After calculation on the fracture angles under various conditions of specific surface energies with different symmetry operations of rotation, the complicated behavior of dependence of fractal dimension on the structu...After calculation on the fracture angles under various conditions of specific surface energies with different symmetry operations of rotation, the complicated behavior of dependence of fractal dimension on the structure of crystal is shown. It is found that the crack propagates along the weakest crystal plane no matter what the direction of the maximum stress is if the anisotropy is sufficiently strong; and then, the fractal dimension of the fractured surfaces might be determined by the approximate fractal structure already existed in the material. Specificity of the fractal dimension of fractured surfaces would be easy to appear in this case. Reversely, the crack propagates along the direction of the maximum stress no matter what direction of the weakest crystal plane is if the anisotropy is sufficiently weak. Universality of the fractal dimension of fractured surfaces would be possible to appear in this case. In many real materials, universality and specificity of the materials are associated. The fractal dimension measured may more or less be influenced by the structure of materials and it shows its universality through the specificity of materials.展开更多
Hybrid nanoSiO_(2) (HNS) modified cement pastes were explored as a kind of surface protection material (SPM).The carbonation resistance and mechanical properties of SPMs coated samples were tested.Thermogravimetric an...Hybrid nanoSiO_(2) (HNS) modified cement pastes were explored as a kind of surface protection material (SPM).The carbonation resistance and mechanical properties of SPMs coated samples were tested.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM),and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were further employed to evaluate the chemical composition and microstructure characteristics of SPM.Besides,thermodynamic modeling was adopted to simulate the changes in the phase assemblages of SPM under the carbonation process.The results showed that SPM with 1 wt% HNS could effectively enhance the carbonation resistance.The incorporation of HNS could densify the microstructure and refine the pore structure.Moreover,the thaumasite can be stable at ambient temperature with the addition of HNS,which is beneficial to maintain alkalinity under the carbonation process.展开更多
Changes of surface morphology following XeCI excimer laser irradiation were investigated for three engineering ceramic materials (Al2O3, Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite and Si3N4). Al2O3 and AI2O3-SiC nanocomposite samples ex...Changes of surface morphology following XeCI excimer laser irradiation were investigated for three engineering ceramic materials (Al2O3, Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite and Si3N4). Al2O3 and AI2O3-SiC nanocomposite samples exhibit a smooth rapid melt layer on the surface, and the formation of the metastabfe γ-Al2Oa was observed. A silicon-rich layer on the surface was formed after laser irradiation of Si3N4. The toughness K1c of the materials was measured by the indentation fracture method. After laser irradiation, the toughness of Al2O3, Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite and Si3N4 was improved to various degrees: Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite, 60% (max.); AI203, 40% (max.); Si3N4, 12% (max.).展开更多
We investigate the rotational dynamics of a low-density sphere on the free surface of a vertically vibrated granular material(VGM). The dynamical behavior of the sphere is influenced by the external energy input fro...We investigate the rotational dynamics of a low-density sphere on the free surface of a vertically vibrated granular material(VGM). The dynamical behavior of the sphere is influenced by the external energy input from an electromagnetic shaker which is proportional to ε,where ε is equal to the ratio between the square of the dimensionless acceleration Γ and the square of the vibration frequency f of the container. Empirical results reveal that as the VGM transits from local-to-global convection,an increase in ε generally corresponds to an increase in the magnitudes of the rotational ω(RS) and translational v(CM) velocities of the sphere, an increase in the observed tilting angle θ(bed) of the VGM bed, and a decrease in the time t(wall) it takes the sphere to roll down the tilted VGM bed and hit the container wall. During unstable convection, an increase in ε results in a sharp decrease in the sphere's peak and mean ω(RS),and a slight increase in t(wall).For the range of ε values covered in this study, the sphere may execute persistent rotation, wobbling or jamming, depending on the vibration parameters and the resulting convective flow in the system.