence of the PSL on hydrogen separation performance so far.Herein,we prepared Ce0.85Sm0.15O1.925–Sm0.6Sr0.4Cr0.3Fe0.7O3-δ(SDC-SSCF)asymmetric membranes with straight grooves in PSL by tape-casting and laser grooving.A~30%improvement in the hydrogen separation rate was achieved by grooving in the PSLs.It indicates that the grooves may reduce the concentration polarization resistance in PSL for the hydrogen separation process.This work provides a straight evidence on optimizing the structures of PSL for improving the hydrogen separation performance of the membrane reactors.

Layered zirconium phosphate-supported metalloporphyrin:Synthesis and catalytic application

This paper reports a new route for the preparation of layered alpha-zirconium phosphate （α-ZrP）-supported metalloporphyrin MnTMPyP. MnTMPyP was intercalated into α-ZrP using α-ZrP.BA （i.e. pre-intercalated bultylamine was arranged by a monolayer mode in α-ZrP） as a starting material. The catalytic activity of the supported material for homovanillic acid （HVA） oxidation was investigated. The results showed a promising layered material-supported catalyst in catalytic system.

Metal–organic-framework derived supporting layers for highly efficient CdSe QDSSCs

Metal–organic-framework(MOF)has been an increasingly hot organic-inorganic hybrid compounds. Here we develop an innovative concept by engineering a supporting layer made of MOF derived carbon materials. The supporting thin layer is prepared by carbonizing zeolitic-imidazole framework(ZIF-67). CdSe quantum dot sensitized TiO_2 nanocrystalline thin film deposited by the method of chemical bath deposition(CBD). The MOF unique microstructure in the support layer builds the electronic highway, which greatly improves the efficiency of the CdSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs), and the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the device was significantly improved from 2.98% to 5.79% via ZIF-67 derived carbon supporting thin layer.

Building up Multi－Layered Perceptrons as Classifier System for Decision Support

This paper focuses on some application issues in m.multi-layered perceptrons researches. The following problem areas are discussed: (1) the classification capability of multi-layered perceptrons; (2) theself-configuration algorithm for facilitating the design of the neural nets' structure;and,finally (3) the application of the fast BP algorithm to speed up the learning procedure. Some experimental results with respect to the application of multi-layered perceptrons as classifier systems in the comprehensive evaluation of Chinese large cities are presented.

A problem solving framework for group decision support system

A new problem solving framework for group decision support system using layer model approach is proposed. This kind of framework includes four basic layers, namely, application layer, task layer, logical layer and physical layer. Based on indicating the respective meanings of those layers a task skeleton of group decision support system and a logical structure of group decision support system generator are put forward and discussed in detail. The framework provides theoretical guidance for developing group decision support system to lower systematic development complexity and support reuse of software.

Modification of rock mass rating system:Interbedding of strong and weak rock layers

Rock mass classification systems are the very important part for underground projects and rock mass rating(RMR) is one of the most commonly applied classification systems in numerous civil and mining projects. The type of rock mass consisting of an interbedding of strong and weak layers poses difficulties and uncertainties for determining the RMR. For this, the present paper uses the concept of rock bolt supporting factor(RSF) for modification of RMR system to be used in such rock mass types. The proposed method also demonstrates the importance of rock bolting practice in such rock masses. The geological parameters of the Shemshak Formation of the Alborz Tunnel in Iran are used as case examples for development of the theoretical approach.

Double-layer Bayesian Classifier Ensembles Based on Frequent Itemsets

Numerous models have been proposed to reduce the classification error of Naive Bayes by weakening its attribute independence assumption and some have demonstrated remarkable error performance. Considering that ensemble learning is an effective method of reducing the classifmation error of the classifier, this paper proposes a double-layer Bayesian classifier ensembles （DLBCE） algorithm based on frequent itemsets. DLBCE constructs a double-layer Bayesian classifier （DLBC） for each frequent itemset the new instance contained and finally ensembles all the classifiers by assigning different weight to different classifier according to the conditional mutual information. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other outstanding algorithms.

双层索系柔性光伏支架结构受力性能研究

目的研究双层索系柔性光伏支架结构在风荷载作用下的静力性能与动力响应。方法采用ABAQUS有限元软件开展双层索系柔性光伏支架结构的静力性能、动力特性、动力响应和风振系数分析,探究了跨度、横向连接系间距以及挠度限值等影响因素对支架结构受力性能的影响。结果结构的风振响应随着跨度的增加而增大;结构跨中挠度及上层索索力随横向连接系间距的增大而增大;增大上层索预应力可以减小结构的动力响应,而下层索预应力过大会导致结构的风振响应增大。结论通过研究给出了双层索系柔性光伏支架结构的风振系数取值范围以及上、下层索的初始预拉力设置建议,可以为其结构抗风设计提供参考。

