Investigation on Surface Plasmon Polaritons and Localized Surface Plasmon Production Mechanism in Micro-Nano Structures

The simulation mechanism of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)and localized surface plasmon(LSP)in different structures was studied,including the Au reflection grating(Au grating),Au substrate with dielectric ribbons grating(Au substrate grating),and pure electric conductor(PEC)substrate with Au ribbons grating(Au ribbons grating).And the characteristics of the Smith-Purcell radiation in these structures were presented.Simulation results show that SPPs are excited on the bottom surface of Au substrate grating grooves and LSP is stimulated on the upper surface both of Au ribbons grating grooves and Au grating grooves.Owing to the irreconcilable contradiction between optimizing the grating diffraction radiation efficiency and optimizing the SPPs excitation efficiency in the Au substrate grating,only 40-times enhancement of the radiation intensity was obtained by excited SPPs.However,the LSP enhanced structure overcomes the above problem and gains much better radiation enhancement ability,with about 200-times enhancement obtained in the Au ribbons grating and more than 500-times enhancement obtained in the Au grating.The results presented here provide a way of developing miniature,integratable,tunable,high-power-density radiation sources from visible light to ultraviolet rays at room temperature.

Numerical investigation of the enhanced unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons generator

A unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) generator with greatly enhanced generation efficiency is proposed. The SPPs generator consists of an asymmetric single nanoslit coated with a polyviny alcohol(PVA) film and a silver rectangle block. The generation efficiency of this SPPs generator is investigated using the finite difference time domain method. Due to the presence of the silver rectangle block, the SPPs generation efficiency of the asymmetric single nanoslit with PVA film can be greatly enhanced and the corresponding wavelength with the maximum enhancement factor can be tuned flexibly. The influence of the structural parameters on the generation efficiency is also investigated for the enhanced unidirectional SPPs generator.

Analysis of waveguide structure for surface plasmon polariton interference

This paper describes a multi-reflected mode based on a narrow waveguide to enlarge the interferential area of surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs）. A reasonable thickness of metal film is coated under the waveguide, the incident angle and the waveguide thickness are optimized in order to effectively increase interferential area. This is a key point for research into the Coos Hǎnchen shift to optimize the waveguide thickness. Finally, the SPP interferential field is simulated with the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） technique to prove the optimized results, and indicates that not only is the interferential area enlarged, but the high contrast is also maintained. Furthermore, the mode can fabricate some specific interferential patterns by adding some modulating techniques to the waveguide. So the mode has potential application in the fabrication of sub-wavelength patterns.

Surface plasmon polaritons frequency-blue shift in low confinement factor excitation region

Surface plasmon polaritons'(SPPs')frequency blue shift is observed in finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)simulation of parallel electron excitation Au bulk structure.Comparing with cold dispersion of SPPs,an obvious frequency blue shift is obtained in low confinement region excitation simulation results.Then,according to SPPs'transverse attenuation characteristics,the excited frequency mode instead of cold dispersion corresponding frequency mode matches it.Thence,this excited mode is confirmed to be SPPs'mode.As is well known the lower the frequency,the smaller the confinement factor is and the lower the excitation efficiency,the wider the bandwidth of excited SPPs is.And considering the attenuation in whole structure,the excited surface field contains attenuation signal.In a low confinement factor region,the higher the SPPs'frequency,the higher the excitation efficiency is,while broadband frequency information obtained in attenuation signal provides high frequency information in stimulation signal.Thence,in the beam-wave interaction,as the signal oscillation time increases,the frequency of the oscillation field gradually increases.Thus,compared with cold dispersion,the frequency of excited SPP is blueshifted This hypothesis is verified by monitoring the time domain signal of excited field in low and high confinement factor regions and comparing them.Then,this frequency-blue shift is confirmed to have commonality of SPPs,which is independent of SPPs'material and structure.Finally,this frequency-blue shift is confirmed in an attenuated total reflection(ATR)experiment.Owing to frequency dependence of most of SPPs'devices,such as coherent enhancement radiation and enhancement transmission devices,the frequency-blue shift presented here is of great influence in the SPPs applications.

Contribution of surface plasmon polaritons to extraordinary optical transmission through metallic nanoslit

A single metallic nanoslit is employed for investigating the contribution of Surface Plasmon Polaritons(SPPs) to Extraordinary Optical Transmission(EOT) based on rigorous electromagnetic theory and the Spectrum Analysis Method(SAM). Numerical results shows that the SPP is the main factor responsible for the EOT, and a phase singularity is observed.