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness and wetting properties of various dental prosthetic materials after different durations of non-thermal atmospheric plasma(NTAP)treatment.One hundred and sixty discs...This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness and wetting properties of various dental prosthetic materials after different durations of non-thermal atmospheric plasma(NTAP)treatment.One hundred and sixty discs of titanium(Ti)(n:40),cobalt chromium(Co-Cr)(n:40),yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals(Y-TZP)(n:40)and polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)(n:40)materials were machined and smoothed with silicon carbide papers.The surface roughness was evaluated in a control group and in groups with different plasma exposure times [1-3-5 s].The average surface roughness(Ra)and contact angle(CA)measurements were recorded via an atomic force microscope(AFM)and tensiometer,respectively.Surface changes were examined with a scanning electron microscope(SEM).Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and the Tukey HSD test α=0.05).According to the results,the NTAP surface treatment significantly affected the roughness and wettability properties(P 〈 0.05).SEM images reveal that more grooves were present in the NTAP groups.With an increase in the NTAP application time,an apparent increment was observed for Ra,except in the PMMA group,and a remarkable reduction in CA was observed in all groups.It is concluded that the NTAP technology could enhance the roughening and wetting performance of various dental materials.展开更多
The nanosecond(ns) pulsed nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) is employed to enhance the hydrophilicity of polypropylene(PP) surface and improve its application effect.The discharge characteristics of the ns pu...The nanosecond(ns) pulsed nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) is employed to enhance the hydrophilicity of polypropylene(PP) surface and improve its application effect.The discharge characteristics of the ns pulsed nitrogen DBD with different pulse rise times(from 50to 500 ns) are investigated by electrical and optical diagnostic methods and the discharge uniformity is quantitatively analyzed by image processing method.To characterize the surface hydrophilicity,the water contact angle(WCA) is measured,and the physical morphology and chemical composition of PP before and after modification are analyzed to explore the effect of plasma on PP surface.It is found that with increasing pulse rise time from 50 to 500 ns,DBD uniformity becomes worse,energy efficiency decreases from 20% to 10.8%,and electron density decrease from 6.6 × 10^(11)to 5.5 × 10^(11)cm^(-3).The tendency of electron temperature is characterized with the intensity ratio of N_(2)/N_(2)^(+)emission spectrum,which decreases from 17.4 to15.9 indicating the decreasing of T_(e) with increasing pulse rise time from 50 to 500 ns.The PP surface treated with 50 ns pulse rise time DBD has a lower WCA(~47°),while the WCA of PP treated with 100 to 500 ns pulse rise time DBD expands gradually(~50°–57°).According to the study of the fixed-point WCA values,the DBD-treated PP surface has superior uniformity under50 ns pulse rise time(3° variation) than under 300 ns pulse rise time(8° variation).After DBD treatment,the increased surface roughness from 2.0 to 9.8 nm and hydrophilic oxygencontaining groups on the surface,i.e.hydroxyl(-OH) and carbonyl(C=O) have played the significant role to improve the sample’s surface hydrophilicity.The short pulse voltage rise time enhances the reduced electric field strength(E/n) in the discharge space and improves the discharge uniformity,which makes relatively sufficient physical and chemical reactions have taken place on the PP surface,resulting in better treatment uniformity.展开更多
Direct exposure of samples to the active species of air generated by a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) has been used to etch and to increase the surface energy of metallic surfaces, photoresist, ...Direct exposure of samples to the active species of air generated by a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) has been used to etch and to increase the surface energy of metallic surfaces, photoresist, polymer films, and nonwoven fab- rics. The OAUGDP is a non-thermal plasma with the classical characteristics of a DC normal glow discharge that operates in air (and other gases) at atmospheric pres- sure. Neither a vacuum system nor batch processing is necessary. A wide range of applications to metals, photoresist, films, fabrics, and polymeric webs can be accom- modated by direct exposure of the workpiece to the plasma in parallel-plate reactors. This technolopy is simple, it produces effects that can be obtained in no other way at one atmosphere; it generates minimal pollutants or unwanted by-products; and it is suitable for individual sample or online treatment of metallic surfaces, wafers, films, and fabrics. Early exposures of solid materials to the OAUGDP required minutes to produce rela- tively small increases of surface energy. These durations appeared too long for com- mercial application to fast-moving webs. Recent improvements in OAUGDP gas com- position, power density, plasma quality, recireulating gas flow, and impedance match- ing of the power supply to the parallel plate plasma reactor have made it possible to raise the surface energy of a variety of polymeric webs (PP, PET PE etc.) to levels of 60 to 70 dynes/cm with one second of exposure. In air plasmas, the high surface ener- gies are not durable, and fall to 50 dynes/cm after periods of weeks to months. Here, we report the exposure of metallic surfaces, photoresist, polymeric films, and nonwo- ven fabrics made of PP and PET to an impedance matched parallel plate OAUGDP for durations ranging from one second to several tens of seconds. Data will be re- ported on the surface energy, wettability, wickability, and aging effect of polymeric films and fabrics as functions of time of exposure, and time after exposure; the rate and uniformity of photoresist etching; and the production of sub-micron structures by OAUGDP etching at one atmosphere.展开更多
