Surface-mounted bender elements for measuring horizontal shear wave velocity of soils

The bender element testing features its in-plane directivity, which allows using bender elements to measure the shear wave velocities in a wider range of in-plane configurations besides the standard tip-to-tip alignment. This paper proposed a novel bender element testing technique for measuring the horizontal shear wave velocity of soils, where the bender elements are surface- mounted and the axes of the source and receiver elements are parallel to each other. The preliminary tests performed on model ground of silica sand showed that, by properly determining the travel distance and time of the shear waves, the surface-mounted bender elements can perform as accurately as the conventional "tip-to-tip" configuration. Potentially, the present system provides a promising nondestructive tool for characterizing geomaterials and site conditions both in laboratory and in the fields.

Analysis of temperature field for a surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor adopting magnetic-thermal coupling method

Aiming at obtaining high power density of surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM),it is important to accurately calculate the temperature field distribution of SIPMSM,and a magnetic-thermal coupling method is proposed.The magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism is analyzed.The thermal network model and finite element model are built by this method,respectively.The effects of power frequency on iron losses and temperature fields are analyzed by the magnetic-thermal coupling finite element model under the condition of rated load,and the relationship between the load and temperature field is researched under the condition of the synchronous speed.In addition,the equivalent thermal network model is used to verify the magnetic-thermal coupling method.Then the temperatures of various nodes are obtained.The results show that there are advantages in both computational efficiency and accuracy for the proposed coupling method,which can be applied to other permanent magnet motors with complex structures.

The influence of inter-band rock on rib spalling in longwall panel with large mining height

In order to improve rib stability,failure criteria and instability mode of a thick coal seam with inter-band rock layer are analysed in this study.A three-dimensional mechanical model is established for the rib by considering the rock layer.A safety factor is defined foy the rib,and it is observed that the safety factor exhibits a positive correlation with the thickness and strength of the inter-band rock.A calculation method for determining critical parameters of the rock layer is presented to ensure the rib stability.It is revealed that incomplete propagation of the fracture at the hard rock constitutes a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring the rib stability.The influence of the position of the inter-band rock in the coal seam on failure mechanism of the rib was thoroughly investigated by developing a series of physical models for the rib at the face area.The best position for the inter-band rock in the coal seam is at a height of 1.5 m away from the roof line,which tends to provide a good stability state for the rib.For different inter-band rock positions,two ways of controlling rib by increasing supports stiffness and flexible grouting reinforcement are proposed.

Control of Nozzle Flow Using Rectangular Ribs at Sonic and Supersonic Mach Numbers

This study deals with base pressure management in a duct for various values of the Mach number(M),namely,Mach number corresponding to sonic and four supersonic conditions.In addition to the Mach number,the nozzle pressure ratio(NPR),the area ratio,the rib dimension,and the duct length are influential parameters.The following specific values are examined at M=1,1.36,1.64,and 2,and NPRs between 1.5 and 10.The base pressure is determined by positioning ribs of varying heights at predetermined intervals throughout the length of the square duct.When the level of expansion is varied,it is seen that the base pressure initially drops for overexpanded flows and increases for under-expanded flows.When ribs are present,the flow field in the duct and pressure inside the duct fluctuate as the base pressure rises.Under-expanded flows can achieve a base pressure value that is suitably high without experiencing excessive changes in the duct flow in terms of static pressure if a rib height around 10%of the duct height close to the nozzle exit is considered.Rectangular rib passive control does not negatively affect the duct’s flow field.