The theoretic analysis of maskless surface plasmon resonant interference lithography by prism coupling

The use of an attenuated total reflection-coupling mode of prism coated with metal film to excite the interference of the surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） was proposed for periodic patterning with a resolution of subwavelength scale. High intensity of electric field can be obtained because of the coupling between SPPs and evanescence under a resonance condition, which can reduce exposure time and improve contrast. In this paper, several critical parameters for maskless surface plasmon resonant lithography are described, and the preliminary simulation based on a finite difference timedomain technique agrees well with the theoretical analysis, which demonstrates this scheme and provides the theoretical basis for further experiments.

The determination of the thickness and the optical dispersion property of gold film using spectroscopy of a surface plasmon in the frequency domain

We propose to use wavelength modulation approach,i.e.,the spectroscopy of a surface plasmon in the frequency domain,to characterize the optical dispersion property of gold film.Using this method,we determine the dispersion relationship of gold film in a wavelength range from 537.12 nm to 905.52 nm,and our results accord well with the reported results by other authors.This method is particularly suited for studying the optical dispersion properties of thin metal films,because a series of dielectric constants over a wide spectral range can be determined simultaneously via only a single scan of the incident angle,thereby avoiding the repeated measurements required when using the angular modulation approach.

Giant Goos–Hnchen shifts of waveguide coupled long-range surface plasmon resonance mode

A hybrid structure based on a planar waveguide （PWG） mode coupling a long-range surface plasmon resonance （LRSPR） mode is proposed to enhance the GH shift. Both the PWG mode and LRSPR mode can be in strong resonance, and these two modes can be coupled together due to the normal-mode splitting. The largest GH shift of PWG-coupled LRSPR structure is 4156 times that of the incident beam, which is 23 times and 3.6 times that of the surface plasmon resonance （SPR） structure and the LRSPR structure, respectively. As a GH shift sensor, the highest sensitivity of 4.68 x 107 λ is realized in the coupled structure. Compared with the sensitivity of the traditional SPR structure, the sensitivity of our structure is increased by more than 2 orders, which theoretically indicates that the proposed configuration can be applied to the field of high-sensitivity sensors in the future.

Decoupling co-existing surface plasmon polariton （SPP） modes in a nanowire plasmonic waveguide for quantitative mode analysis

Knowledge of surface plasmon polariton （SPP） modes in one-dimensional （1D） metallic nanostructures is essential for the development of subwavelength optical devices such as photonic circuits, integrated light sources, and photo- detectors. Despite many efforts to characterize the propagation parameters of these subwavelength 1D plasmonic waveguides, such as Ag nanowires, large discrepancies exist among available reports owing to their sensitivity to the relative weights of co-existing SPP modes and the lack of a method of decoupling these modes and analyzing them separately. In this work, we develop an interference method to distinguish different SPP modes that are simultaneously excited in a Ag nanowire waveguide and measure their propagation parameters separately. By extracting information from the propagation-distance- dependent intensity oscillations of the scattered light from the nanowire tip, the effective refractive indices, propagation lengths, and relative mode weights of co-existing SPP modes supported by the nanowire are derived from a mode interference model. These parameters depend strongly on the nanowire diameter and excitation wavelength. In particular, we demonstrate the possibility of selective excitation of different SPP modes by varying the nanowire diameter. This new mode analysis technique provides unique insights into the develop- ment and optimization of SPP-based applications.

基于范德华材料的偏振探测器及性能增强方法(特邀)

随着高分辨率成像、信息通信、量子计算等先进技术对光电探测精度和效率的需求日益增长,偏振光探测作为光电技术的一个重要分支,正面临着前所未有的挑战和机遇。本文全面综述了基于范德华二维材料的偏振光电探测技术的最新进展,尤其聚焦于通过表面等离激元、铁电场调控以及转角材料等三种先进策略来显著提高偏振探测性能的创新方法。表面等离激元技术通过局域和传播等离激元共振增强光与材料的相互作用,显著提升了偏振探测的灵敏度和选择性。铁电场调控利用铁电材料的自发极化和局域电场,有效调节探测器件的载流子浓度和光电性能,为实现高效率和低能耗偏振探测提供了新的途径。转角材料通过调整双层二维材料之间的相对角度,引入电子结构和光学性质的可调控性,开辟了偏振探测新领域。最后展望了这些策略在未来偏振光电探测技术发展中的应用前景,强调了材料科学和微纳加工技术的综合应用将为实现高性能偏振探测器件提供强大的支持。

