IDFT Numerical Simulation Method for Gaussian Rough Surface with Relatively Large Correlation Length

A numerical simulation method based on inverse discrete Fourier transform(IDFT)is presented for generating Gaussian rough surface with a desired autocorrelation function(ACF). The probability density function of the height distribution of the generated Gaussian surface and the root-mean-square height of the rough surface are also considered. It is found that the height distribution of the generated surface follows the Gaussian distribution, the deviation of the root-mean-square height of the modeled rough surface from the desired value is smaller than that of Patir's method, and the autocorrelation function of the modeled surface is also in good agreement with the desired autocorrelation function. Compared with Patir's method, the modeled surface generated by the IDFT method is in better agreement with the desired autocorrelation function, especially when the correlation length is relatively large.

基于RMS的旋转叶片叶尖间隙信号处理方法

针对航空发动机旋转叶片叶尖间隙测量系统的信号处理和实时检测需求,该文提出了一种基于RMS的叶尖间隙信号处理方法。利用AD536A芯片设计了一种求信号RMS值转换电路,计算得到叶尖间隙信号的RMS值,并采用叶尖间隙信号的RMS值计算获得叶尖间隙值。搭建了一套基于该方法的电容式叶尖间隙测量系统进行测试验证,理论推导并利用试验数据验证了基于RMS的叶尖间隙测量模型。试验结果表明该方法可以实现对叶尖间隙的高精度实时在线测量,提高测量系统效率。

Residual Fatigue Life Prediction of Ball Bearings Based on Paris Law and RMS

Paris law can reflect the failure mechanism of materials and is usually used to be a method to predict fatigue life or residual fatigue life.But the variable which can represent the health of machine is hardly measured on line.To a degree,the difficulty of on-line application restricts the scope of application of Paris law.The relationship between characteristic values of vibration signals and the variable in the Paris equation which can describe the health of machine is investigated by taking ball bearings as investigative objects.Based on 6205 deep groove ball bearings as a living example,historical lives and vibration signals are analyzed.The feasibility of describing that variable in the Paris equation by the characteristic value of vibration signals is inspected.After that vibration signals decomposed by empirical mode decomposition（EMD）,root mean square（RMS） of intrinsic mode function（IMF） involving fault characteristic frequency has a consistent trend with the diameter of flaws.Based on the trend,two improved Paris models are proposed and the scope of application of them is inspected.These two Paris Models are validated by fatigue residual life data from tests of rolling element bearings and vibration signals monitored in the process of operation of rolling element bearings.It shows that the first improved Paris Model is simple and plain and it can be easily applied in actual conditions.The trend of the fatigue residual life predicted by the second improved Paris model is close to the actual conditions and the result of the prediction is slightly greater than the truth.In conclusion,after the appearance of detectable faults,these improved models based on RMS can predict residual fatigue life on line and a new approach to predict residual fatigue life of ball bearings on line without disturbing the machine running is provided.

A Comprehensive Study of Solar Energy Components by Using Various Models on Horizontal and Inclined Surfaces for Different Climate Zones

The main objective of this research is to analyze the monthly average daily of global (H), beams (B) and diffuses (D) solar irradiance on a horizontal surface at four selected sites (El-Kharga, Hurghada in Egypt and Dammam, Hail in Saudi Arabia) during the period time from 1980 to 2020. The empirical models between (H/Ho) and meteorological parameters along with the values of (MBE), (RMSE), MPE, R2 and the t-Test statics are discussed. The results in this study indicate good agreement between observed and calculated values of total solar energy and diffuse solar fraction. The results for south facing surfaces of the (RMSE) for different slope at different models in the present research are discussions. Nine different models between isotropic and anisotropic used to estimate the diffuse solar radiation on a tilted surface at selected sites in this study. The absolute relative values of RMSE for the south-facing surface ranges from 7 to 41.3 at El-Kharga and Hurghada sites, Egypt in the present study for Koronakis and Stevenand Unsworth (SU) models respectively. The values of (RMSE), for the south-facing surface ranges from 9.3 to 39.7 at Dammam and Hail sites, Saudi Arabia in the present research for Koronakis and Klucher models respectively. For west-facing surface the values of RMSE range from 11.2 to 47.3 for Badescu and Koronakis models at El-Kharga and Hurghada sites, Egypt respectively, while values of RMSE range from 6.5 to 38.5 for Klucher and Reindl et al. models at Dammam and Hail sites, Saudi Arabia. The models Koronakis, Klucher and Stevenand Unsworth (SU) models are given the most accurate estimate for the south-facing surface, and Badescu, Koronakis, Klucher and Reindl et al. models are good performs better estimated for the west-facing surface.

