雄激素受体在肿瘤中的作用及机制研究进展

雄激素受体(androgen receptor, AR)是类固醇核受体超家族的成员之一。AR在正常生理和代谢过程以及在肿瘤等多种疾病的发生与发展中起着重要作用。AR在不同肿瘤中作用不同,如在前列腺癌、黑色素瘤及胃癌等肿瘤中发挥促进作用,而在雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌中发挥肿瘤抑制作用。AR通过调节免疫(抑制肿瘤浸润性CD8^(+)T细胞的活性和干性)间接发挥促进肿瘤发生发展。该文回顾并总结AR在肿瘤中的主要作用、分子机制与最新研究进展,阐明AR的研究前景,为AR的进一步研究提供思路。

枢经推拿对脊髓神经结扎大鼠模型炎症反应及SOCS1、TLR4蛋白表达的影响

目的本研究旨在探讨枢经推拿对神经病理性疼痛(NP)的抑炎镇痛机制。方法30只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、推拿组、假推拿组、假手术组,每组6只。除了正常组不进行处理,假手术组暴露L5神经外,其余3组大鼠采用脊神经结扎(SNL)法建立NP大鼠模型。造模后第1天开始,推拿组给予枢经推拿治疗,假推拿组给予抚摸,持续干预7 d,在造模前1 d及造模后1 d、3 d、7 d检测各组大鼠热痛缩足反应潜伏期(PWL)和机械性刺激缩足反应阈值(PWT)。干预7 d后,采用Western blot检测大鼠脊髓背角中细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1(SOCS1)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子κB(NF-κB)表达水平,采用ELISA检测脊髓背角组织白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平。结果造模前1 d,各组大鼠的PWT、PWL没有显著差异(P>0.05);造模后1 d、3 d、7 d,与正常组、假手术组相比,假推拿组、推拿组、模型组大鼠的PWT、PWL均降低(P<0.05),且造模后3 d和7 d,与模型组、假推拿组相比,推拿组大鼠的PWT、PWL均升高(P<0.05)。与正常组、假手术组相比,假推拿组、推拿组、模型组大鼠的SOCS1蛋白水平均明显升高(P<0.05);推拿组大鼠与模型组、假推拿组相比,SOCS1水平升高(P<0.05)。与正常组、假手术组相比,假推拿组、推拿组、模型组大鼠的脊髓背角TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6水平明显增加(P<0.05);与模型组相比,推拿组大鼠的TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论枢经推拿可以改善由SNL诱导的NP,其机制可能与通过上调脊髓背角中SOCS1蛋白表达,负反馈下调TLR4及NF-κB蛋白表达,降低促炎因子IL-6产生有关。

维生素D缺乏患者血清25羟维生素D水平与M-MDSCs、TNF-α、IL-10的差异性分析

目的探讨维生素D缺乏患者血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平与单核细胞型髓源抑制性细胞(M-MDSCs)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的相关性。方法选取2022年6—9月于银川市第一人民医院就诊的维生素D缺乏症患者24例(维生素D缺乏组)和同期健康体检者24例(正常对照组),收集基础临床指标,采集外周抗凝血,分离外周血浆和血细胞后,提取外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs),采用流式细胞术分析CD45+白细胞和CD45^(+)CD15^(-)CD11b^(+)HLA^(-)DR^(-)CD14^(+)M-MDSCs,采用ELISA法检测外周血清TNF-α、IL-10水平,采用Pearson相关分析探讨血清25(OH)D与M-MDSCs、TNF-α及IL-10的相关性。结果与正常对照组相比,维生素D缺乏组患者外周血白细胞增加、M-MDSCs增高(P均<0.05),血浆中TNF-α水平升高、IL-10降低(P均<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,25(OH)D与CD45^(+)白细胞、M-MDSCs和TNF-α呈负相关,与IL-10呈正相关(P均<0.05)。结论维生素D缺乏患者25(OH)D水平降低后可促进炎症发生,并与M-MDSCs密切相关。