The surface modification of nanometer carbon material has been studied by using an Induced Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma device (IDBD). The experimental results show that with different work gases and different ...The surface modification of nanometer carbon material has been studied by using an Induced Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma device (IDBD). The experimental results show that with different work gases and different discharge conditions, the surface behaviors of carbon black can be changed according to needs, including the use of different functional groups and the change of the surface roughness of carbon particles etc., which increased the grinding and dispersion abilities in binder.展开更多
This paper presents the surface temperature behavior of M42 high-speed tool steel samples during N+ implantation in an industrialized GLZ-100 metal-ion implantation machine. A detail study has been made on the paramet...This paper presents the surface temperature behavior of M42 high-speed tool steel samples during N+ implantation in an industrialized GLZ-100 metal-ion implantation machine. A detail study has been made on the parameters of N+ implantation. Optimized technical parameters have been presented. The microhardness of the sample surface implanted under these parameters has been increased by a factor of 2.3, and the wear-resistance has been improved by about 5.4 times. The research on the mechanism of surface modification of M42 steel by nitrogen ion implantation has also been made.展开更多
The tribological properties of newly developed friction material were evaluated by statistical analysis of the major affecting factors.The material for investigation was non-metallic friction material synergistically ...The tribological properties of newly developed friction material were evaluated by statistical analysis of the major affecting factors.The material for investigation was non-metallic friction material synergistically reinforced with aramid fibre and CaSO 4 whisker,which was developed for hoisting applications in coal mine.The response surface method(RSM)was employed to analyze the material performances affected by the independent and interactive effect of the factors under the normal working condition and severe working condition,respectively.Results showed that under the normal working condition,the newly developed material exhibited stable tribological properties which were insensitive to the test conditions.While under the severe working condition,the sliding velocity was the most dominant factor affecting the friction coefficient.Additionally,compared to the commercially available material,the modified material showed superior wear resistance and thermal stability.展开更多
The conditions of convertion from brittle removal mechanism to plastic removal mecha-nism are studied through analysis of ecramic microstructure and the relatiotship between the ma-terial renicval form and machining u...The conditions of convertion from brittle removal mechanism to plastic removal mecha-nism are studied through analysis of ecramic microstructure and the relatiotship between the ma-terial renicval form and machining unit. By the rabonal technology program worked out, theplane and cylindrical mirror-like surface machining is successfully achieved and its surfaceroughness Rais 0.01  ̄0.03 m after many times of expenmental study.展开更多
Ta/NiFe/Ta ultrathin films with and without nano-oxide layers (NOLs) were prepared by magnetron sputtering followed by a vacuum annealing process. The influence of NOLs on the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of ultra...Ta/NiFe/Ta ultrathin films with and without nano-oxide layers (NOLs) were prepared by magnetron sputtering followed by a vacuum annealing process. The influence of NOLs on the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of ultrathin permalloy films was studied. The results show that the influence of grain size and textures on the MR ratio becomes weak when the thickness of the NiFe layer is below 15 nm. A higher MR ratio was observed for the thinner (〈 15 nm) NiFe film with NOLs. The MR ratio of a 10 nm NiFe film can be remarkably enhanced by NOLs. The enhanced MR ratio for these ultrathin films can be attributed to the enhanced specular reflection of conduction electrons.展开更多