MIM结构中腔的物理性质对SPP传播的分析（英文）

为了研究MIM结构中腔的物理性质对SPP传播的影响,采用了对波导模式、谐振和反射系数以及相位分析的理论方法,讨论了腔长和厚度对SPP传播的相关参数的影响,仿真了MIM波导中电动势、腔长和反射系数等参数在结构中作用。结果表明,SPP传播产生的电动势能达到相对较大的1V,激发产生的能场会有放大的作用;腔的有效功率变化与腔长变化一致,不同的腔厚度中腔长对SPP传播的结果趋势相同;近场中传播系数存在一个最大值。这一问题的分析与讨论对非线性THz光谱研究、纳米级光电探测、SPP模式的发生器、强局域场都具有一定的意义。

基于表面等离激元共振具有高消光比的光子晶体光纤偏振滤波器

本文提出一种新型光子晶体光纤偏振滤波器,利用有限元方法对其偏振滤波特性进行了模拟分析.该滤波器使用一矩形镀金空气孔取代常用的圆形空气孔,模拟结果证明这种结构可以改变纤心中传输的两个正交偏振模式在金属表面所激发的表面等离激元共振波长之间的间隔及耦合效率,从而在一个偏振模式的约束损耗可忽略不计的情况下,另外一个偏振模式具有较大的约束损耗,实现偏振滤波.该设计思想不仅适应于本文的光子晶体光纤偏振滤波器,也可应用于其它光纤结构.

基于悬链孔超表面的偏振检测器件

传统的光学器件因体积笨重,仅对线偏振光或圆偏振光敏感等缺点,无法满足现代光学集成化的要求。基于表面等离子体激元(surface plasmon polaritons,SPPs)设计了一种由悬链孔组成的通用型偏振分析仪,推导了SPPs传播的理论,并采用时域有限差分法计算了单元悬链孔的电场模式和器件中心电场强度的分布。结果表明,当分别入射不同偏振态的光源时,悬链孔具有多种电场模式,器件中心明显差异化的电场分布可以有效地区分线偏振光、圆偏振光和矢量偏振光(径向偏振光和角向偏振光)的偏振态,该结果有助于悬链线多功能器件的研究与开发。

基于圆形腔的表面等离子体带阻滤波器研究

为研究弯曲波导结构的双边耦合效应对耦合强度的影响,提出一个弯曲波导耦合内嵌十字银条的圆形空腔带阻滤波器,采用有限元法对滤波器结构进行仿真分析。与现有直波导耦合内嵌十字银条的圆形空腔结构对比,弯曲波导结构具有更好的滤波性能,例如最小透射率降低10.44%;改变银条尺寸时模式2阻带透射率值降低近60%。进一步研究表明,通过调整内嵌银条尺寸及相对角度能够实现共振波长调谐、单频带与双频带的切换以及对半峰带宽等的控制,最小半峰带宽分别为11.0152 nm和9.9869 nm。并且对于介质折射率的变化(变化范围为1~1.12),该结构折射率灵敏度保持恒定。所提出的滤波器结构具有良好的频选及窄带带阻滤波特性,在窄带滤波和波分复用等系统中具有重要应用价值。

凹槽导体上的表面等离激元SPPs传输特性研究

紫外段的光波从空气里入射到导体上,除部分光被反射,导体同时也对光波进行了宽带吸收而产生溅射的表面等离激元SPPs,SPPs在导体表面产生了亚波长约束可形成强电场,其有超衍射、敏感传播面上的细微变化、磁响应增强等特色性能.文章采用Maxwell电磁场方程组,对紫外段光波在导体传播面上产生的等离激元SPPs机制、刻有一维周期凹槽导体上的微波段SPPs传输色散特性,进行了推导、计算,仿真出三维凹槽同轴波导的场分布,得出了在符合波矢匹配条件下,可把微波段的导行电磁波,通过波导的亚波长周期凹槽转化成SPPs传输.

