A Surface Mesh Movement Algorithm for Aerodynamic Optimization of the Nacelle Position on Wing-Body-Nacelle-Pylon Configuration

A surface mesh movement algorithm,combining surface mesh mapping with Delaunay graph mapping,is proposed for surface mesh movement involving complex intersections,like wing/pylon intersections.First,surface mesh mapping is adopted for the movement of intersecting lines along the spanwise direction and the wing surface mesh,and then Delaunay graph mapping is utilized for the deformation of the pylon surface mesh,guaranteeing consistent and smooth surface meshes.Furthermore,the corresponding surface sensitivity procedure is implemented for accurate and efficient calculation of the surface sensitivities.The proposed surface mesh movement algorithm and the surface sensitivity procedure are integrated into a discrete adjoint-based optimization framework to optimize the nacelle position on the DLR-F6 wing-body-nacelle-pylon configuration for drag minimization.The results demonstrate that the strong shock on the initial pylon surface is nearly eliminated and the optimal nacelle position can be obtained within less than ten iterations.

Hybrid Surface Mesh Adaptation for Climate Modeling

Solution-driven mesh adaptation is becoming quite popular for spatial error control in the numerical simulation of complex computational physics applications,such as climate modeling.Typically,spatial adaptation is achieved by element subdivision (h adaptation) with a primary goal of resolving the local length scales of interest.A sec- ond,less-popular method of spatial adaptivity is called'mesh motion'(r adaptation); the smooth repositioning of mesh node points aimed at resizing existing elements to capture the local length scales.This paper proposes an adaptation method based on a combination of both element subdivision and node point repositioning (rh adaptation). By combining these two methods using the notion of a mobility function,the proposed approach seeks to increase the flexibility and extensibility of mesh motion algorithms while providing a somewhat smoother transition between refined regions than is pro- duced by element subdivision alone.Further,in an attempt to support the requirements of a very general class of climate simulation applications,the proposed method is de- signed to accommodate unstructured,polygonal mesh topologies in addition to the most popular mesh types.

Characterization of a human brain cortical surface mesh using discrete curvature classification and digital elevation model

In this paper we present a novel approach for brain surfacec characterization based on convexity and concavity analysis of cortical surface mesh. Initially, volumetric Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) data is processed to generate a discrete representation of cortical surface using low-level segmentation tools and Level-Sets method. Afterward, pipeline procedure for brain characterization/labeling is developed. The first characterization method is based on discrete curvature classification. This is consists on estimating curvature information at each vertex in the cortical surface mesh. The second method is based on transforming the brain surface mesh into Digital Elevation Model (DEM), where each vertex is designed by its space coordinates and geometric measures related to a reference surface. In other word, it consists on analyzing the cortical surface as a topological map or an elevation map where the ridge or crest lines represent cortical gyri and valley lines represents sulci. The experimental results have shown the importance of these characterization methods for the detection of significant details related to the cortical surface.

Automatic Extraction Method of 3D Feature Guidelines for Complex Cultural Relic Surfaces Based on Point Cloud

Cultural relics line graphic serves as a crucial form of traditional artifact information documentation,which is a simple and intuitive product with low cost of displaying compared with 3D models.Dimensionality reduction is undoubtedly necessary for line drawings.However,most existing methods for artifact drawing rely on the principles of orthographic projection that always cannot avoid angle occlusion and data overlapping while the surface of cultural relics is complex.Therefore,conformal mapping was introduced as a dimensionality reduction way to compensate for the limitation of orthographic projection.Based on the given criteria for assessing surface complexity,this paper proposed a three-dimensional feature guideline extraction method for complex cultural relic surfaces.A 2D and 3D combined factor that measured the importance of points on describing surface features,vertex weight,was designed.Then the selection threshold for feature guideline extraction was determined based on the differences between vertex weight and shape index distributions.The feasibility and stability were verified through experiments conducted on real cultural relic surface data.Results demonstrated the ability of the method to address the challenges associated with the automatic generation of line drawings for complex surfaces.The extraction method and the obtained results will be useful for line graphic drawing,displaying and propaganda of cultural relics.