Current practice in autologous rib and costal-cartilage harvest for rhinoplasty:A systematic review

Background:Autologous costal grafts are used universally in clinical practice for rhinoplasty and reconstruction.However,surgeons worldwide have not agreed on the details of graft harvesting,including rib selection,side preference,operation mode,cutting methods,and handling of the periosteum and perichondrium.This study aimed to provide an overview of the novel techniques used for auto-rib harvesting in rhinoplasty within the past 5 years and identify potential avenues for future research.Methods:We searched for related articles in PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science from 2019 to 2023,summa-rized crucial but controversial steps in recent practice,and analyzed their theoretical basis and clinical feasibility.Results:Auto-rib and cartilage open harvest is still mainstream in rhinoplasty and reconstruction,with the 5th to 8th ribs and cartilage being the most used.The laparoscopic harvest is gaining attention,being second only to the open harvest,with the 9th/10th ribs and cartilages being particularly convenient.The clinical applications of full-cut and split-cut methods differ in their advantages.Except for some special reasons,almost all studies tended to preserve the periosteum and perichondrium in situ,and few surgeons chose to harvest the grafts on the left side.Conclusion:Multiple techniques have emerged,requiring surgeons to balance the benefits and risks of various strategies at each step.New theories and techniques should be fully tested promptly and in clinical practice before wide application.Overall,a professional consensus is needed for better directivity,precision,and stability in clinical practice.

Bearing mechanism of roof and rib support structure in automatically formed roadway and its support design method

Non-pillar mining technology with automatically formed roadway is a new mining method without coal pillar reservation and roadway excavation.The stability control of automatically formed roadway is the key to the successful application of the new method.In order to realize the stability control of the roadway surrounding rock,the mechanical model of the roof and rib support structure is established,and the influence mechanism of the automatically formed roadway parameters on the compound force is revealed.On this basis,the roof and rib support structure technology of confined lightweight concrete is proposed,and its mechanical tests under different eccentricity are carried out.The results show that the bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens is basically the same as that of ordinary confined concrete specimens.The bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens under different eccentricities is 1.95 times higher than those of U-shaped steel specimens.By comparing the test results with the theoretical calculated results of the confined concrete,the calculation method of the bearing capacity for the confined lightweight concrete structure is selected.The design method of confined lightweight concrete support structure is established,and is successfully applied in the extra-large mine,Ningtiaota Coal Mine,China.

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Welded Joints in Arch Ribs of Large Span Steel Pipe Arch Bridges

In order to study the residual stress distribution law of welded joints of arch ribs of large-span steel pipe concrete arch bridges,numerical simulation of temperature,stress and strain fields based on ABAQUS for welded joints of arch-ribbed steel tubes using 7-,8-and 9-layer welds is carried out and its accuracy is demonstrated.The steel pipe welding temperature changes,residual stress distribution,different processes residual stress changes in the law,the prediction of post-weld residual stress distribution and deformation are studied in this paper.The results show that the temperature field values and test results are more consistent with the accuracy of numerical simulation of welding,the welding process is mainly in the form of heat transfer;Residual high stresses are predominantly distributed in the Fusion zone(FZ)and Heat-affected zone(HAZ),with residual stress levels tending to decrease from the center of the weld along the axial path,the maximum stress appears in the FZ and HAZ junction;The number of welding layers has an effect on the residual stress distribution,the number of welding layers increases,the residual stress tends to decrease,while the FZ and HAZ high stress area range shrinks;Increasing the number of plies will increase the amount of residual distortion.

Study of microstructure evolution of magnesium alloy cylindrical part with longitudinal inner ribs during hot flow forming by coupling ANN-modified CA and FEA

Hot flow forming(HFF)is a promising forming technology to manufacture thin-walled cylindrical part with longitudinal inner ribs(CPLIRs)made of magnesium(Mg)alloys,which has wide applications in the aerospace field.However,due to the thermo-mechanical coupling effect and the existence of stiffened structure,complex microstructure evolution and uneven microstructure occur easily at the cylindrical wall(CW)and inner rib(IR)of Mg alloy thin-walled CPLIRs during the HFF.In this paper,a modified cellular automaton(CA)model of Mg alloy considering the effects of deformation conditions on material parameters was developed using the artificial neural network(ANN)method.It is found that the ANN-modified CA model exhibits better predictability for the microstructure of hot deformation than the conventional CA model.Furthermore,the microstructure evolution of ZK61 alloy CPLIRs during the HFF was analyzed by coupling the modified CA model and finite element analysis(FEA).The results show that compared with the microstructure at the same layer of the IR,more refined grains and less sufficient DRX resulted from larger strain and strain rate occur at that of the CW;various differences of strain and strain rate in the wall-thickness exist between the CW and IR,which leads to the inhomogeneity of microstructure rising firstly and declining from the inside layer to outside layer;the obtained Hall-Petch relationship between the measured microhardness and predicted grain sizes at the CW and the IR indicates the reliability of the coupled FEA-CA simulation results.

