基于sEMG的手指康复治疗的信号处理研究

手指功能在日常生活中特别重要,特别是在一些需要抓取和一些较为精细的动作中,对日常生活质量有着不可忽视的影响。而目前临床针对手指功能康复的治疗模式主要采用辅助设备康复,而这种模式又较为枯燥。提出了一种通过采集表面肌电信号(sEMG)的方式,使得手指功能受损的患者可以脱离现有比较枯燥的治疗方式,同时也更有利于患者其他功能例如神经系统功能的恢复。采用肌电信号公开数据集,对原始肌电信号做相关的预处理,同时采用matlab仿真的方式验证预处理的正确性;并通过临床实验采集患者肌电信号的方式验证使用目前的肌电传感器对运动意图分析的可行性。

基于sEMG信号几何特征的肌肉疲劳分类

为了更好地区分肌肉疲劳程度,本文通过小波变换的方法,分析不同频段中表面肌电(sEMG)信号的能量变化情况,提取信号几何特征,对肌肉非疲劳和疲劳状态进行区分。从几何边界区域中提取周长、面积、圆度特征,分析几何特征变化情况。同时,使用分类器对肌肉疲劳进行分类。实验结果表明:几何特征对肌肉疲劳状态有更加直观的区分效果。几何特征在肌肉疲劳前后有明显变化,相比传统时域、频域特征,具有更好的分类效果,对几何特征进行特征融合,能够有效提升分类准确度。

Characterization of surface EMG signals using improved approximate entropy

An improved approximate entropy (ApEn) is presented and applied to characterize surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. In most previous experiments using nonlinear dynamic analysis, this certain processing was often confronted with the problem of insufficient data points and noisy circumstances, which led to unsatisfactory results. Compared with fractal dimension as well as the standard ApEn, the improved ApEn can extract information underlying sEMG signals more efficiently and accu- rately. The method introduced here can also be applied to other medium-sized and noisy physiological signals.

Pattern recognition of surface electromyography signal based on wavelet coefficient entropy

This paper introduced a novel, simple and ef-fective method to extract the general feature of two surface EMG (electromyography) signal patterns: forearm supination (FS) surface EMG signal and forearm pronation (FP) surface EMG signal. After surface EMG (SEMG) signal was decomposed to the fourth resolution level with wavelet packet transform (WPT), its whole scaling space (with frequencies in the interval (0Hz, 500Hz]) was divided into16 frequency bands (FB). Then wavelet coefficient entropy (WCE) of every FB was calculated and corre-spondingly marked with WCE(n) (from the nth FB, n=1,2,…16). Lastly, some WCE(n) were chosen to form WCE feature vector, which was used to distinguish FS surface EMG signals from FP surface EMG signals. The result showed that the WCE feather vector consisted of WCE(7) (187.25Hz, 218.75Hz) and WCE(8) (218.75Hz, 250Hz) can more effectively recog-nize FS and FP patterns than other WCE feature vector or the WPT feature vector which was gained by the combination of WPT and principal components analysis.

Classification of surface EMG signal with fractal dimension

Surface EMG (electromyography) signal is a complex nonlinear signal with low signal to noise ratio (SNR). This paper is aimed at identifying different patterns of surface EMG signals according to fractal dimension. Two patterns of surface EMG signals are respectively acquired from the right forearm flexor of 30 healthy volunteers during right forearm supination (FS) or forearm pronation (FP). After the high frequency noise is filtered from surface EMG signal by a low-pass filter, fractal di-mension is calculated from the filtered surface EMG signal. The results showed that the fractal dimensions of filtered FS surface EMG signals and those of filtered FP surface EMG signals distribute in two different regions, so the fractal dimensions can rep-resent different patterns of surface EMG signals.

基于sEMG的快递职业上装与肌肉疲劳度关系的研究

为了研究快递员职业上装与肌肉疲劳度之间的关系,以顺丰速运有限公司的夏、秋两套职业装为例,招募了7名男性受试者来模拟快递员的行为特征,测量了受试者工作状态下指伸肌、肱二头肌长头、斜方肌3个肌群的表面肌电信号,运用统计学分析方法分析了工作状态中的肌肉疲劳特征。在模拟快递员工作的实验中,结合受试者的主观分析及表面肌电信号数据可知,肱二头肌长头相比其他测试部位肌肉疲劳感最为强烈,穿着样衣2^(#)时的疲劳感比穿着样衣1^(#)时显著增加(p<0.05)。研究结果可为快递员职业上装的版型设计提供参考。