ISpliter:an intelligent and automatic surface mesh generator using neural networks and splitting lines

In this paper,we present a novel surface mesh generation approach that splits B-rep geometry models into isotropic triangular meshes based on neural networks and splitting lines.In the first stage,a recursive method is designed to generate plentiful data to train the neural network model offline.In the second stage,the implemented mesh generator,ISpliter,maps each surface patch into the parameter plane,and then the trained neural network model is applied to select the optimal splitting line to divide the patch into subdomains continuously until they are all triangles.In the third stage,ISpliter remaps the 2D mesh back to the physical space and further optimizes it.Several typical cases are evaluated to compare the mesh quality generated by ISpliter and two baselines,Gmsh and NNW-GridStar.The results show that ISpliter can generate isotropic triangular meshes with high average quality,and the generated meshes are comparable to those generated by the other two software under the same configuration.

A New Method for Efficient Generation of High Quality Triangular Surface Meshes

A novel method for the generation of unstructured triangular surface meshes is presented.The method is based on remeshing techniques including edge splitting/contraction and edge swapping.Normalized edge lengths,based on a metric derived from curvature or from a user–specified spacing,are employed as the remeshing criterion.It is assumed that the geometry is input in the form of composite parametric surfaces,with Ferguson or Nurbs type multiple patch representation.Examples involving typical aircraft geometries and a ship model,are included to demonstrate how high quality meshes can be efficiently generated on surfaces with a high degree of geometric complexity.

Generation of triangle mesh surface from the disparity map for telerobotic welding

3D reconstruction of environment and weld workpiece can provide geometrical model for telerobotic welding and improve its intelligence. A novel framework of spacetime stereo is employed to overcome the lack of texture of the weld workpiece and obtain subpixel disparity map of the scene. Anisotropic diffusion is adopted to smooth the original subpixel disparity map in order to reduce the noise while preserving the depth discontinuity. A simple algorithm of generation triangle mesh surface from the disparity map of the spucetime stereo is presented. The experimental results of real weld scenes are shown.

Dynamic analysis of new type elastic screen surface with multi degree of freedom and experimental validation

A feasible method was proposed to improve the vibration intensity of screen surface via application of a new type elastic screen surface with multi degree of freedom(NTESSMDF). In the NTESSMDF, the primary robs were coupled to the main screen structure with ends embedded into the elastomers, and the secondary robs were attached to adjacent two primary robs with elastic bands. The dynamic model of vibrating screen with NTESSMDF was established based on Lagrange's equation and the equivalent stiffnesses of the elastomer and elastic band were calculated. According to numerical simulation using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method, the vibration intensity of screen surface can be enhanced substantially with an averaged acceleration amplitude increasing ratio of 72.36%. The primary robs and secondary robs vibrate inversely in steady state, which would result in the friability of materials and avoid stoppage. The experimental results validate the dynamic characteristics with acceleration amplitude rising by62.93% on average, which demonstrates the feasibility of NTESSMDF.

Exact mesh shape design of large cable-network antenna reflectors with flexible ring truss supports

An exact-designed mesh shape with favorable surface accuracy is of practical significance to the performance of large cable-network antenna reflectors. In this study, a novel design approach that could guide the generation of exact spatial parabolic mesh configurations of such reflector was proposed. By incorporating the traditional force density method with the standard finite element method, this proposed approach had taken the deformation effects of flexible ring truss supports into consideration, and searched for the desired mesh shapes that can satisfy the requirement that all the free nodes are exactly located on the objective paraboloid. Compared with the conventional design method,a remarkable improvement of surface accuracy in the obtained mesh shapes had been demonstrated by numerical examples. The present work would provide a helpful technical reference for the mesh shape design of such cable-network antenna reflector in engineering practice.