CTNNB1、TP53蛋白在儿童肝母细胞瘤组织中的表达及与病理特征、预后的关系

目的 探讨钙黏蛋白相关蛋白(cadherin associated protein beta 1,CTNNB1)、肿瘤抑制因子P53(tumor suppressor factor P53,TP53)蛋白在儿童肝母细胞瘤(hepatoblastoma, HB)组织中的表达及与病理特征、预后的关系。方法 选取2017-06/2020-06月作者医院收治的72例HB患儿为研究对象,手术留取癌组织标本及对应的癌旁组织。连续随访3年,记录患儿的预后生存情况,并计算总生存率(overall survival, OS)。采用免疫组织化学法检测CTNNB1、TP53蛋白在HB患儿癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达情况;采用χ~2检验分析CTNNB1、TP53蛋白表达与HB患儿临床病理特征的关系;采用多因素Cox回归分析探讨HB患儿预后的影响因素。结果 HB患儿癌组织中CTNNB1阳性表达率(76.39%)高于对照组(43.06%),TP53阴性表达率(70.83%)高于对照组(38.89%)(P均<0.05)。初诊甲胎蛋白浓度≥100μg/L、POST-TEXT分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、肿瘤直径≥3 cm、有肿瘤侵袭或转移HB患儿的CTNNB1阳性表达率、TP53阴性表达率高于初诊甲胎蛋白<100μg/L、POST-TEXT分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、肿瘤直径<3 cm、无肿瘤侵袭或转移HB患儿(P均<0.05)。初诊甲胎蛋白≥100μg/L、POST-TEXT分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有肿瘤侵袭或转移、CTNNB1阳性表达、TP53阴性表达的HB患儿3年OS低于初诊甲胎蛋白<100μg/L、POST-TEXT分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无肿瘤侵袭或转移、CTNNB1阴性表达、TP53阳性表达的HB患儿(P均<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,POST-TEXT分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(HR=2.077,95%CI:1.423~3.032)、有肿瘤侵袭或转移(HR=2.291,95%CI:1.536~3.417)、CTNNB1阳性表达(HR=2.757,95%CI:1.781~4.268)、TP53阴性表达(HR=2.477,95%CI:1.635~3.753)是HB患儿预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 HB患儿癌组织中CTNNB1主要呈阳性表达,而TP53主要呈阴性表达,二者与初诊甲胎蛋白、POST-TEXT分期、肿瘤直径、有肿瘤侵袭或转移密切相关,有望作为评估HB患儿预后的生物学指标。

Intermittent fasting boosts antitumor immunity by restricting CD11b^(+)Ly6C^(low)Ly6G^(low) cell viability through glucose metabolism in murine breast tumor model

Intermittent fasting can benefit breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy.However,it is still uncertain how to select immunotherapy drugs to combine with intermittent fasting.Herein we observed that two cycles of fasting treatment significantly inhibited breast tumor growth and lung tissue metastasis,as well as prolonged overall survival in mice bearing 4T1 and 4T07 breast cancer.During this process,both the immunosuppressive monocytic-(M-)and granulocytic-(G-)myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC)decreased,accompanied by an increase in interleukin(IL)7R^(+)and granzyme B^(+)T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Interestingly,we observed that Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC sharply decreased after fasting treatment,and the cell surface markers and protein mass spectrometry data showed potential therapeutic targets.Mechanistic investigation revealed that glucose metabolism restriction suppressed the splenic granulocytemonocyte progenitor and the generation of colony-stimulating factors and IL-6,which both contributed to the accumulation of G-MDSC.On the other hand,glucose metabolism restriction can directly induce the apoptosis of Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC,but not Ly6G^(high)subsets.In summary,these results suggest that glucose metabolism restriction induced by fasting treatment attenuates the immune-suppressive milieu and enhances the activation of CD3^(+)T cells,providing potential solutions for enhancing immune-based cancer interventions.