A series of high surface area graphitic carbon materials (HSGCs) were prepared by ball-milling method. Effect of the graphitic degree of HSGCs on the catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x (x is the ball-milling t...A series of high surface area graphitic carbon materials (HSGCs) were prepared by ball-milling method. Effect of the graphitic degree of HSGCs on the catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x (x is the ball-milling time in hour) catalysts was studied using ammonia synthesis as a probe reaction. The graphitic degree and pore structure of HSGC-x supports could be successfully tuned via the variation of ball-milling time. Ru nanoparticles of different Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalysts are homogeneously distributed on the supports with the particle sizes ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 nm. The graphitic degree of the support is closely related to its facile electron transfer capability and so plays an important role in improving the intrinsic catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalyst.展开更多
To increase the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate, sintered Ti(C,N)-based cermets were selected and deposited with monolayer TiN using a multiarc ion-plating technique; subsequently, hot isosta...To increase the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate, sintered Ti(C,N)-based cermets were selected and deposited with monolayer TiN using a multiarc ion-plating technique; subsequently, hot isostatic pressing (HIPhag) treatment was performed at 1000℃ using nitrogen pressure up to 110 MPa. The mechanical properties of cermets after a coating process and subsequent HIPing treatment have been evaluated with respect to the hardness, the residual stress, and the coating adhesion. The results show that atter the HIPing process, there was a higher increase ha critical load ha the TiN-coated cermets with lower surface roughness compared with those with higher surface roughness. In all cases, the residual stress was found to be compressive. The effects of substrate surface roughness and posttreatment on the adhesion strength of the coatings were thus investigated. It was also fotmd that the HIPing posttreatment process is well suited for hacreasing the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate.展开更多
Surface wave plasma(SWP) is a kind of low temperature plasma which can be utilized for material development.In this research,argon and oxygen were used as a working gas for an SWP experiment and the influence of the p...Surface wave plasma(SWP) is a kind of low temperature plasma which can be utilized for material development.In this research,argon and oxygen were used as a working gas for an SWP experiment and the influence of the plasma irradiation on a copper surface was examined.Particular,relation between the spatial characteristics of SWP and wetting characteristics was examined.As a result,it was found that spatial characteristics of the SWP affected the wetting characteristics and the oxidation characteristics.展开更多
The barrel lifes of three small caliber rifles were tested by using the propellant with nanomaterial and the standard propellant respectively. The test results show that the service life increases observably due to ad...The barrel lifes of three small caliber rifles were tested by using the propellant with nanomaterial and the standard propellant respectively. The test results show that the service life increases observably due to adding nanomaterial to the propellant. Then, the influence of the nanomaterial on the tube was researched by splitting the two barrels tested and detecting their inner surfaces. It was found that the erosion of the barrel bore is reduced observably by using the propellant with nanomaterial. And it makes the volume and the size of the gun chamber change less. Therefore, the barrel life can be prolonged by adding the nanomaterial in the propellant.展开更多
The corrosion behavior of tantalum and its nitrides in stirring NaOHsolutions was researched by potentiostatic method, cyclic voltammetry and XPS. The results showedthat the corrosion products were composed of Ta_2O_5...The corrosion behavior of tantalum and its nitrides in stirring NaOHsolutions was researched by potentiostatic method, cyclic voltammetry and XPS. The results showedthat the corrosion products were composed of Ta_2O_5 and NaTaO_3. The corrosion reaction formula oftantalum and its nitrides was written according to cyclic volt-ampere curves. The electric chargetransfer coefficient and the electric charge transfer number were calculated展开更多
Based on the phase equilibrium calculation of the Ti-Al-N ternary system, the interfacial reactions and the phase formation sequences between different types of joints, (Ti matrix)/(AlN particles), (Ti particles...Based on the phase equilibrium calculation of the Ti-Al-N ternary system, the interfacial reactions and the phase formation sequences between different types of joints, (Ti matrix)/(AlN particles), (Ti particles)/(AlN plate), and (Ti plate)/(AlN plate), were analyzed theoretically under the reported experimental conditions, Different phase formation sequences for the three kinds of Ti/AlN joints were obtained, It proved that the different phase sequences of both the phase formation sequences and the apparent spatial phase sequences are dominated by the relative amounts and the distribution of the two pairs in the diffusion couples, The theoretical prediction can explain the experimental observations well.展开更多