Rib Osteosynthesis for Sub-Acute Management of a Flail Chest in a Tertiary Centre in a Low-Middle Income Country of Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Report at Douala Laquintinie Hospital

Background: Costal fracture surgical is still a debate, therefore we shall select between early and delay surgical management. Case Report: We are reporting two cases of post road traffic clash delay ribs fractures osteosynthesis involving a 63-year-old man with multistage fractures on the left and pulmonary pinning of one of the costal arches, complicated by a homolateral haemothorax and a 41-year-old man with a bilateral flail chest. Conclusion: The simple postoperative course and the immediate postoperative improvement in the patient’s clinical respiratory condition enabled us to discuss the time frame for management, in this case the indication for early or later surgery.

Application of Grooved Negative Pressure Drainage Tube in Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures

Objective: To explore the application value of disposable grooved negative pressure drainage tubes in rib fracture incision and internal fixation. Methods: Seventy-five patients admitted to our Department of Trauma Surgery from June 2022 to April 2024 who underwent rib fracture osteotomy and internal fixation were selected. According to the types of drainage tubes left in the patients after the operation, they were divided into the observation group (35 cases who were left with disposable grooved negative pressure drainage tubes) and the control group (40 cases who were left with closed silicone thoracic drainage tubes). Comparison of chest drainage, pain, postoperative complications, secondary chest penetration rate, drain placement time, hospitalization time, and treatment costs were compared between the two groups. Results: The total postoperative chest drainage volume of the observation group was less than that of the control group (P < 0.05);the degree of pain, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the rate of secondary chest puncture in the observation group were lower than that of the control group three days after the operation (P < 0.05);and the time of drain placement in the observation group was shorter than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of disposable grooved negative pressure drainage tubes in rib fracture incision and internal fixation can significantly improve patients’ postoperative pain and discomfort, reduce complications, lower the rate of secondary chest penetration, promote patients’ postoperative recovery, decrease the amount of postoperative chest drainage, and shorten the time of drain placement, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

RIBLL束流诊断与鉴别

概述了ＲＩＢＬＬ的结构，束流诊断元件原理和作用。

低盐固态工艺条件下米曲霉3.042和米曲霉RIB40酿造酱油发酵性能的比较

探讨了在低盐固态酱油酿造工艺下,我国广泛应用的米曲霉3.042和日本的米曲霉RIB40在发酵性能方面的差异。对比了两株米曲霉种曲孢子数、大曲制备工艺、发酵过程中理化指标、有机酸含量以及酱油风味物质方面的不同。研究发现米曲霉3.042具有产孢快、生长迅速的特点。通过跟踪测定蛋白酶活、纤维素酶活和糖化酶活,确定了两株米曲霉的最佳收曲时间均为36h。同时发现米曲霉RIB40的糖化酶活很高(3208.939U/g干基,36h)。理化指标的变化情况表明:采用两株米曲霉制曲酿造酱油均达到了特级酱油标准。在有机酸方面,米曲霉RIB40酱醅的乳酸和乙酸的含量具有一定优势,这有利于酱油良好口感的形成。风味物质的检测结果表明:米曲霉RIB40酿造酱油中醇类物质具有优势,而米曲霉3.042在酯类物质方面具有优势。在实际生产中,可以根据产品需要选择合适的菌株。