血清生长分化因子15、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3水平与原发性肝癌患者接受经导管动脉栓塞化疗预后的关系

目的探究血清生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor 15,GDF15)、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3(suppressor of cytokine signaling 3,SOCS3)水平与原发性肝癌患者接受经导管动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)预后的关系。方法选取89例2018年9月至2020年5月在河北北方学院附属第一医院行TACE的原发性肝癌患者作为研究组,治疗3个周期后评估近期疗效,将研究组分为预后良好组(n=54)、预后不良组(n=35),另选取同期健康体检者89例作为对照组。血清GDF15、SOCS3表达水平用酶联免疫吸附法测定,并进行组间比较;用多因素Logistic回归分析患者接受TACE预后的影响因素;受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析血清GDF15、SOCS3水平对预后的评估价值。结果与对照组相比,研究组血清GDF15水平升高,血清SOCS3水平下降(均P<0.05);与预后良好组相比,预后不良组血清GDF15水平升高,血清SOCS3水平降低(均P<0.05)。血清GDF15为原发性肝癌患者接受TACE预后的独立危险因素,而血清SOCS3为独立保护因素(均P<0.05)。血清GDF15、SOCS3二者联合评估原发性肝癌患者接受TACE预后的ROC曲线的曲线下面积为0.958,优于血清GDF15、SOCS3各自单独检测(Z_(二者联合-GDF15)=2.074、Z_(二者联合-SOCS3)=2.794,P=0.038、P=0.005)。结论血清GDF15表达水平较高和血清SOCS3表达水平较低的原发性肝癌患者接受TACE预后较差,血清GDF15、SOCS3为原发性肝癌患者接受TACE预后的影响因素,对患者预后情况有较好的评估价值。

肺腺癌患者CT征象表现与P53、E-cadherin、TGF-β1蛋白表达的相关性

目的探讨肺腺癌患者计算机断层扫描(CT)征象表现及与抑癌基因(P53)、上皮钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)蛋白表达的相关性。方法选择2020年1月至2022年12月在新乡市中心医院行手术切除的97例肺腺癌患者为研究对象,采用免疫组化法检测肺腺癌组织及癌旁组织P53、E-cadherin、TGF-β1蛋白表达情况,术前采用德国西门子64排多层螺旋CT增强扫描,分析CT征象与P53、E-cadherin、TGF-β1蛋白表达的相关性。结果肺腺癌组织P53、TGF-β1蛋白阳性表达率高于癌旁组织,E-cadherin蛋白阳性表达率低于癌旁性组织(P<0.05);有棘突征、毛刺征和分叶征CT征象的肺腺癌组织中P53蛋白阳性表达率高于无棘突征、毛刺征和分叶征CT征象者(P<0.05);有棘突征、毛刺征CT征象的肺腺癌组织中E-cadherin蛋白阳性表达率低于无棘突征、毛刺征CT征象者(P<0.05);有血管集束征、毛刺征、分叶征CT征象的肺腺癌组织中TGF-β1蛋白阳性表达率高于无血管集束征、毛刺征、分叶征CT征象者(P<0.05)。结论肺腺癌组织P53、TGF-β1蛋白表达增高,E-cadherin蛋白表达降低,其阳性表达率与肺腺癌患者CT征象存在一定的相关性。

Hp、RASAL2、CDH1及TP53对胃癌前病变与早期胃癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)、RAS蛋白激活样因子2(RASAL2)、钙黏蛋白1(CDH1)及肿瘤抑制基因P53(TP53)对胃癌前病变与早期胃癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月收治的早期胃癌52例,根据1:1选例原则另选取同期胃癌前病变52例、胃炎52例,分别纳入胃癌组、癌前组、胃炎组。比较3组及不同病理特征的早期胃癌患者Hp、RASAL2、CDH1、TP53阳性表达率,比较胃癌组Hp阳性、阴性患者RASAL2、CDH1、TP53阳性表达率,采用Spearman相关分析探讨各指标阳性表达与早期胃癌患者部分病理特征的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析联合检测对早期胃癌及胃癌前病变的鉴别诊断价值。结果3组Hp、CDH1、TP53阳性表达率胃癌组>癌前组>胃炎组,RASAL2阳性表达率胃癌组<癌前组<胃炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。胃癌组Hp阳性患者CDH1、TP53阳性表达率高于Hp阴性患者,RASAL2阳性表达率低于Hp阴性患者(P<0.05,P<0.01);早期胃癌患者Hp、RASAL2、CDH1、TP53阳性表达率在肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。Hp、CDH1、TP53阳性表达与早期胃癌肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移均呈正相关,RASAL2阳性表达与之呈负相关(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,Hp、RASAL2、CDH1、TP53联合诊断胃癌前病变的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.904(95%CI:0.846,0.945),联合诊断早期胃癌的AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.819,0.946)。结论Hp、CDH1、TP53在早期胃癌组织中阳性表达率较高,RASAL2阳性表达率较低,联合检测对胃癌前病变及早期胃癌具有一定鉴别诊断价值,可作为临床鉴别诊断胃癌前病变、早期胃癌的辅助指标。

