Effects of milling and active surfactants on rheological behavior of powder injection molding feedstock

The effects of milling and active surfactants on the rheological behavior of powder injection molding feedstock were discussed. The feedstock consists of traditional compositional 90W 7Ni 3Fe powder mixture and a wax based polymer binder. Before mixing feedstock, the powder mixture was milled for different times in a QM 1 high energy ball mill. The viscosity of the feedstock was examined in a capillary rheometer. The rheological behavior was evaluated from viscosity data. The results show that the feedstock belongs to a pseudoplastic fluid, milling decreases viscosity of the feedstock and the sensitivity of viscosity to shear strain rate. The flowability, rheology and powder loading of this feedstock are improved by milling. Active surfactants such as stearic acid (SA) and di n octyl o phthalate (DOP) have great influences on the rheological properties of the feedstock. DOP improves the flowability and rheological stability of the feedstock further. [

PREPARATION,IDENTIFICATION AND INTERFACIAL ACTIVITIES OF PETROLEUM CARBOXYLATE AS SURFACTANT FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING

Petroleum carboxylate that may be suitable for tertiary oil recovery have been produced inexpensively from the fractions of Daqing crude oil by a two step process.The feed stock was first oxidized in the vapor phase,followed by reaction of the oxidized products with sodium hydroxide.Dilute solutions of sodium carboxylates were produced and show ultralow(10^(-2)mN/m)interfacial tensions(IFTs)against a variety of hydrocarbons with a wide range of ACN(Alkane Carbon Number).Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in the oxidized and the saponified products.

Preparation of Magnetic Activated Carbon

Based on the special molccular structure of surfactant paramagnctic material used as magnetic nucleus wascoated with two layers of surfactant inculding an inner layer and an outer layer and an outer layer Magnetic reagent can combine with activated carbon due to adsorption of hydrophilic raclical of the outer surfactant layer so activated carbon has magnetism Theeffects of magnetic reagent dosage. pH and activator upon the magnetic susceptibility of activated carbon were studied.Conceming the optimal conditions. MR-20 is the best magnetic reagent. Concentration of CaCl2 is 0.02M and pH1.8-2.4The physical properties of magnetic activated carbon vary with the types dosage and magnetizing condition of magneticreagent.

Synthesis of newly cationic surfactant based on dimethylaminopropyl amine and their silver nanoparticles:Characterization;surface activity and biological activity

The chemical structure of newly synthesized cationic surfactants based on Schiff base was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and mass spectroscopy.The synthesized surfactants were used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a simple one-step method.The silver nanoparticle（AgNPs） formation was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,electron diffraction（SAED）,dynamic light scattering（DLS）,and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）.The structure of the surfactant played an important role in the synthesis process.Increasing the hydrophobic chain length,the stability,and the amount of surfactant increased the quantity of AgNPs formed.The surface activity of the synthesized cationic surfactants was determined using surface tension measurements at three different temperatures.The synthesized surfactants showed a high tendency toward adsorption and micellization.Increasing the hydrophobic chain length of the synthesized surfactant increased its adsorption.Screening the synthesized cationic surfactants and their nano-form against bacteria and fungi showed that they are highly effective.The silver nanoparticles enhanced the biological activity of the synthesized cationic surfactants.