Determining the Optimal Parameters of an Advanced Linter Machine

In this article, research was conducted to improve Linter machines that remove short fibers remaining in ginned cotton seeds at cotton ginneries. The study examined the effect of changing the dimensions of the brush drum, guide and mesh surface in the cleaning device proposed for the linting machine on the movement of the peg and the cleaning efficiency, and the highest level of efficiency in separating impurities from the peg was determined. During the study, the main factors influencing the effective operation of the improved linting machine were identified, the limits of their values were determined, and studies were carried out using the mathematical modeling method. As a result, at the values of the given coefficients, efficient operation of the improved linting machine was observed, that is, the lint cleaning efficiency reached 55.1%.

Fully Nonlinear Simulation for Fluid/Structure Impact：A Review

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method （BEM）. Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes （1） vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion, （2） liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body, （3） similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional （2D）, axisymmetric and three dimensional （3D） cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.

Numerical Evaluation of Longitudinal Motions of Wigley Hulls Advancing in Waves by Using Bessho Form Translating-Pulsating Source Green's Function

In the framework of 3D potential flow theory, Bessho form translating-pulsating source Green's function in frequency domain is chosen as the integral kernel in this study and hybrid source-and-dipole distribution model of the boundary element method is applied to directly solve the velocity potential for advancing ship in regular waves. Numerical characteristics of the Green function show that the contribution of local-flow components to velocity potential is concentrated at the nearby source point area and the wave component dominates the magnitude of velocity potential in the far field. Two kinds of mathematical models, with or without local-flow components taken into account, are adopted to numerically calculate the longitudinal motions of Wigley hulls, which demonstrates the applicability of translating-pulsating source Green's function method for various ship forms. In addition, the mesh analysis of discrete surface is carried out from the perspective of ship-form characteristics. The study shows that the longitudinal motion results by the simplified model are somewhat greater than the experimental data in the resonant zone, and the model can be used as an effective tool to predict ship seakeeping properties. However, translating-pulsating source Green function method is only appropriate for the qualitative analysis of motion response in waves if the ship geometrical shape fails to satisfy the slender-body assumption.

Combined Size and Shape Optimization of Structures with DOE,RSM and GA

In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization and modification of complexity structure without going back to CAD for reconstruction of geometric models or to finite element analysis（ FEA） for remodeling. Design of experiments（ DOE） and response surface method（ RSM） are applied to approximate the constitutive parameters of a machine gun system based on experimental tests. Further FEA,secondary development technique and genetic algorithm（ GA） are introduced to find all the optimal solutions in one go and the optimal design of the demonstrated machine gun system is obtained. Results of the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis and exterior ballistics calculation validate the proposed methodology,which is relatively time-saving,reliable and has the potential to solve similar problems.

Surface remeshing with robust user-guided segmentation

Surface remeshing is widely required in modeling, animation, simulation, and many other computer graphics applications. Improving the elements' quality is a challenging task in surface remeshing. Existing methods often fail to efficiently remove poor-quality elements especially in regions with sharp features. In this paper, we propose and use a robust segmentation method followed by remeshing the segmented mesh. Mesh segmentation is initiated using an existing Live-wire interaction approach and is further refined using local mesh operations. The refined segmented mesh is finally sent to the remeshing pipeline, in which each mesh segment is remeshed independently. An experimental study compares our mesh segmentation method as well as remeshing results with representative existing methods. We demonstrate that the proposed segmentation method is robust and suitable for remeshing.

An efficient algorithm for approximate Voronoi diagram construction on triangulated surfaces

Voronoi diagrams on triangulated surfaces based on the geodesic metric play a key role in many applications of computer graphics.Previous methods of constructing such Voronoi diagrams generally depended on having an exact geodesic metric.However,exact geodesic computation is time-consuming and has high memory usage,limiting wider application of geodesic Voronoi diagrams(GVDs).In order to overcome this issue,instead of using exact methods,we reformulate a graph method based on Steiner point insertion,as an effective way to obtain geodesic distances.Further,since a bisector comprises hyperbolic and line segments,we utilize Apollonius diagrams to encode complicated structures,enabling Voronoi diagrams to encode a medial-axis surface for a dense set of boundary samples.Based on these strategies,we present an approximation algorithm for efficient Voronoi diagram construction on triangulated surfaces.We also suggest a measure for evaluating similarity of our results to the exact GVD.Although our GVD results are constructed using approximate geodesic distances,we can get GVD results similar to exact results by inserting Steiner points on triangle edges.Experimental results on many 3D models indicate the improved speed and memory requirements compared to previous leading methods.

