Low/distortion on Exterior Surface of Auto Body and Its Correction Method

Surface low/distortion is one of the most challenging surface deflections that have a great effect on the exterior appearance of automobiles.Most studies on surface distortion/deflection have focused on evaluation and visualization techniques,the research work on correction or prevention of surface low/distortion is limited,and there is no perfect surface low/distortion corrective method that can satisfy the needs of the engineering.A B-spline based geometry morphing algorithm is proposed and then a new program based on UG-NX platform is developed to modify the die face in the surface low/distortion areas.To verify this developed system,the experimental dies that can replicate the surface low/distortion phenomenon successfully is put to use.Five geometric variables are introduced to describe the basic geometry of typical depression features of automotive outer panels.The experimental dies are then designed to reflect various combinations of these geometric parameters.The stamping experiments are conducted on cold rolled grade 5（CR5） sheet steel and various static measurements,such as oil-stoning,laser scanner,etc,are performed to measure and record the surface low/distortions.Three approaches including good bearing,holds in blank and die face morphing that aim to correct low/distortions are tried out and surface low/distortions are observed in the specimen with reverse draw depth of 10 mm.The measurement results show that die morphing is a practical and effective method to correct the surface low/distortion.The correction method proposed can be used to minimize the occurrence of surface low/distortion in die manufacturing,which has certain reference significance to the correction of surface low/distortion.

Surface deflection-based reliability analysis of asphalt pavement design

The surface deflection of asphalt pavement reflects the strength and stiffness of the entire structure, which can be used to evaluate the rutting life of asphalt pavements. However, it is influenced by various stochastic variables including traffic loads, material properties and structural thickness of each pavement course. The uncertainty of above stochastic variables is of significance for accurately predicting the rutting life of asphalt pavement. In this study, the statistical characteristics of stochastic variables of asphalt pavement were assessed based on the field data collected from asphalt pavement projects. A unique formula with a fairly good accuracy was found using multiple linear regression based on numerical simulation results to ease the calculation of pavement deflection during the reliability analysis. It is shown that the stochastic variables of asphalt pavement can be well characterized by normal distribution or logarithmic normal distribution. The regressed formula to calculate the surface deflection of pavement has a fairly good accuracy with an error of less than 6.0% compared to the numerical method. The proposed surface deflection-based reliability analysis can be used easily to evaluate the influence of input parameters on the rutting life and to guide the structure design of asphalt pavement with required reliability.