异步电机轴承故障的诊断方法研究

提出了基于Park矢量模平方函数及其数据处理的轴承故障诊断方法,计算电机轴承三相电流信号的Park矢量模平方函数,再经小波包分解分别至四层和五层,得到故障特征频率对应频带,并取其RMS值,以其RMS值经对数处理放大差异后与正常电机进行比较从而进行轴承故障诊断。通过求解小波包分解子频带所对应节点系数的RMS值,从而判断电机轴承故障,并且搭建了样机试验平台,测试结果验证了该方法的有效性。

基于无人机数字近景摄影测量的服役边坡监测方法

针对现有边坡变形监测技术自动化与智能化程度低及安设复杂且对边坡有损坏等问题,提出一种基于无人机数字近景摄影测量的服役边坡坡表变形监测方法。根据数字近景摄影测量的相关理论,确定了数码相机内参数标定和监测点坐标解算方法,研制出一种可布设在服役边坡坡表的数字近景摄影测量和全站仪测量通用的变形监测目标物,实现对边坡的联合监测。研究结果表明,数字近景摄影测量技术配合专门设计的变形监测目标物对边坡坡表变形较为敏感,第一期和第二期的监测点位中误差分别为3.3 mm和1.7 mm,水平位移监测的点位和垂直位移监测的高程中误差分别为3.5 mm和1.6 mm,达到毫米级的监测精度,满足滑坡监测标准的精度要求;同时变形监测目标物制作可靠、成本低廉,具有较高的应用价值。

基于双主动全桥双向DC/DC变换器的混合单移相调制方案

对双主动全桥DAB(dual active bridge)双向DC/DC变换器的调制方案进行了研究,DAB变换器的主要优势在于具有对称结构、双向潮流能力、宽软开关区域和灵活的控制能力等特点。控制这种拓扑结构最简单的方法是通过控制变换器原副边全桥之间的移相角来控制功率传输的方向和大小。然而在轻载条件下,当变换器的输入或输出电压变化较大时,会产生大量的无功功率,同时部分开关管的零电压开关ZVS(zero voltage switching)操作会丢失而直接导致转换效率变低。因此,为了提高DAB变换器的效率,提出了一种混合单移相调制PSM(phase shift modulation)方案,在保持控制简单的基础上,通过减小电感电流有效值,扩大软开关的范围,提高了变换器的效率。首先,通过让拓展移相EPS(extended phase shift)、双移相DPS(dual phase shift)以及三移相TPS(triple phase shift)调制方案中的可控变量相等,从而形成了4种不同的PSM方案。接着,对这些调制方案进行了稳态特征的比较分析,包括传输功率容量、电感电流水平以及软开关性能等。在此基础上,提出了一种混合PSM方案。最后,通过搭建实验平台验证了所提出调制方案的有效性和正确性。

Scaling analysis of current influence on Hastelloy surface roughness in electro-polishing process

In this study, a series of Hastelloy tapes were electro-polished, and the dividing method was used to carry out a detailed investigation on the influence of polishing current(I) on root mean square(R_q) at various image scales(L). The electro-polishing is found to be effective mainly at L smaller than 10μm, where the R_q–I relationship could be fitted by an exponential decay function with a residual roughness value. An approximate model of electro-polishing process was established to interpret the exponential decay function. This study provides a quantified insight into the electro-polishing process, which could help to obtain more understanding of its mechanism.

WRF模式对渤海和黄海海面风预报误差分析

基于WRF模式的2019年24h、48h和72h预报结果,选取渤海、黄海8个浮标站位观测的海面10m风速和风向进行直接对比检验和误差统计分析。结果表明:(1)模式24h预报结果最优,随着预报时效的增长,预报值与实测值相关性下降,预报值离散度增大;(2)当实测风力在45级时,预报风速与实测风速平均偏差最小,两者在数值大小上吻合最好,随着风力增大(或减小),平均偏差和均方根误差增大;(3)不同风向条件下的风向平均绝对误差均在0°~30°,其中N向风时,风向平均绝对误差最小,其次为S和SW向,当实测风向为东向风时,WRF预报的风向误差最大;(4)不同海域而言,WRF对黄海海域风速风向的预报能力明显优于渤海海域,这主要是由于渤海海域的特殊地理位置导致,WRF模式对冷空气导致的大风过程的预报效果优于对台风导致的大风过程的预报。

Semi-Empirical Formulas for Nuclear Charge Radii

Considering the relationship between the nuclear radius and the average bindingenergy of nucleons,a simple semi-empirical formula for the nuclear rms charge radii is suggest-ed together with the formula for light neutron-rich nuclear rms neutron radii.These formulascan well fit the new experimental values.