The Change of Spectral Energy Distribution of Surface EMG Signal During Forearm Action Process

Spectral energy distribution of surface EMG signal is often used but difficultly and effectively control artificial limb, because the spectral energy distribution changes in the process of limb actions. In this paper, the general characteristics of surface EMG signal patterns were firstly characterized by spectral energy change. 13 healthy subjects were instructed to execute forearm supination （FS） and forearm pronation （FP） with their right foreanns when their forearm muscles were ＂fatigue＂ or ＂relaxed＂. All surface EMG signals were recorded from their right forearm flexor during their right forearm actions. Two sets of surface EMG signals were segmented from every surface EMG signal appropriately at preparing stage and acting stage. Relative wavelet packet energy （symbolized by pnp and pna respectively at preparing stage and acting stage, n denotes the nth frequency band） of surface EMG signal firstly was calculated and then, the difference （Pn = Pna-Pnp） were gained. The results showed that Pn from some frequency bands can effectively characterize the general characteristics of surface EMG signal patterns. Compared with Pn in other frequency bands, P4, the spectral energy change from 93.75 to 125 Hz, was more appropriately regarded as the features.

一种基于sEMG信号多重分形的肌肉疲劳特征分析方法

针对由表面肌电信号(sEMG)非平稳、非线性、自相似性等复杂特性导致的肌肉疲劳估计不准的问题,提出一种基于sEMG信号多重分形降趋移动平均法(MFDMA)的肌肉疲劳特征分析方法。首先,利用MFDMA方法对采集的sEMG信号、洗牌信号和高斯白噪声信号进行非线性动力学分析;其次,利用MFDMA方法计算sEMG信号的多重分形谱宽度、Hurst指数变化差值、概率测度值和峰值奇异指数4种多重分形特征;最后,利用t-检验法分析肌肉疲劳与非疲劳状态下的多重分形特征的显著差异性。结果表明,MFDMA方法能够描述sEMG信号的多重分形行为,谱宽等多重分形特征在肌肉疲劳与非疲劳状态下具有显著性差异。所提方法能够可靠表征运动性肌肉疲劳,可为肌肉疲劳识别模型建构、康复医学研究提供特征参考。

基于ISSA-VMD和二代小波的sEMG信号降噪研究

表面肌电(sEMG)信号是一种可以有效表征肌肉活动的弱生理信号,采集过程中易受到多种噪声干扰。为解决变分模态分解(VMD)参数经验设置的问题,并进一步消除sEMG信号中的噪声,提出了一种基于改进麻雀算法(ISSA)优化VMD和二代小波阈值法相结合的sEMG信号降噪法。首先,采用基于改进T混沌映射、自适应权重和麻雀数目动态变化的改进麻雀算法并将品质因子作为目标函数对VMD进行参数寻优,然后利用ISSA优化的VMD分解对预处理过的sEMG信号进行分解,通过谱相关分析区分信号分量和噪声分量,最后对信号分量进行二代小波阈值法降噪,得到降噪信号。结果表明:ISSA较SSA有效提高了VMD参数寻优能力;在不同噪声等级下,基于ISSA-VMD和二代小波硬阈值的降噪法的降噪性能优于二代小波和ISSA-VMD;基于ISSA-VMD与二代小波硬阈值降噪法处理实际sEMG信号,能有效去除噪声。

基于sEMG和变刚度控制的虚拟假手交互系统

为使虚拟假手在交互时具有柔顺性,实现了一种基于表面肌电(sEMG)信号和变刚度控制的虚拟假手交互系统。首先,采集人体前臂的sEMG信号并从中估计人手的刚度水平和关节扭矩;然后,通过变刚度阻抗控制模型估计虚拟假手的关节角度;最后,使用估计的关节角度控制虚拟假手与虚拟环境中的物体进行交互,交互过程中根据虚拟假手与物体的交互力对关节角度进行动态调节。实验结果表明:基于sEMG和变刚度控制的虚拟假手在进行抓握物体的交互任务时能在成功抓握物体的前提下产生较小的交互力,从而实现柔顺的交互。

Feature Layer Fusion of Linear Features and Empirical Mode Decomposition of Human EMG Signal