According to first principle simulations, we theoretically predict a type of stable single-layer graphene oxide(C_2O).Using density functional theory(DFT), C_2O is found to be a direct gap semiconductor. In additi...According to first principle simulations, we theoretically predict a type of stable single-layer graphene oxide(C_2O).Using density functional theory(DFT), C_2O is found to be a direct gap semiconductor. In addition, we obtain the absorption spectra of the periodic structure of C_2O, which show optical anisotropy. To study the optical properties of C_2O nanostructures, time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT) is used. The C_2O nanostructure has a strong absorption near 7 eV when the incident light polarizes along the armchair-edge. Besides, we find that the optical properties can be controlled by the edge configuration and the size of the C_2O nanostructure. With the elongation strain increasing, the range of light absorption becomes wider and there is a red shift of absorption spectrum.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China!59671093 National Natural Science Foundation of China !19874064
文摘After calculation on the fracture angles under various conditions of specific surface energies with different symmetry operations of rotation, the complicated behavior of dependence of fractal dimension on the structure of crystal is shown. It is found that the crack propagates along the weakest crystal plane no matter what the direction of the maximum stress is if the anisotropy is sufficiently strong; and then, the fractal dimension of the fractured surfaces might be determined by the approximate fractal structure already existed in the material. Specificity of the fractal dimension of fractured surfaces would be easy to appear in this case. Reversely, the crack propagates along the direction of the maximum stress no matter what direction of the weakest crystal plane is if the anisotropy is sufficiently weak. Universality of the fractal dimension of fractured surfaces would be possible to appear in this case. In many real materials, universality and specificity of the materials are associated. The fractal dimension measured may more or less be influenced by the structure of materials and it shows its universality through the specificity of materials.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51808188, 52178202, 52108206)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.B210201041)。
文摘Hybrid nanoSiO_(2) (HNS) modified cement pastes were explored as a kind of surface protection material (SPM).The carbonation resistance and mechanical properties of SPMs coated samples were tested.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM),and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were further employed to evaluate the chemical composition and microstructure characteristics of SPM.Besides,thermodynamic modeling was adopted to simulate the changes in the phase assemblages of SPM under the carbonation process.The results showed that SPM with 1 wt% HNS could effectively enhance the carbonation resistance.The incorporation of HNS could densify the microstructure and refine the pore structure.Moreover,the thaumasite can be stable at ambient temperature with the addition of HNS,which is beneficial to maintain alkalinity under the carbonation process.
文摘Changes of surface morphology following XeCI excimer laser irradiation were investigated for three engineering ceramic materials (Al2O3, Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite and Si3N4). Al2O3 and AI2O3-SiC nanocomposite samples exhibit a smooth rapid melt layer on the surface, and the formation of the metastabfe γ-Al2Oa was observed. A silicon-rich layer on the surface was formed after laser irradiation of Si3N4. The toughness K1c of the materials was measured by the indentation fracture method. After laser irradiation, the toughness of Al2O3, Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite and Si3N4 was improved to various degrees: Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite, 60% (max.); AI203, 40% (max.); Si3N4, 12% (max.).
基金Supported by the CHED-FDP II Program of the Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines
文摘We investigate the rotational dynamics of a low-density sphere on the free surface of a vertically vibrated granular material(VGM). The dynamical behavior of the sphere is influenced by the external energy input from an electromagnetic shaker which is proportional to ε,where ε is equal to the ratio between the square of the dimensionless acceleration Γ and the square of the vibration frequency f of the container. Empirical results reveal that as the VGM transits from local-to-global convection,an increase in ε generally corresponds to an increase in the magnitudes of the rotational ω(RS) and translational v(CM) velocities of the sphere, an increase in the observed tilting angle θ(bed) of the VGM bed, and a decrease in the time t(wall) it takes the sphere to roll down the tilted VGM bed and hit the container wall. During unstable convection, an increase in ε results in a sharp decrease in the sphere's peak and mean ω(RS),and a slight increase in t(wall).For the range of ε values covered in this study, the sphere may execute persistent rotation, wobbling or jamming, depending on the vibration parameters and the resulting convective flow in the system.