Overexpression of P53 and its risk factors in esophageal cancer in urban areas of Xi′an

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组织中P53、人表皮生长因子受体2表达与乳腺癌患者临床病理特征的关系

目的:探讨组织中P53、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)表达与乳腺癌患者临床病理特征的关系.方法:选取2019年2月至2023年2月于本院采取手术治疗的60例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象.检测其组织中P53、HER2表达,分析其阳性表达与乳腺癌患者不同临床病理特征的相关性.结果:60例乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中,P53、HER2阳性率分别为53.33%(32/60)和45%(27/60).Ⅲ期、组织低分化、发生淋巴结转移乳腺癌患者的P53、HER2阳性率,显著高于Ⅰ/Ⅱ期、组织中高分化、未发生淋巴结转移者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中P53、HER2阳性表达,与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移情况呈正相关关系(r>0,P<0.05),与组织分化程度呈负相关关系(r<0,P<0.05).结论:乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中P53、HER2多呈阳性表达.肿瘤分期、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移情况,可能与P53、HER2表达有关.

Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND： Myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs） are heterogeneous cell types that suppress T-cell responses in cancer patients and animal models, some MDSC subpopulations are increased in patients with pancreatic cancer. The present study was to investigate a specific subset of MDSCs in patients with pancreatic cancer and the mechanism of MDSCs increase in these patients. METHODS： Myeloid cells from whole blood were collected from 37 patients with pancreatic cancer, 17 with cholangiocarcinoma, and 47 healthy controls. Four pancreatic cancer cell lines were co- cultured with normal peripheral blood mononudear cells （PBMCs） to test the effect of tumor cells on the conversion of PBMCs to MDSCs. Levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor （GM-CSF） and arginase activity in the plasma of cancer patients were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS： CD14＋/CD11b＋/HLA-DR MDSCs were increased in patients with pancreatic or bile duct cancer compared with those in healthy controls, and this increase was correlated with clinical cancer stage. Pancreatic cancer cell lines induced PBMCs to MDSCs in a dose-dependent manner. GM-CSF and arginase activity levels were significantly increased in the se rum of patients with pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS： MDSCs were tumor related： tumor cells induced PBMCs to MDSCs in a dose-dependent manner and circulating CD14＋/CD11b＋/HLA-DR- MDSCs in pancreatic cancer patients were positively correlated with tumor burden. MDSCs might be useful markers for pancreatic cancer detection and progression.

Science Letters:IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis with its expression associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1

Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-7 (IGFBP7) was obtained from our previous colonic adenocarcinoma (CRC) and normal mucosa suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that IGFBP7 was overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to normal tissue. However, our in vitro experiments performed in 10 CRC cell lines showed that IGFBP7 expressed only in SW480 and Caco2 cell lines, which implied an underlying reversible regulatory mechanism. Using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sodium PCR (BSP), we found that its expression was associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon1. This was further supported by the in vitro study which showed restored IGFBP7 expression after demethylation agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine treatment. Correlation analysis between IGFBP7 expression and prognosis indicated that overexpression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue correlated with favourable survival. Investigation of the func-tional role of IGFBP7 through transfection studies showed that IGFBP7 protein could inhibit growth rate, decrease colony for-mation activity, and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells, suggesting it a potential tumor suppressor protein in colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colo-rectal carcinogenesis and its expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1.