To explore the influence of the fusion of different features on recognition,this paper took the electromyography(EMG)signals of rectus femoris under different motions(walk,step,ramp,squat,and sitting)as samples,linear features(time-domain features(variance(VAR)and root mean square(RMS)),frequency-domain features(mean frequency(MF)and mean power frequency(MPF)),and nonlinear features(empirical mode decomposition(EMD))of the samples were extracted.Two feature fusion algorithms,the series splicing method and complex vector method,were designed,which were verified by a double hidden layer(BP)error back propagation neural network.Results show that with the increase of the types and complexity of feature fusions,the recognition rate of the EMG signal to actions is gradually improved.When the EMG signal is used in the series splicing method,the recognition rate of time-domain+frequency-domain+empirical mode decomposition(TD+FD+EMD)splicing is the highest,and the average recognition rate is 92.32%.And this rate is raised to 96.1%by using the complex vector method,and the variance of the BP system is also reduced.

Finger Flexion Motion Inference from sEMG Signals

This paper provides a method to infer finger flexing motions using a 4-channel surface Electronyogram （sEMG）. Surface EMGs are hannless to the humnan body and easily done. However, they do not reflect the activity of specific nerves or muscles, unlike invasive EMCs. On the other hand, the non-invasive type is difficult to use for discriminating various motions while using only a small number of electrodes. Surface EMG data in this study were obtained from four electodes placed around the forearm. The motions were the flexion of each 5 single fingers （thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little fingers）. One subject was trained with these motions and another left was untrained. The maximum likelihood estimation method was used to infer the finger motion. Experimental results have showed that this method could be useful for recognizing finger motions.The average accuracy was as high as 95%.

表面肌电信号手势识别算法综述

随着人工智能技术的发展,深度学习在手势识别方面的识别效果得到显著提升。表面肌电信号是人体肌肉活动时产生的一种电生理信号,由于其非侵入性便于采集,现已作为康复辅具与假肢控制的一种信号来源。在应用表面肌电信号时,需要经过放大滤波等预处理;然后进行特征提取以获取表面肌电信号在时域、频域及时频域的有效信息;最后将这些信息输入机器学习模型中,即可分析人体的相关肌肉运动,进而控制相关器械动作。为此,主要对特征提取及机器学习分类模型部分进行综述,阐述当前基于表面肌电信号手势识别的研究进展与未来发展方向。

融合表面肌电和姿势信息的轮椅绩效评价方法

目的为客观评价轮椅的使用效益,使用表面肌电设备测试轮椅使用过程中的肌电信号,并融合姿势信号IMU来构建人机评价模型。方法分别对轮椅的折叠、刹车方式及行驶坡度进行试验来评估轮椅的使用绩效,通过对比用力肌群间的疲劳状况来判定较为舒适的轮椅折叠及刹车方式。实验要求被试者在执行轮椅任务时,分别使用两种折叠方式和三种刹车方式不同的轮椅进行实验,并在操作动作任务过程中采集sEMG和IMU信号,在实验任务结束后填写NASA-TLX量表。结果根据模型的评价指标对实验数据进行了比较与分析,横向收折式折叠和凹口式刹车(手刹位于前方)的轮椅疲劳度低,在3~4°坡度范围下轮椅使用者的受力最小,较为舒适,从而验证了模型在轮椅人机评价上的可行性,为优化轮椅设计提供参考。结论人机评价模型适用于评估产品绩效,同时提出的融合表面肌电和姿势信息的轮椅绩效评价方法具有较高的精度和准确性,能够有效地评估轮椅使用者的绩效水平。

一种基于循环时空深度神经网络的手势识别方法

针对表面肌电信号解码模型因缺乏时空信息等重要性表征,面临解码精度低、鲁棒性差等问题,提出了一种基于循环时空深度神经网络的手势识别模型,来提高挖掘表面肌电信号的表征能力。首先,设计多通道卷积神经网络,并融入双向循环神经网络来提取强判别力的时空特征信息。其次,采用通道注意力机制来捕捉时空特征中通道重要性信息,设计基于时空特征的注意力模块以进一步增强时空特征信息。同时,基于特征金字塔网络思想来设计多尺度特征融合模块,从多尺度、多角度获取多级特征信息,提高模型对肌电信号的解码能力。最后,将所提出的手势识别模型在大型手势识别数据库Ninapro上进行测试,结果表明所提方法能有效提高对表面肌电信号的表征挖掘能力,为人体手势动作识别的深度学习建模工作提供借鉴意义。