Film-Forming Properties of Fullerene Derivatives in Electrospray Deposition Method

Thin films of three types of fullerene derivatives were prepared through the electrospray deposition (ESD) method. The optimized conditions for the fabrication of the thin films were investigated for different types of fullerene derivatives: [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, and indene-C60-monoadduct. The spray diameter during the ESD process was observed as a function of the supply rate achieved by changing the applied voltage. In all cases, the spray diameter increased with increasing applied voltage, reaching the maximum diameter (Dmax) in the voltage range 4 to 6 kV. It was clear that Dmax was influenced by the dipole moments of the fullerene derivatives (as calculated by density functional theory methods). Scanning electron microscopy observation of the?fabricated thin films showed that imbricated structures were formed through the stacking of the fullerene-derivative sheets. Atomic force microscopy images revealed that the density of the imbricated structure was dependent on the spray diameter during the ESD process, and the root-mean-square roughness of the film surface decreased with increasing applied voltage. These findings suggest that the ESD method will be effective for the preparation of fullerene-derivative thin films for the production of organic devices.

表面肌电图在先天性肌性斜颈儿童中的诊断价值及临床应用

目的探讨表面肌电图在先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)儿童颈部肌群中的肌电特征及临床应用价值。方法选取2018年6月-2022年8月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院康复中心确诊为CMT的478例患儿进行回顾性分析。采用同一病例斜颈侧纳入患侧组、健侧纳入对照组的自身对照方法,采用表面肌电图记录静息和不同运动状态下双侧胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上)的均方根(RMS)值,比较患侧与健侧肌群在静息及不同运动状态下的差异及诊断价值;采用Spearman相关系数评估患侧CMT严重程度与颈部各肌群的关系。结果CMT儿童患侧胸锁乳突肌RMS值在放松时高于健侧,收缩时低于健侧,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),患侧在静息坐位及各种运动状态下的RMS值异常均有较高诊断价值。患侧颈阔肌在静息坐位、反向转颈放松状态时的RMS值均高于健侧(P<0.05),同向转颈收缩状态时的RMS值均低于健侧(P<0.05),且在静息坐位、仰头时检测值异常具有较高价值。患侧斜方肌(上)在放松状态时RMS值高于健侧(P<0.05),在坐位、转颈及低头时的检测值异常具有较高检查价值。CMT的严重程度与胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上)RMS值均呈正相关(r分别为0.721、0.612、0.655,P<0.001)。结论表面肌电图检查可作为CMT儿童临床诊断及疗效评估的一种较好的方法。

基于路面不平整度的车辆动荷载影响分析

为探讨在路面不平整度激励条件下对多轴重载车辆产生动荷载的影响,该研究从路表纵断面的波形状态入手,采用带有平衡悬架结构的三轴和四轴重载车辆模型,建立车辆振动模型的运动微分方程,采用动荷载均方根和动荷系数来分析不同路面工况和行驶工况对车辆动荷载的影响。研究结果表明:当车速在某范围内时,车辆系统的固有振动频率会接近路面不平整度的激励频率,导致动荷载达到最大。动荷系数一般在空载时最大,满载时次之,超载时最小,并应考虑车辆静荷载和动荷载的联合作用对路面结构的影响。车辆越重,其振动频率与路面不平整度激振频率越接近,产生共振的速度越小。对于这两种车型,其产生动荷载的最不利路面波长分别为9 m和12 m。该研究成果可为动载作用下路面结构响应研究提供参考。

基于FSDD和MAC的复杂工况滚动轴承在线故障诊断方法

环模制粒机的核心零件需在高温、高湿条件下长时间连续运行,极易发生滚动轴承故障,严重影响生产安全。针对复杂工况下环模制粒机滚动轴承故障无法在线诊断的问题,提出了一种基于频域空间分解(FSDD)和模态保证准则(MAC)的滚动轴承故障在线识别方法。首先,对滚动轴承的振动信号进行了在线测量,采集了不同工况下的故障振动数据,并采用均方根(RMS)方法,从不同工况下的振动信号中分析出了振动状况最严重的工况;然后,采用频域空间分解法(FSDD),识别出了其模态频率、阻尼比及振型等模态参数,并利用模态保证准则(MAC)从模态参数中提取出了故障特征频率,达到了损伤判断的目的;最后,以出现故障的K15环模制粒机为例,进行了滚动轴承在线故障诊断的实验。研究结果表明:基于FSDD和MAC的方法,可识别出环模制粒机的故障特征频率为57.83 Hz,故障点为轴承SKF 24024CC/W33的外圈;该方法可实现在复杂工况下滚动轴承故障的有效识别。