放射性核束(RIB)的物理前沿

介绍了世界上主要的放射性核束装置，并对当前放射性核束物理研究的前沿方向作了评述．同时，也展望了放射性核束装置的发展趋势．

RIB测井技术在昆北油田的应用

RIB测井技术有效包含了声幅密度测井的所有信息,如声幅、变密度等,能够识别窜槽和孔洞,能够准确反映第一界面水泥环全方位胶结情况。RIB测井技术不同于以往的其它水泥胶结评价方式,它能有效评价水泥胶结的周向固井质量,能测量井周八个扇区水泥胶结曲线、VDL变密度地层胶结波列、升幅衰减曲线。

RIB仪器配接爬行器在水平井中的应用

介绍了八扇区水泥胶结测井仪RIB(RADIUS INCREMENTED BOND)和SONDEX水平井爬行器的基本结构、功能及参数;介绍了RIB仪器配接爬行器进行水平井测井工艺过程;对在青海油田水平井测井的实际应用情况进行了分析。

Fabrication and Evaluation of Bragg Gratings on Optimally Designed Silicon-on-Insulator Rib Waveguides Using Electron-Beam Lithography

The fabrication of Bragg gratings on silicon-on-insulator （SOI） rib waveguides using electron-beam lithography is presented. The grating waveguide is optimally designed for actual photonic integration. Experimental and theoretical evaluations of the Bragg grating are demonstrated. By thinning the SOl device layer and deeply etching the Bragg grating, a large grating coupling coefficient of 30cm^-1 is obtained.

Design of Tapered Rib Spot-Size Converter with Double-Cladding Structure

A novel structure of spot size converter is designed to allow low loss and large alignment tolerance between single mode rib waveguide devices and fiber arrays theoretically.The spot size converter consists of a tapered rib core region and a double cladding region.Through optimizing parameters,an expanded mode field can be tightly confined in the inner cladding and thus radiation loss be reduced largely at the tapered region.The influence of refractive index and thickness of the inner cladding on coupling loss is analyzed in particular.A novel,easy method of fabricating tapered rib spot size converter based on silicon on insulator material is proposed.

G^1端点约束的Bézier曲线曲面的Ribs和Fans

为了得到Bézier曲线曲面的更加适用于网络传输的分解和重构算法,研究了带1阶端点(角点)约束的Bézier曲线曲面的Ribs和Fans,并且得到了相应的曲线曲面的光滑部分和细节部分.反过来,给定Bézier曲线的光滑部分和细节部分,给出了重构原曲线的算法.另外,还把Ribs和Fans的概念与算法推广到三角Bézier曲面.1张n次的三角Bézier曲面能够分解为1张n-1次的Rib、1张n-3次的Fan和3条n-4次Bézier曲线(Fans).数值例子表明对曲线曲面的光滑部分和细节部分的分解是更优与更有效的.

浅析套管腐蚀结垢对RIB扇区水泥胶结测井的影响

在油水井生产过程中,水泥胶结固井质量是影响油气井生产的关键因素。对固井质量的检查多采用水泥胶结测井仪,目前来自美国的新一代水泥胶结测井仪——RIB扇区水泥胶结测井仪在油田得到广泛应用。在油水井长期的生产过程中,由于种种原因造成套管腐蚀结垢的发生,腐蚀结垢的存在极大地影响了测量资料的准确性。针对套管腐蚀结垢给RIB扇区水泥胶结测井仪现场测量造成影响的原因,从仪器运行状况以及探测原理的角度进行分析,并对存在套管腐蚀结垢油水井提出相应的处理建议。

RIB型轮胎定型硫化机的结构与特点

介绍了ＲＩＢ 型轮胎定型硫化机的主要结构、硫化工艺以及与Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ 型硫化机作了对比，指出ＲＩＢ 型硫化机是一种在Ａ 型硫化机的基础上，吸收Ｂ 型硫化机的特点，改进而成的一种新型硫化机，适合于子午线轮胎的硫化，值得在轮胎行业推广。