The Bayesian approach is considered as the most general formulation of the state estimation for dynamic systems. However, most of the existing Bayesian estimators of stochastic hybrid systems only focus on the Markov ...The Bayesian approach is considered as the most general formulation of the state estimation for dynamic systems. However, most of the existing Bayesian estimators of stochastic hybrid systems only focus on the Markov jump system, few liter- ature is related to the estimation problem of nonlinear stochastic hybrid systems with state dependent transitions. According to this problem, a new methodology which relaxes quite a restrictive as- sumption that the mode transition process must satisfy Markov properties is proposed. In this method, a general approach is presented to model the state dependent transitions, the state and output spaces are discreted into cell space which handles the nonlinearities and computationally intensive problem offline. Then maximum a posterior estimation is obtained by using the Bayesian theory. The efficacy of the estimator is illustrated by a simulated example .展开更多
Interactions between metals and supports are of fundamental interest in heterogeneous catalysis, Noble metal particles supported on transition metal oxides (TMO) may undergo a so-called strong metal-support interactio...Interactions between metals and supports are of fundamental interest in heterogeneous catalysis, Noble metal particles supported on transition metal oxides (TMO) may undergo a so-called strong metal-support interaction via encapsulation. This perspective addresses catalytic properties of the metal catalysts in the SMSI state which can be explained on the basis of complementary studies. The electronic geometric and bifunctional effects originating from strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) that are responsible for the catalyst’s activity, selectivity, and stability are key factors that determine performance. A series of Pd-Sb supported on different metal oxide (<em>i.e.</em> SiO<sub>2</sub>, <em>γ</em>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>) were prepared by the impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by N<sub>2</sub> adsorption (BET-SA and pore size distribution), TEM (transmission electron microscope), TPR (temperature-programmed reduction), CO-chemisorption, the structural characterization of Pd (dispersity, surface area), interaction between Pd and Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and also the influence of the nature of the support were investigated. SiO<sub>2</sub> supported Pd catalyst exhibited the highest surface area (192.6 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and pore volume (0.542 cm<sup>3</sup>/g) compared to the other supported oxides catalysts. The electron micrographs of these catalysts showed a narrow size particle distribution of Pd, but with varying sizes which in the range from 1 to 10 nm, depending on the type of support used. The results show almost completely suppressed of CO chemisorption when the catalysts were subjected to high temperature reduction (HTR), this suppression was overcome by oxidation of a reduced Pd/MeOx catalysts followed by re-reduction in hydrogen at 453 K low temperature reduction (LTR), almost completely restored the normal chemisorptive properties of the catalysts, this suppression was attributed by SbOx species by a typical SMSI effect as known for other reducible supports such as TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>, and Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the origination of the DW ideology and its architecture & principles,as well as relative techniques. With the example that the MIS of ENWEI company, we discuss how to apply the base the...In this paper, we introduce the origination of the DW ideology and its architecture & principles,as well as relative techniques. With the example that the MIS of ENWEI company, we discuss how to apply the base theories of DW and implement its main techniques in modern companies. At the end of this paper ,we propose the ways that how to build an effective Decision Support System based on the MIS of ENWEI company.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (6097400161104121)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUDCF11039)
文摘The Bayesian approach is considered as the most general formulation of the state estimation for dynamic systems. However, most of the existing Bayesian estimators of stochastic hybrid systems only focus on the Markov jump system, few liter- ature is related to the estimation problem of nonlinear stochastic hybrid systems with state dependent transitions. According to this problem, a new methodology which relaxes quite a restrictive as- sumption that the mode transition process must satisfy Markov properties is proposed. In this method, a general approach is presented to model the state dependent transitions, the state and output spaces are discreted into cell space which handles the nonlinearities and computationally intensive problem offline. Then maximum a posterior estimation is obtained by using the Bayesian theory. The efficacy of the estimator is illustrated by a simulated example .
文摘Interactions between metals and supports are of fundamental interest in heterogeneous catalysis, Noble metal particles supported on transition metal oxides (TMO) may undergo a so-called strong metal-support interaction via encapsulation. This perspective addresses catalytic properties of the metal catalysts in the SMSI state which can be explained on the basis of complementary studies. The electronic geometric and bifunctional effects originating from strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) that are responsible for the catalyst’s activity, selectivity, and stability are key factors that determine performance. A series of Pd-Sb supported on different metal oxide (<em>i.e.</em> SiO<sub>2</sub>, <em>γ</em>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>) were prepared by the impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by N<sub>2</sub> adsorption (BET-SA and pore size distribution), TEM (transmission electron microscope), TPR (temperature-programmed reduction), CO-chemisorption, the structural characterization of Pd (dispersity, surface area), interaction between Pd and Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and also the influence of the nature of the support were investigated. SiO<sub>2</sub> supported Pd catalyst exhibited the highest surface area (192.6 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and pore volume (0.542 cm<sup>3</sup>/g) compared to the other supported oxides catalysts. The electron micrographs of these catalysts showed a narrow size particle distribution of Pd, but with varying sizes which in the range from 1 to 10 nm, depending on the type of support used. The results show almost completely suppressed of CO chemisorption when the catalysts were subjected to high temperature reduction (HTR), this suppression was overcome by oxidation of a reduced Pd/MeOx catalysts followed by re-reduction in hydrogen at 453 K low temperature reduction (LTR), almost completely restored the normal chemisorptive properties of the catalysts, this suppression was attributed by SbOx species by a typical SMSI effect as known for other reducible supports such as TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>, and Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.
文摘In this paper, we introduce the origination of the DW ideology and its architecture & principles,as well as relative techniques. With the example that the MIS of ENWEI company, we discuss how to apply the base theories of DW and implement its main techniques in modern companies. At the end of this paper ,we propose the ways that how to build an effective Decision Support System based on the MIS of ENWEI company.