基于总安全系数法的喷射混凝土支护承载能力的试验研究

为验证总安全系数法中喷层的荷载结构模型及其安全系数计算方法,研制大型隧道结构模型试验系统,采取结构试验的方法,开展毛洞、不同厚度喷层以及二次衬砌的加载破坏试验。通过围岩和细砂材料的三轴试验明确模型试验中各材料的物理与力学参数,模拟毛洞、不同厚度喷层以及二次衬砌的加载破坏全过程,依据破坏状态明确喷层与二次衬砌的设计承载能力,试验中监测围岩应力应变、喷层内外侧应变和喷层位移,结合监测结果分析喷层与二次衬砌在承载过程中的变形特征与受力特征,明晰喷层与二次衬砌的承载机制,并与总安全系数法理论计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明:1)在试验断面条件下喷层受力状态为小偏心受压,喷层与围岩之间的粘结能有效传递剪力,从而减少了喷层的弯矩,有利于充分发挥喷层的抗压强度,同厚度情况下喷层的设计承载力要高于二次衬砌;2)试验得到的厚度为2 cm和4 cm喷层的设计承载力比总安全系数法理论计算结果分别大27.0%和22.9%,表明总安全系数法的喷层承载力计算模型是合理的,并具有合适的安全性。

Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an isolated cylindrical latticed shell under multiple-support excitations

In order to study the infl uence of the ground motion spatial eff ect on the seismic response of large span spatial structures with isolation bearings, a single-layer cylindrical latticed shell scale model with a similarity ratio of 1/10 was constructed. An earthquake simulation shaking table test on the response under multiple-support excitations was performed with the high-position seismic isolation method using high damping rubber (HDR) bearings. Small-amplitude sinusoidal waves and seismic wave records with various spectral characteristics were applied to the model. The dynamic characteristics of the model and the seismic isolation eff ect on it were analyzed at varying apparent wave velocities, namely infi nitely great, 1000 m/s, 500 m/s and 250 m/s. Besides, numerical simulations were carried out by Matlab software. According to the comparison results, the numerical results agreed well with the experimental data. Moreover, the results showed that the latticed shell roof exhibited a translational motion as a rigid body after the installation of the HDR bearings with a much lower natural frequency, higher damping ratio and only 1/2~1/8 of the acceleration response peak values. Meanwhile, the structural responses and the bearing deformations at the output end of the seismic waves were greatly increased under multiple-support excitations.

三层正放四角锥预应力网架稳定性分析

网架以其优良的工程性能成为大跨度结构的首选结构类型之一。为改善传统网架结构在大跨度条件下变形大、用钢量大的缺陷,文中通过对网架施加预应力的方式,达到增强结构整体刚度和承载能力的目的。预应力的施加必然会对网架的稳定性能造成影响,其中支承形式对网架结构的稳定性影响较大。并通过对网架施加不同预应力后进行稳定性分析,得到不同预应力布索方式对网架稳定性影响,为网架的实际工程建设提供参考。

基于CNN-SVM模型的鸡蛋外观品质检测

[目的]提高鸡蛋外观品质检测的精度,建立CNN-SVM模型的鸡蛋外观品质检测模型。[方法]结合CNN的自适应特征提取功能和SVM的超强泛化分类性能,通过6层卷积神经网络结构处理提取全连接层的特征,采用CNN-SVM混合模型替代传统CNN+softmax,构建一个基于CNN-SVM模型的鸡蛋外观品质检测方法。[结果]与SVM模型、CNN模型和KNN模型相比,CNN-SVM模型在准确率、精确率、召回率和F1分数方面表现优异,分别为97.97%,98.10%,98.10%,98.00%。KNN模型在鸡蛋外观品质检测上的精度最低,其准确率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为77.46%,79.44%,76.75%,76.90%。[结论]CNN-SVM模型具有很强的鲁棒性和抗噪声能力,可以有效提高鸡蛋外观品质检测的准确性和适用性。

基于多层耦合网络的装备保障体系级联失效及抗毁性分析

为准确描述装备保障体系结构特征与毁伤失效流程,进而提升装备保障体系功能与抗毁能力,基于杀伤层、保障层和储供层构建装备保障体系的多层耦合网络模型。基于杀伤链给出装备维修保障链与储供保障链的特征和典型样式,在此基础上,提出考虑装备保障体系多层耦合网络特性的级联失效模型与节点重要度评估方法。给出对应的网络抗毁性评估指标。仿真结果表明,考虑级联失效的多层耦合网络模型能较好地反映遭受攻击时整个装备保障体系的性能变化情况,所提出的使命任务节点重要度能准确识别关键节点。与传统网络抗毁性指标相比,杀伤链数量对节点失效产生的装备保障体系抗毁性变化更加敏感。

基于多层全连接神经网络的6C地震波极化向量识别研究

利用机器学习原理,提出一种基于多层全连接(multi-layer fully connected, MFC)神经网络的六分量(six-component, 6C)地震波极化向量识别方法。首先利用6C地震波各波型极化向量数学模型和一系列仿真参数得到5种波型和噪声波型各5 000个极化向量数据集,然后随机选取其中5 000个作为测试集,其余划分为训练集,进行MFC神经网络与支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)的综合辨识性能对比实验。结果表明,MFC神经网络模型识别5种极化向量类型(SH波和Love波视为一类)和6种极化向量类型的效果均显著优于SVM模型,平均识别率分别达到99.786%和87.940%。