Inactivation of the tumor suppressor Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) by mutation or decreased expression in hepatocellular carcinomas

Background and aim: The Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF6 is a novel tumor-suppressor gene. It was inactivated in human prostate cancer and other tumors tissue, as the result of frequent mutation and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). However, there is no data reporting the levels of KLF6 both mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). We therefore detected mutations and expression of KLF6 in HCC tissues and further observed the effect of it on cell growth in HCC cell lines. Methods: We analyzed the exon-2 of KLF6 gene by direct DNA sequencing, and detected the expression of KLF6 by RT-PCR and Western blot in 23 HCC tissues and corresponding nontumorous tissues. Loss of growth suppressive effect of the HCC-derived KLF6 mutant was characterized by in vitro growth curves plotted, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Results: KLF6 mutations were found in 2 of 23 HCC tissues and one of mutations was missense. Expression of KLF6 mRNA or protein was down-regulated in 8 (34.7%) or 9 (39.1%) of 23 HCC tissues. Wild-type KLF6 (wtKLF6) inhibited cellular proliferation and prolonged G1-S transition by inducing the expression of p21WAF1 following stable transfection into cultured HepG2 cells, but tumor-derived KLF6 mutant (mKLF6) had no effects. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that KLF6 may be involved in pathogenesis of HCC.

Amplification of Functional Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells during Stem Cell Mobilization Induced by Granulocyte Colony-stimulation-factor

The effects of granulocyte colony-stimulation-factor （G-CSF） on stem cell mobilization and its impact on the amplification of myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs） of donor mice were ex- amined. A mouse model of stem cell mobilization was established by consecutive subcutaneous injec- tion of 100 μg/kg G-CSF for 5 days. The blood from the donor mice was routinely examined during mobilization. Stem cells and MDSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. The immunosuppressive mole- cules derived from MDSCs in serum and spleen, including hydrogen dioxide （H202） and nitric oxide （NO）, and the activity of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） were determined during the mobilization. Apop- tosis of T lymphocytes was assessed by using Annexin-V/PI. During stem cell mobilization, the number of lymphocytes and white blood cells in the peripheral blood was increased, and peaked on the 4th day. The number of stem cells in G-CSF-treated mice was significantly greater than that in controls （P〈0.01）. The expansions of MSDCs were also observed after G-CSF mobilization, with a more notable rate of growth in the peripheral blood than in the spleen. The activity of NOS and the production of NO were increased in the donor mice, and the serum H202 levels were approximately 4-fold greater than the con- trois. Consequently, apoptosis of T lymphocytes was increased and showed a positive correlation with the elevated percentage of MDSCs. It was concluded that G-CSF could provide sufficient peripheral blood stem cells for transplantation. Exogenous administration of G-CSF caused the accumulation of MDSCs in the peripheral blood and the spleen, which could lead to apoptosis ofT lymphocytes and may offer a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of graft versus host disease.

PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AUTOCRINE T SUPPRESSOR FACTOR FROM MURINE LEUKEMIA

The leukemia-associated autoinhibitor (LAI-615) derived from murine leukemia L7811 has been investigated intensively in our laboratory. In the following experiments, the partial purification of LA I-615 has been carried out in addition to the observation of phenotype variations of L7811 leuke-mic cells. The factor was purified over 1306-fold by sequential fractionation with Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromato-graphy, and Mono Q-fast protein liquid chromato-graphy. The molecular weight of LAI-615 was 68,000 as estimated by gel filtration. LAI-615 was a protein but not glycosylated, and it was suggested LAI-615 be secreted in an autocrine manner. Im-munocytochemical staining showed that the expression of Lyt2 phenotype of L7811 leukemic cells was often coincident with the secretion of LAI-615. Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics of LAI-615 was similar to that of T suppressor factor. Thus it is concluded that LAI-615 may be one of TsF-like factors.