Methods for Increasing the Efficiency of Cleaning the Transfer Device

The article improves the quality of raw cotton by creating a new transfer device structure for the transportation of cotton in long-distance riots, located in the main building of the ginnery. Both foreign and domestic separator cleaners have been studied. Experiments were carried out on prototype transfer device and the results were obtained. The cleaning efficiency was determined by sampling the cotton entering the separator in the moving device and exiting after the inclined vibrating mesh surface installed after the separator.

Methods for Reducing Seed Damage in the Technological Process of Cotton Processing

The article describes the transfer of cotton to the next technological process while preserving its natural properties during the initial processing process. The analysis of methods of reducing impact forces when removing displaced stones with cotton is analyzed. For this, it is based on the primary processing of cotton.

Spherical Parameterization of Marching Cubes IsoSurfaces Based upon Nearest Neighbor Coordinates

We present some new methods for parameterizing the triangle mesh surface （TMS） which result from the Marching Cubes （MC） algorithm. The methods apply to surfaces of genus zero and the parameter domain is a unit sphere. We take advantage of some special properties of the TMS resulting from the MC algorithm to obtain simple, computational efficient representations of the nearest neighbor coordinates and utilize these coordinates in the characterization of the parameterization by means of systems of equations which are solved iteratively. Examples and comparisons are presented.

Surface reconstruction from unorganized point clouds based on edge growing

Owing to unorganized point cloud data,unexpected triangles,such as holes and slits,may be generated during mesh surface reconstruction.To solve this problem,a mesh surface reconstruction method based on edge growing from unorganized point clouds is proposed.The method first constructs an octree structure for unorganized point cloud data,and determines the k-nearest neighbor for each point.Subsequently,the method searches for flat areas in the point clouds to be used as the initial mesh edge growth regions,to avoid incorrect reconstruction of the mesh surface owing to the growth of initial sharp areas.Finally,the optimal mesh surface is obtained by controlling the mesh edge growing based on compulsive restriction and comprehensive optimization criteria.The experimental results of mesh surface reconstruction show that the method is feasible and shows high reconstruction performance without introducing holes or slits in the reconstructed mesh surface.

Adaptive Finite Element Modeling Techniques for the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation

We consider the design of an effective and reliable adaptive finite element method(AFEM)for the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation(PBE).We first examine the two-term regularization technique for the continuous problem recently proposed by Chen,Holst and Xu based on the removal of the singular electrostatic potential inside biomolecules;this technique made possible the development of the first complete solution and approximation theory for the Poisson-Boltzmann equation,the first provably convergent discretization and also allowed for the development of a provably convergent AFEM.However,in practical implementation,this two-term regularization exhibits numerical instability.Therefore,we examine a variation of this regularization technique which can be shown to be less susceptible to such instability.We establish a priori estimates and other basic results for the continuous regularized problem,as well as for Galerkin finite element approximations.We show that the new approach produces regularized continuous and discrete problemswith the samemathematical advantages of the original regularization.We then design an AFEM scheme for the new regularized problem and show that the resulting AFEM scheme is accurate and reliable,by proving a contraction result for the error.This result,which is one of the first results of this type for nonlinear elliptic problems,is based on using continuous and discrete a priori L¥estimates.To provide a high-quality geometric model as input to the AFEM algorithm,we also describe a class of feature-preserving adaptive mesh generation algorithms designed specifically for constructing meshes of biomolecular structures,based on the intrinsic local structure tensor of the molecular surface.All of the algorithms described in the article are implemented in the Finite Element Toolkit(FETK),developed and maintained at UCSD.The stability advantages of the new regularization scheme are demonstrated with FETK through comparisons with the original regularization approach for a model problem.The convergence and accuracy of the overall AFEMalgorithmis also illustrated by numerical approximation of electrostatic solvation energy for an insulin protein.