基于浅地层剖面振幅属性的海底沉积物类型反演——以舟山群岛为例

应用声学方法反演海底沉积物类型对于研究海洋和开发海洋具有重要意义。基于有限的海底取样或原位测试获取海底沉积物类型,其成本高、效率低、连续性差,而声学反演方法由于其迅速、连续、方便、经济等优点受到普遍重视。本文基于在舟山群岛海域获取的高密度高分辨率浅地层剖面数据,利用前处理、振幅属性提取等技术进行海底表层沉积物类型反演,通过与侧扫声呐数据解释的地貌类型和实测海底表层沉积物类型对比,发现浅地层剖面振幅均方根RMS属性值可较准确地反演海底表层沉积物类型。利用最近获得的1100 km浅地层剖面振幅RMS属性值反演出舟山群岛的沉积物类型主要有黏土、黏土质粉砂、粉砂、砂和基岩5种类型,通过与实测数据对比,初步估算准确率在72%以上,表明作为一种新的利用浅地层剖面振幅属性反演海底表层沉积物类型的方法在该区是可行的。

基于直接功率控制的双有源桥暂态直流偏置抑制策略

电压模式下双有源桥变换器在输入电压改变或负载突变时,会在变压器一次侧产生暂态直流偏置电流,从而导致电感电流峰值过大、变压器磁心饱和等问题。该文提出一种改进的三移相(ITPS)控制策略,用以消除双有源桥(DAB)暂态直流偏置电流。ITPS控制策略首先通过电感电流有效值优化策略确定稳态过程移相比,建立DAB直接功率控制模型。当DAB运行模式改变时,通过在过渡过程中增加一个暂态周期,调节开关管在暂态周期中的占空比,以维持变压器的伏秒平衡,抑制暂态偏置电流,使系统在一个周期内可以快速达到稳态。该策略将DAB的稳态性能与动态性能的优化相结合,在保证对电流有效值优化的同时,能实现快速的暂态响应。仿真及实验结果表明,ITPS策略在不同稳态和暂态工况下都具有优越性能,具有一定的工程应用价值。

基于Archard理论的浮动密封结构磨损特性试验研究

管线闸阀工作过程中,常常会因密封接触面的磨损而导致其密封失效。针对这一问题,以代号为Z943Y-300Lb的高压管线平板闸阀为例,对其浮动密封结构的磨损特性进行了理论推导、仿真分析和试验测试研究。首先,运用了任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法和Archard磨损模型,对浮动密封结构启闭后的接触面磨损厚度进行了理论推导;然后,根据浮动密封结构特点,提出了以全局磨损量均方根值(RMS)为评价指标的方法;接着,利用ABAQUS软件,对浮动密封结构进行了摩擦动力学仿真分析,并研究了不同启闭次数、密封面宽度对浮动密封结构磨损特性的影响问题;最后,采用最小二乘法建立了高压管线平板闸阀密封面磨损量预测模型,预测磨损等厚度时所允许的磨损寿命,并根据试验测试结果对仿真结果的准确性进行了验证。研究结果表明:相对于其他区域,区域Ⅰ、区域Ⅱ的磨损量较大;启闭速度对闸阀密封结构的磨损寿命影响较大,随着启闭速度的增加,密封结构的区间磨损寿命呈现先增加、后减小的趋势;启闭速度为210 mm/s时,闸阀密封结构的磨损寿命最大;在一定的范围内,其磨损寿命随着密封面宽度增大而增加。该研究分析可为闸阀密封结构的优化设计及寿命预测提供理论基础。

航空重力重复线测试数据质量评价方法研究

为了量化评估航空重力系统的性能指标,通常采用多次往返的重复线测量方式来测试航空重力仪动态测量的重复性和一致性,但现有规范中没有明确针对航空重力重复线测试数据质量的评估准则,本文研究总结了航空重力重复线测试数据均方差精度计算方法,依据重复线测试数据均方差内、外符合精度的计算结果,可以更为客观地评估仪器的动态测量精度指标和工作状态.

多层介质薄膜膜层间界面粗糙度及光散射

利用泰勒霍普森相关相干表面轮廓粗糙度仪(Talysurf CCI)分别对基底和采用电子束热蒸发技术沉积的15层二氧化钛(TiO2)和二氧化硅(SiO2)为膜料的介质高反膜的膜层间的界面粗糙度进行了研究,并对不同工艺下沉积的薄膜界面粗糙度以及不同基底粗糙度上沉积的薄膜的表面粗糙度进行了比较。实验结果表明:TiO2薄膜对基底或下表面粗糙度有较好的平滑作用,随着TiO2和SiO2膜层的交替镀制,膜层间表面粗糙度呈现出低高交替的现象,随着膜层层数的增加,膜层间界面粗糙度低高变化范围减小;采用离子束辅助沉积工艺时,膜层间界面粗糙度低高变化范围较小。总散射损耗的理论计算表明:中心波长处完全非相关模型下的总散射损耗小于完全相关模型下的总散射损耗。实验结果表明:界面粗糙度的相关度约为0.4。