The main results of the paper are that we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a surface sum of two handlebodies along a connected surface to be a handlebody as follows:(1)The annulus sum H=H1∪AH2 of two han...The main results of the paper are that we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a surface sum of two handlebodies along a connected surface to be a handlebody as follows:(1)The annulus sum H=H1∪AH2 of two handlebodies H1 and H2 is a handlebody if and only if the core curve of A is a longitude for either H1 or H2;(2)Let H=H1∪Sg,b H2 be a surface sum of two handlebodies H1 and H2 along a connected surface S=Sg,b,b 1,ni=g(Hi)2,i=1,2.Suppose that S is incompressible in both H1 and H2.Then H is a handlebody if and only if there exists a basis J={J1,...,Jm}with a partition(J1,J2)of J such that J1 is primitive in H1 and J2 is primitive in H2.展开更多
In this paper, we will characterize all types of essential closed surfaces in a class of surface sum ofI-bundle of closed surfaces, and give an application of the classificatioa in the surface sum of two 3-manifolds.
A broadband infrared surface sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy （SFG-VS） and an in situ UV excitation setup devoted to studying surface photocatalysis have been constructed. With a home-made compact h...A broadband infrared surface sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy （SFG-VS） and an in situ UV excitation setup devoted to studying surface photocatalysis have been constructed. With a home-made compact high vacuum cell, organic contaminants on TiO2 thin film surface prepared by RF magnetron sputtering were in situ removed under 266 nm irradiation in 10 kPa 02 atmosphere. We obtained the methanol spectrum in the CH3 stretching vibration region on TiO2 surface with changing the methanol pressure at room temperature. Features of both molecular and dissociative methanol, methoxy, adsorbed on this surface were resolved. The CH3 symmetric stretching vibration frequency and Fermi resonance of molecular methanol is red-shifted by about 6-8 cm-1 from low to high coverage. Moreover, the recombination of dissociative methanol and H on Surfaces in vacuum was also observed. Our results suggest two equilibria exist： between molecular methanol in the gas phase and that on surfaces, and between molecular methanol and dissociative methanol on surfaces.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11431009 and 11671064)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT19LK15)Ministry of Science and Education of Russia(Grant No.1.13557.2019/13.1)。
文摘The main results of the paper are that we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a surface sum of two handlebodies along a connected surface to be a handlebody as follows:(1)The annulus sum H=H1∪AH2 of two handlebodies H1 and H2 is a handlebody if and only if the core curve of A is a longitude for either H1 or H2;(2)Let H=H1∪Sg,b H2 be a surface sum of two handlebodies H1 and H2 along a connected surface S=Sg,b,b 1,ni=g(Hi)2,i=1,2.Suppose that S is incompressible in both H1 and H2.Then H is a handlebody if and only if there exists a basis J={J1,...,Jm}with a partition(J1,J2)of J such that J1 is primitive in H1 and J2 is primitive in H2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10625102 10901029)
文摘In this paper, we will characterize all types of essential closed surfaces in a class of surface sum ofI-bundle of closed surfaces, and give an application of the classificatioa in the surface sum of two 3-manifolds.
基金This work was supported by the National Ba- sic Research Program of China （No.2013CB834600） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.II27002/B030403, No.II290162/A040106, and No.21322310/B030402）.
文摘A broadband infrared surface sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy （SFG-VS） and an in situ UV excitation setup devoted to studying surface photocatalysis have been constructed. With a home-made compact high vacuum cell, organic contaminants on TiO2 thin film surface prepared by RF magnetron sputtering were in situ removed under 266 nm irradiation in 10 kPa 02 atmosphere. We obtained the methanol spectrum in the CH3 stretching vibration region on TiO2 surface with changing the methanol pressure at room temperature. Features of both molecular and dissociative methanol, methoxy, adsorbed on this surface were resolved. The CH3 symmetric stretching vibration frequency and Fermi resonance of molecular methanol is red-shifted by about 6-8 cm-1 from low to high coverage. Moreover, the recombination of dissociative methanol and H on Surfaces in vacuum was also observed. Our results suggest two equilibria exist： between molecular methanol in the gas phase and that on surfaces, and between molecular methanol and dissociative methanol on surfaces.