Correlation research of Runt-related transcription factor 2 with proliferation genes, tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis molecules in colon cancer lesions

Objective: To investigate the correlation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2) with proliferation genes, tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis molecules in colon cancer lesions. Methods: A total of 90 patients with primary colon cancer were enrolled in colon cancer group, 68 patients with benign colon polyps were enrolled in colon polyps group, the differences in the expression levels of RunX2, proliferation genes, tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis molecules in the two groups of lesions were compared, and Pearson test was further used to evaluate the correlation of RunX2 expression level with proliferation gene, tumor suppressor gene and angiogenesis molecule expression levels in colon cancer tissues. Results: RunX2 mRNA expression level in the lesions of colon cancer group was higher than that of colon polyps group. Proliferation genes GTPBP4, HOXB7, ZNF331, ADAM17 and HSP60 mRNA expression levels in the lesions of colon cancer group were higher than those of colon polyps group;tumor suppressor genes ATF3, FOXN3, OTUD1 and NDRG2 mRNA expression levels were lower than those of colon polyps group;angiogenesis molecules Musashi 1, NF-κB, RegⅣ and STAT3 mRNA expression levels were higher than those of colon polyps group. RunX2 mRNA expression level in the colon cancer lesions was directly correlated with the expression levels of the above proliferation genes, tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis molecules. Conclusion: RunX2 expression is abnormally high in colon cancer lesions, the specific expression level is positively correlated with cancer cell proliferation activity and angiogenesis activity, and it is an important molecular target that can lead to the occurrence and development of colon cancer.

玄胡索散通过下调粒细胞集落刺激因子抑制脾脏髓源抑制细胞分化发挥抗乳腺癌作用

目的:探讨玄胡索散抑制乳腺癌小鼠脾脏髓源抑制细胞(MDSC)分化的作用机制。方法:4~5周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠48只,其中6只为正常对照组,其他42只采用小鼠左侧第二对乳腺皮下脂肪垫接种4T1细胞构建乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,分为粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)对照组、G-CSF敲减组、模型对照组、玄胡索散小剂量组、玄胡索散中剂量组、玄胡索散大剂量组和环磷酰胺组,每组6只。其中G-CSF对照组和G-CSF敲减组分别采用shRNA慢病毒转染联合嘌呤霉素构建相应4T1稳转细胞模型。各组造模48 h后,玄胡索散小剂量组、玄胡索散中剂量组、玄胡索散大剂量组分别按2、4、8 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)玄胡索散灌胃,每天一次;环磷酰胺组按30 mg/kg腹腔注射环磷酰胺,隔天一次;其他组给予等体积0.5%羟甲基纤维素纳。各组连续给药25 d。苏木精-伊红染色观察脾脏组织病理学改变,流式细胞术测定脾脏MDSC亚群比例,免疫荧光法检测脾脏CD11b、Ly6G共表达,酶联免疫吸附测定外周血G-CSF浓度。在体外,建立荷瘤小鼠脾脏与4T1稳转株共培养体系,玄胡索散(30μg/mL)处理24 h,免疫荧光检测脾脏CD11b、Ly6G共表达;不同浓度的玄胡索散(10、30、100μg/mL)处理4T1细胞12 h,实时逆转录PCR检测G-CSF mRNA水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型鼠脾脏红髓增宽伴巨核细胞浸润,脾脏多形核细胞样MDSC(PMN-MDSC)比例增加(P<0.01),脾脏CD11b、Ly6G共表达增多,外周血G-CSF浓度上升(P<0.01)。玄胡索散干预后脾脏PMNMDSC比例减小(P<0.05),脾脏CD11b、Ly6G共表达减少,4T1细胞G-CSF mRNA水平下调(P<0.01),模型鼠外周血G-CSF浓度减少(P<0.05),肿瘤体积缩小,脾脏增大情况改善(均P<0.05)。结论:玄胡索散可能通过下调G-CSF,阻碍MDSC向PMN-MDSC分化,重建脾脏髓系微环境,从而发挥抗乳腺癌作用。