分叉柱支承式单层曲面钢网壳施工过程监测研究

以云南红河综合交通枢纽单层曲面网壳为工程背景,对网壳结构、提升塔架的关键杆件布置测点进行施工过程监测研究,分析了结构在地面拼装及整体提升过程中内力的变化情况。通过对施工过程中网壳结构的温度效应进行研究,探讨了边界约束作用强弱对结构内力变化的影响程度,温度每变化1℃引起的网壳合拢后应力变化是合拢前应力变化的3倍;合拢后,温度每变化1℃引起网壳远离支座杆件的应力变化是靠近支座应力变化的2倍;对提升阶段监测数据进行分析,提升过程中实测应力波动范围在10 MPa以内,吊点提升同步性较好;此外,网壳结构卸载阶段监测数据表明,由于网壳提升状态与使用状态受力基本一致,网壳卸载前后应力变化较小,且卸载后支撑结构对温度敏感性较高。

某引水隧洞大变形缓冲层支护方案设计参数优化研究

高地应力软岩隧道围岩变形具有显著的时效特性,容易引起运营期隧道衬砌结构开裂和破坏。以新疆某引水隧洞泥岩大变形段为背景,提出在初期支护与二次衬砌之间设置高压缩缓冲层的支护方案,以保证隧洞在运营期安全。首先针对现有缓冲层支护方案,开展了支护结构受力的现场监测与分析,然后采用数值仿真方法对缓冲层支护方案进行了参数优化,最后将优化后方案与原方案的支护效果进行了对比分析。(1)现有支护方案的监测结果表明:当现场安装密度为90~100 kg/m~3的5 cm聚乙烯缓冲层后,缓冲层易进入压密阶段,围岩形变压力达到0.36 MPa,衬砌受力仍具有非均匀性,缓冲层材料和厚度还有可优化的空间。(2)缓冲层支护参数优化表明:缓冲层平台应力偏大会导致其难以被压缩而降低吸能效果,偏小将难以有效限制围岩变形,两者都会造成缓冲层对围岩形变能的吸收不足,衬砌的安全性较低。随着缓冲层厚度的增加,衬砌破坏程度逐渐减小,但减小幅度逐渐减弱。对于本工程而言,当平台应力为0.5 MPa,压缩率≥0.6,厚度为10 cm时,缓冲层支护效果最佳。(3)对比分析表明:相比于原缓冲层支护方案,优化后的缓冲层支护将使得衬砌最大主应力减小了20%~30%,缓解衬砌的应力集中程度,可保障隧道支护结构的长期稳定。

苯和环己烯分步制联环己烷过程催化剂设计及性能提升研究

联环己烷是一种高储氢密度、低沸点储氢试剂。与联苯加氢相比,苯和环己烯烷基化制环己基苯再加氢是一种有望实现大规模制备联环己烷的途径。在成熟的烷基化技术基础上,需进一步开展高效环己基苯加氢催化剂的研发。本研究首先使用酸化的USY分子筛催化苯和环己烯烷基化至环己基苯,获得100%转化率和产物选择性。进一步通过原子层沉积(ALD)在γ-Al_(2)O_(3)表面预先沉积不同厚度的TiO_(2)膜后再负载铂颗粒制得Pt/TiO_(2)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂,研究TiO_(2)膜提升催化剂环己基苯加氢性能机制。TEM、CO脉冲吸附、CO-DRIFTs、准原位XPS、H-D交换和H2-TPR表征显示,与Pt/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)相比,Pt/TiO_(2)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂不改变Pt颗粒的分散度,但能够形成新的Pt-TiO_(2)相互作用,提高铂表面电子密度、平面活性位点比例和降低氢溢流能垒,提升环己烷基苯加氢性能。研究为进一步发展联环己烷有机液态储氢试剂提供理论支持。相关金属-载体相互作用调控策略可应用于其他芳香性分子高效加氢催化剂的研制。

单层悬索柔性光伏支架风振系数研究

单层悬索光伏支架为风敏感结构,然而目前中国规范并无对于其风振系数的规定,故对其风振系数的取值进行研究。应用AR法模拟风荷载并进行动力时程分析,针对结构非线性的特点提出了风振系数的计算方法并编制了计算程序,分析了不同节点处风振系数的基本分布规律,探讨了风振系数随结构参数的变化规律,对比了不同控制点处风振系数的静力等效结果,给出了内力风振系数与竖向位移风振系数的建议取值范围。结果表明:拉索不同节点的内力风振系数较位移风振系数更为集中,各节点的竖向位移风振系数均大于水平位移风振系数;风振系数受光伏板角度的影响较小,在0°~15°内风振系数几乎不改变;竖向位移风振系数受钢架间距影响较大,其整体趋势随着钢架间距的增大而增大,但其值有一定的波动;拉索初始预张力增加会使得竖向位移风振系数大幅减小;以风振响应最大值点为控制点能保证结构安全且可对结构风振响应进行较好的静力等效;内力风振系数与竖向位移风振系数的合理取值范围分别为2.0~2.3与3.2~5.5。