SAE1与SAE2蛋白相互作用肽抑制剂的多种体外筛选体系的构建与评价

目的·构建用于发现小泛素样修饰蛋白(small ubiquitin-like modifier,SUMO)的活化酶亚基1(SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1,SAE1)与亚基2(SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2,SAE2)相互作用的肽抑制剂的多种体外筛选体系,并对不同筛选体系的优势与不足进行评价。方法·将编码SAE1和SAE2的目的基因分别插入pET-28a载体以构造原核蛋白表达质粒,在大肠埃希菌中表达并纯化人源SAE1和SAE2蛋白;利用纯化的蛋白先后构建等温滴定量热检测(isothermal titration calorimetry,ITC)实验、荧光偏振(fluorescence polarization,FP)实验、表面等离子共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)实验和基于SAE酶活的荧光实验等多种筛选体系。尝试利用不同的筛选体系检测候选多肽的抑制活性,基于检测结果,从灵敏度、稳定性、检测通量和检测成本等维度评价各筛选体系的优缺点与适用性。结果·经ITC测得SAE1和SAE2蛋白在体外相互作用的解离常数(K_(d))为0.96μmol/L,并将活性最好的多肽PEPT7改造为FP实验的示踪剂(tracer),但同SAE2的亲和力无法满足FP的要求;SPR测得SAE1和SAE2相互作用的K_(d)值为1.13μmol/L,与ITC数据接近;基于SAE酶活的荧光实验筛选得到抑制活性最强的多肽HP1B[半数抑制浓度(half-maximalinh ibitory concentration,IC_(50))达15.72μmol/L],SPR进一步确定其同SAE1的亲和力为34.4μmol/L。结论·尝试构建并比较了多种常见的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)抑制剂的筛选体系。其中,ITC的检测通量低,且难以准确评估结合热不显著的低亲和力多肽;FP体系的可行性高度依赖于示踪剂同靶点蛋白之间的强亲和力,同样无法用于低亲和力多肽的筛选与优化;SPR检测的灵敏度高,但检测成本较高;酶活实验兼具高灵敏度、稳健性、高通量和可接受的检测成本,是最适宜的筛选方法。

MIM结构的SPP模式理论与仿真计算研究

为了进一步明确MIM(Metal-insulator-metal)波导结构的SPP(Surface plasmon polariton)模式特性,建立了MIM结构的SPP模式关系、激发系数和反射系数的理论模型。仿真数值计算结果表明:较大的介质厚度的TM基态模式衰减超过了振荡模式衰减,与传统的介质波导明显不同;TE模式表现为失真的介质光波导模式特性,其传播距离要远大于TM0;MIM结构中腔的Q值随着长度增加而增大,表明了SPP反射受限;腔的品质因数改变与端面关系密切;MIM波导可以在具有更大Q值下确保光波更好地耦合成需要的SPP模式。

Surface plasmon polaritons based optical directional coupler

As a basic optical device, the optical directional coupler (ODC) is basically used as optical splitters, optic switches and so on. A novel ODC employing surface plas- mon polaritons (SPPs) is proposed for high integration. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is adopted to simulate and analyze its properties. Results show that the ODC proposed here follows the general regulations of a conventional dielectric ODC, but its transverse size is of nanoscale, which improves the optical integration greatly. For 1550 nm and 1310 nm input wavelengths, when the coupling region length (L) equals half of its coupling length, the Excess Loss is respectively 0.57 dB and 0.56 dB, which is practical in applications. So the research on the present ODC is of some practical importance.

Spontaneous emission rate enhancement of nano-structured silicon by surface plasmon polariton

Surface plasmon polariton （SPP） is an attractive candidate to improve internal quantum efficiency （QE） of spontaneous emission （SE） from nano-structured silicon （Si） including nano-porous silicon （NP-Si） and silicon nanocrystal （Si-NC）. Since the SPP resonant frequency of common metals, e.g., gold （Au）, silver （Ag）, copper （Cu）, and aluminum （A1）, is too high, the SPP resonance has to be engineered to match the luminescence from nano- structured Si. For this purpose, we have proposed and demonstrated three approaches including metal-rich Au（1-a）-SiO2（a） cermet SPP waveguide （WG）, com- pound layer structure WG and metallic grating. In this paper, those approaches are reviewed and discussed. According to the calculated results, such three methods could effectively enhance SE rate from NP-Si or Si-NCs and show potential in developing high efficiency Si based light sources with electric pump.

Single polarization photonic crystal fiber filter based on surface plasmon resonance

In this paper,we propose a photonic crystal fiber(PCF)polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance(SPR)characteristics.Gold nanowire is used as the active plasmonic material.Light into silica core becomes coupled to gold nanowire stimulating SPR. It soplits light into two orthogonal(x-polarization and y-polarization)polarization in the second order of surface plasmon polarization.Numerical investigations of the proposed PCF filter is finite element method(FEM).By position,the performance of the propsed PCF filter is inspected rigorously.Filtering of any polarization can be obtained by properly placing the metal wires.The maximum cnfinement loss of x-polarization is 692.25dB/cm and y-polarization is 1.13dB/cm offers at resonance position 1.42μm.Such a confinement loss difference between two orthogonal polarizations makes PCF a talented candidate to filter devicees.Consequently,the recommended PCF structure is useful for polarization device.