基金supported by the Department of Scientific Research,Eskisehir Osmangazi University,Turkey(No.201441045)
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness and wetting properties of various dental prosthetic materials after different durations of non-thermal atmospheric plasma(NTAP)treatment.One hundred and sixty discs of titanium(Ti)(n:40),cobalt chromium(Co-Cr)(n:40),yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals(Y-TZP)(n:40)and polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)(n:40)materials were machined and smoothed with silicon carbide papers.The surface roughness was evaluated in a control group and in groups with different plasma exposure times [1-3-5 s].The average surface roughness(Ra)and contact angle(CA)measurements were recorded via an atomic force microscope(AFM)and tensiometer,respectively.Surface changes were examined with a scanning electron microscope(SEM).Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and the Tukey HSD test α=0.05).According to the results,the NTAP surface treatment significantly affected the roughness and wettability properties(P 〈 0.05).SEM images reveal that more grooves were present in the NTAP groups.With an increase in the NTAP application time,an apparent increment was observed for Ra,except in the PMMA group,and a remarkable reduction in CA was observed in all groups.It is concluded that the NTAP technology could enhance the roughening and wetting performance of various dental materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52037004, 51777091 and52250410350)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No.KYCX22_1314)。
文摘The nanosecond(ns) pulsed nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) is employed to enhance the hydrophilicity of polypropylene(PP) surface and improve its application effect.The discharge characteristics of the ns pulsed nitrogen DBD with different pulse rise times(from 50to 500 ns) are investigated by electrical and optical diagnostic methods and the discharge uniformity is quantitatively analyzed by image processing method.To characterize the surface hydrophilicity,the water contact angle(WCA) is measured,and the physical morphology and chemical composition of PP before and after modification are analyzed to explore the effect of plasma on PP surface.It is found that with increasing pulse rise time from 50 to 500 ns,DBD uniformity becomes worse,energy efficiency decreases from 20% to 10.8%,and electron density decrease from 6.6 × 10^(11)to 5.5 × 10^(11)cm^(-3).The tendency of electron temperature is characterized with the intensity ratio of N_(2)/N_(2)^(+)emission spectrum,which decreases from 17.4 to15.9 indicating the decreasing of T_(e) with increasing pulse rise time from 50 to 500 ns.The PP surface treated with 50 ns pulse rise time DBD has a lower WCA(~47°),while the WCA of PP treated with 100 to 500 ns pulse rise time DBD expands gradually(~50°–57°).According to the study of the fixed-point WCA values,the DBD-treated PP surface has superior uniformity under50 ns pulse rise time(3° variation) than under 300 ns pulse rise time(8° variation).After DBD treatment,the increased surface roughness from 2.0 to 9.8 nm and hydrophilic oxygencontaining groups on the surface,i.e.hydroxyl(-OH) and carbonyl(C=O) have played the significant role to improve the sample’s surface hydrophilicity.The short pulse voltage rise time enhances the reduced electric field strength(E/n) in the discharge space and improves the discharge uniformity,which makes relatively sufficient physical and chemical reactions have taken place on the PP surface,resulting in better treatment uniformity.