基于表面肌电信号及肌肉疲劳的上肢肌力预测

为解决目前肌肉力测量时用肢体末端力表示实际肌肉力大小,以及未将肌肉疲劳程度考虑在内的问题,本文提出了一种基于表面肌电信号和肌肉疲劳的上肢肌肉力预测方法。利用AnyBody软件建立上肢肌肉骨骼模型,并将上肢末端力经过仿真得到单块肌肉的肌力大小;采用肌肉等长收缩的时间来表征肌肉疲劳程度。10名健康男性受试者进行上肢等长收缩实验,提取实验过程中肱二头肌肌电信号的积分肌电值、均方根、中值频率、平均功率频率、最大小波系数及其对应频率六个特征值;将肌肉力与特征值、肌肉疲劳程度进行分析后发现三者之间高度相关。采用麻雀搜索算法优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值,构造并训练上肢肌力预测模型。经测试集检验结果表明,该方法的误差小于12%,可以对肌力进行较为准确的预测。

表面肌电与三轴信息融合的运动判断实验

为了提高基于表面肌电与三轴加速度信号的运动识别准确率,提出了一套多源信息融合处理的实验流程与方法。该方法利用5层离散小波变换对表面肌电信号进行分解,充分提取不同运动产生的肌电信号中各频域的特征信息;再将分解后的表面肌电信号与三轴加速度信号通过滑动窗口的方法进行特征融合,构造融合肌电与空间运动特征的特征图;最后用融合特征图对深度学习模型进行训练,并结合自动状态机进行最终运动状态的识别。实验结果表明,多源信息融合处理方法可以提高运动识别的准确性,总体识别精度分别达到了95.4%和89.2%。该方法在实时性与准确性上均有良好表现。

针迹类型对表面肌电用刺绣型织物电极性能影响

为设计与开发高性能的表面肌电用刺绣型织物电极,优化其工艺参数,采用镀银纱线作为导电刺绣线,以弹性针织面料作为刺绣基底织物,制备了4种不同针迹类型的刺绣电极,测试了其皮肤-电极阻抗,并在行走和慢跑2种状态下使用刺绣电极与Ag/AgCl凝胶电极同步采集了小腿腓肠肌表面肌电信号,采用时域、频域及相关函数分析了刺绣电极与凝胶电极采集的肌电信号拟合性能。结果表明:针迹类型对刺绣电极的皮肤-电极阻抗有显著影响,其中放射状刺绣电极的皮肤-电极阻抗相对最小,而圆环状刺绣电极的阻抗最大;4种不同针迹类型的刺绣电极与Ag/AgCl凝胶电极的表面肌电信号采集效果较为相似,验证了刺绣电极的可行性;放射状刺绣电极的表面肌电信号拟合性能较优,更适合用于肌电信号监测。

基于表面肌电信号对乒乓球运动员挥拍动作的特征研究

通过对乒乓球运动员进行采集上肢表面肌电信号数据的实验,分析其在进行挥拍动作时的肌肉活动特征。实验对象为30名具有一定乒乓球训练经验的运动员,分别进行正手挥拍、反手挥拍的实验任务。通过表面肌电信号采集设备记录运动员挥拍时肌肉的电活动信号,并对信号进行预处理和分析,提取出肌肉活动的特征参数。利用BP神经网络算法比较表面肌电信号时域特征、频域特征以及时频特征对挥拍动作的影响及识别预测。通过比较肌肉活动特征,探讨乒乓球运动员在不同动作中肌肉协调和活动强度的变化,实验中可正确模拟采集上肢挥拍规律,在运动员基础训练中具有应用价值。

基于表面肌电信号的上肢康复机器人变阻抗控制技术研究

我国老龄人群肢体障碍者很多,运动康复技术是康复治疗的有效手段。但医患比例严重失调难以使得人人都能享受到康复医疗服务。康复机器人通过阻抗控制技术能够与人体进行一定的安全交互,但现有康复机器人多采用定阻抗控制,环境适应能力弱,难以应用于临床。针对上述问题,提出一种变阻抗控制方法,以采集使用者的表面肌电信号为输入条件,通过改进随机森林算法训练识别使用者上肢的运动角度。并配合末端力传感器,获得使用者的运动意图,再通过变阻抗控制器完成康复运动。搭建了实验平台,并对轨迹跟踪和康复训练能力进行验证与评估。结果表明所设计的控制器能够控制机器人完成康复运动。