川崎病患儿STAT3-SOCS3信号通路的表达及其对冠状动脉病变的影响

目的探究川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)患儿信号转导与转录活化因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)-细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3(suppressors of cytokine signaling 3,SOCS3)信号通路的表达及其对冠状动脉病变(coronary artery lesion,CAL)的影响。方法选取2021年1月~2022年6月住院的KD患儿50例为研究对象,根据心脏彩超结果分为CAL组(n=12)与无CAL组(n=38),另选取同期进行常规体检的健康儿童30例为对照组。分别采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)和Western blot法检测外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood monouclear cells,PBMC)中STAT3、SOCS3、基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP9)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的mRNA和蛋白表达,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血浆中MMP9、VEGF水平。结果KD组急性期PBMC中STAT3、SOCS3、MMP9、VEGF的mRNA和蛋白表达及血浆MMP9、VEGF水平均高于KD组缓解期和对照组(P<0.05),KD组缓解期这些指标也明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。与无CAL组患儿比较,CAL组患儿PBMC中STAT3、SOCS3、MMP9、VEGF的mRNA和蛋白表达及血浆MMP9、VEGF水平均明显升高(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,KD组急性期PBMC中STAT3、SOCS3的mRNA和蛋白表达分别与MMP9、VEGF呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论KD患儿STAT3-SOCS3信号通路的被异常激活,可能通过上调MMP9、VEGF表达导致CAL。

Heat shock factor 1 promotes neurite outgrowth and suppresses inflammation in the severed spinal cord of geckos

The low intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and an injury-induced inhibitory milieu are major contributo rs to the failure of sensory and motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.Heat shock transcription factor 1(HSF1),a master regulator of the heat shock response,plays neurogenetic and neuroprotective roles in the damaged or diseased central nervous system.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.In the present study,we used a gecko model of spontaneous nerve regeneration to investigate the potential roles of gecko HSF1(gHSF1) in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and inflammatory inhibition of macrophages following spinal cord injury.gHSF1 expression in neurons and microglia at the lesion site increased dramatically immediately after tail amputation.gHSF1 ove rexpression in gecko primary neuro ns significantly promoted axonal growth by suppressing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3,and fa cilitated neuro nal survival via activation of the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathways.Furthermore,gHSF1 efficiently inhibited the macrophagemediated inflammatory response by inactivating 1kappa B-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling.Our findings show that HSF1 plays dual roles in promoting axonal regrowth and inhibiting leukocyte inflammation,and provide new avenues of investigation for promoting spinal co rd injury repair in mammals.

肿瘤抑制因子在溃疡性结肠炎肠黏膜的表达及其对NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的观察肿瘤抑制因子Cylindromatosis(CYLD)在溃疡性结肠炎患者肠黏膜组织中的表达水平,探讨其对NF-κB通路P65、P50表达的影响。方法选取2021年5月~2023年2月广西医科大学第四附属医院收治的60例溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者肠黏膜标本(UC组),并选取同期30名正常者为健康对照组。采用RT-PCR法检测两组受检者组织中CYLD mRNA表达。以CYLD shRNA转染结肠Caco-2细胞株,Western blot法检测NF-κB信号通路P65、P50蛋白的表达以及加入NF-κB信号通路抑制剂吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸(PTDC)后P65、P50蛋白的表达。结果与健康对照组比较,UC组mRNA表达水平明显降低[(0.624±0.087)vs.(0.993±0.056)],组间差异有统计学意义(t=21.119,P<0.05)。UC亚组间比较,重度组mRNA表达(0.418±0.059)低于中度和轻度组[(0.690±0.103)、(0.722±0.076)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),轻度、中度组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。转染CYLD shRNA的结肠Caco-2细胞CYLD蛋白表达下调,P65、P50蛋白表达上调;加入PTDC后,P65、P50表达下降,进一步证实CYLD能够负调控NF-κB信号通路。结论溃疡性结肠炎患者肠黏膜CYLD表达下调,CYLD可能通过负调控NF-κB信号通路影响UC的发病过程。