文摘Direct exposure of samples to the active species of air generated by a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) has been used to etch and to increase the surface energy of metallic surfaces, photoresist, polymer films, and nonwoven fab- rics. The OAUGDP is a non-thermal plasma with the classical characteristics of a DC normal glow discharge that operates in air (and other gases) at atmospheric pres- sure. Neither a vacuum system nor batch processing is necessary. A wide range of applications to metals, photoresist, films, fabrics, and polymeric webs can be accom- modated by direct exposure of the workpiece to the plasma in parallel-plate reactors. This technolopy is simple, it produces effects that can be obtained in no other way at one atmosphere; it generates minimal pollutants or unwanted by-products; and it is suitable for individual sample or online treatment of metallic surfaces, wafers, films, and fabrics. Early exposures of solid materials to the OAUGDP required minutes to produce rela- tively small increases of surface energy. These durations appeared too long for com- mercial application to fast-moving webs. Recent improvements in OAUGDP gas com- position, power density, plasma quality, recireulating gas flow, and impedance match- ing of the power supply to the parallel plate plasma reactor have made it possible to raise the surface energy of a variety of polymeric webs (PP, PET PE etc.) to levels of 60 to 70 dynes/cm with one second of exposure. In air plasmas, the high surface ener- gies are not durable, and fall to 50 dynes/cm after periods of weeks to months. Here, we report the exposure of metallic surfaces, photoresist, polymeric films, and nonwo- ven fabrics made of PP and PET to an impedance matched parallel plate OAUGDP for durations ranging from one second to several tens of seconds. Data will be re- ported on the surface energy, wettability, wickability, and aging effect of polymeric films and fabrics as functions of time of exposure, and time after exposure; the rate and uniformity of photoresist etching; and the production of sub-micron structures by OAUGDP etching at one atmosphere.
文摘The surface modification of nanometer carbon material has been studied by using an Induced Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma device (IDBD). The experimental results show that with different work gases and different discharge conditions, the surface behaviors of carbon black can be changed according to needs, including the use of different functional groups and the change of the surface roughness of carbon particles etc., which increased the grinding and dispersion abilities in binder.
文摘This paper presents the surface temperature behavior of M42 high-speed tool steel samples during N+ implantation in an industrialized GLZ-100 metal-ion implantation machine. A detail study has been made on the parameters of N+ implantation. Optimized technical parameters have been presented. The microhardness of the sample surface implanted under these parameters has been increased by a factor of 2.3, and the wear-resistance has been improved by about 5.4 times. The research on the mechanism of surface modification of M42 steel by nitrogen ion implantation has also been made.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 50875253)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No. BK2008127)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(NO.107054)
文摘The tribological properties of newly developed friction material were evaluated by statistical analysis of the major affecting factors.The material for investigation was non-metallic friction material synergistically reinforced with aramid fibre and CaSO 4 whisker,which was developed for hoisting applications in coal mine.The response surface method(RSM)was employed to analyze the material performances affected by the independent and interactive effect of the factors under the normal working condition and severe working condition,respectively.Results showed that under the normal working condition,the newly developed material exhibited stable tribological properties which were insensitive to the test conditions.While under the severe working condition,the sliding velocity was the most dominant factor affecting the friction coefficient.Additionally,compared to the commercially available material,the modified material showed superior wear resistance and thermal stability.
文摘The conditions of convertion from brittle removal mechanism to plastic removal mecha-nism are studied through analysis of ecramic microstructure and the relatiotship between the ma-terial renicval form and machining unit. By the rabonal technology program worked out, theplane and cylindrical mirror-like surface machining is successfully achieved and its surfaceroughness Rais 0.01  ̄0.03 m after many times of expenmental study.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos.50671008,50871014,and 50831002)
文摘Ta/NiFe/Ta ultrathin films with and without nano-oxide layers (NOLs) were prepared by magnetron sputtering followed by a vacuum annealing process. The influence of NOLs on the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of ultrathin permalloy films was studied. The results show that the influence of grain size and textures on the MR ratio becomes weak when the thickness of the NiFe layer is below 15 nm. A higher MR ratio was observed for the thinner (〈 15 nm) NiFe film with NOLs. The MR ratio of a 10 nm NiFe film can be remarkably enhanced by NOLs. The enhanced MR ratio for these ultrathin films can be attributed to the enhanced specular reflection of conduction electrons.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No.20803064)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provence(Y4090348 and LY12B03007)Qianjiang Talent Project in Zhejiang Province(2010R10039 and 2013R10056)
文摘A series of high surface area graphitic carbon materials (HSGCs) were prepared by ball-milling method. Effect of the graphitic degree of HSGCs on the catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x (x is the ball-milling time in hour) catalysts was studied using ammonia synthesis as a probe reaction. The graphitic degree and pore structure of HSGC-x supports could be successfully tuned via the variation of ball-milling time. Ru nanoparticles of different Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalysts are homogeneously distributed on the supports with the particle sizes ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 nm. The graphitic degree of the support is closely related to its facile electron transfer capability and so plays an important role in improving the intrinsic catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalyst.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50074017).
文摘To increase the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate, sintered Ti(C,N)-based cermets were selected and deposited with monolayer TiN using a multiarc ion-plating technique; subsequently, hot isostatic pressing (HIPhag) treatment was performed at 1000℃ using nitrogen pressure up to 110 MPa. The mechanical properties of cermets after a coating process and subsequent HIPing treatment have been evaluated with respect to the hardness, the residual stress, and the coating adhesion. The results show that atter the HIPing process, there was a higher increase ha critical load ha the TiN-coated cermets with lower surface roughness compared with those with higher surface roughness. In all cases, the residual stress was found to be compressive. The effects of substrate surface roughness and posttreatment on the adhesion strength of the coatings were thus investigated. It was also fotmd that the HIPing posttreatment process is well suited for hacreasing the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate.
文摘Surface wave plasma(SWP) is a kind of low temperature plasma which can be utilized for material development.In this research,argon and oxygen were used as a working gas for an SWP experiment and the influence of the plasma irradiation on a copper surface was examined.Particular,relation between the spatial characteristics of SWP and wetting characteristics was examined.As a result,it was found that spatial characteristics of the SWP affected the wetting characteristics and the oxidation characteristics.
文摘The barrel lifes of three small caliber rifles were tested by using the propellant with nanomaterial and the standard propellant respectively. The test results show that the service life increases observably due to adding nanomaterial to the propellant. Then, the influence of the nanomaterial on the tube was researched by splitting the two barrels tested and detecting their inner surfaces. It was found that the erosion of the barrel bore is reduced observably by using the propellant with nanomaterial. And it makes the volume and the size of the gun chamber change less. Therefore, the barrel life can be prolonged by adding the nanomaterial in the propellant.
文摘The corrosion behavior of tantalum and its nitrides in stirring NaOHsolutions was researched by potentiostatic method, cyclic voltammetry and XPS. The results showedthat the corrosion products were composed of Ta_2O_5 and NaTaO_3. The corrosion reaction formula oftantalum and its nitrides was written according to cyclic volt-ampere curves. The electric chargetransfer coefficient and the electric charge transfer number were calculated
基金The authors would like to express their appreciation to the Royal Institute of Technology Sweden for supplying the Thermo-Calc software.This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50731002 and 50671009)the Doctorate Program of the Ministry of Education of China (No.20060008015).
文摘Based on the phase equilibrium calculation of the Ti-Al-N ternary system, the interfacial reactions and the phase formation sequences between different types of joints, (Ti matrix)/(AlN particles), (Ti particles)/(AlN plate), and (Ti plate)/(AlN plate), were analyzed theoretically under the reported experimental conditions, Different phase formation sequences for the three kinds of Ti/AlN joints were obtained, It proved that the different phase sequences of both the phase formation sequences and the apparent spatial phase sequences are dominated by the relative amounts and the distribution of the two pairs in the diffusion couples, The theoretical prediction can explain the experimental observations well.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0303600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474207 and 11374217)
文摘According to first principle simulations, we theoretically predict a type of stable single-layer graphene oxide(C_2O).Using density functional theory(DFT), C_2O is found to be a direct gap semiconductor. In addition, we obtain the absorption spectra of the periodic structure of C_2O, which show optical anisotropy. To study the optical properties of C_2O nanostructures, time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT) is used. The C_2O nanostructure has a strong absorption near 7 eV when the incident light polarizes along the armchair-edge. Besides, we find that the optical properties can be controlled by the edge configuration and the size of the C_2O nanostructure. With the elongation strain increasing, the range of light absorption becomes wider and there is a red shift of absorption spectrum.