Response to endoscopic therapy for biliary anastomotic strictures in deceased versus living donor liver transplantation

BACKGROUND:Endoscopic therapy has been successful in the management of biliary complications after both deceased donor liver transplantation(DDLT) and living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).LDLT is thought to be associated with higher rates of biliary complications,but there are few studies comparing the success of endoscopic management of anastomotic strictures between the two groups.This study aims to compare our experience in the endoscopic management of anastomotic strictures in DDLT versus LDLT.METHODS:This is a retrospective database review of all liver transplant patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) after liver transplantation.The frequency of anastomotic stricture and the time to develop and to resolve anastomotic stricture were compared between DDLT and LDLT.The response of anastomotic stricture to endoscopic therapy was also analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 362 patients underwent liver transplantation between 2003 and 2011,with 125 requiring ERCP to manage biliary complications.Thirty-three(9.9%) cases of DDLT and 8(27.6%) of LDLT(P=0.01) were found to have anastomotic stricture.When comparing DDLT and LDLT,there was no difference in the mean time to the development of anastomotic strictures(98±17 vs 172±65 days,P=0.11),likelihood of response to ERCP [22(66.7%) vs 6(75.0%),P=0.69],mean time to the resolution of anastomotic strictures(268±77 vs 125±37 days,P=0.34),and the number of ERCPs required to achieve resolution(3.9±0.4 vs 4.7±0.9,P=0.38).CONCLUSIONS:Endoscopic therapy is effective in the majority of biliary complications relating to liver transplantation.Anastomotic strictures occur more frequently in LDLT compared with DDLT,with equivalent endoscopic treatment response and outcomes for both groups.

Endoscopic treatment of biliopancreatic pathology in patients with Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy surgical variants: Lessons learned from single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERCP

Background: Endoscopic treatment of biliopancreatic pathology is challenging due to surgically altered anatomy after Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(SBE-ERCP) to treat biliopancreatic pathology in patients with Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy surgical variants. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 106 SBE-ERCP procedures in 46 patients with Whipple's variants. Technical and clinical success rates and adverse events were evaluated. Results: Biliary SBE-ERCP was performed in 34 patients and pancreatic SBE-ERCP in 17, including 5 with both indications. From a total of 106 SBE-ERCP procedures, 76 were biliary indication with technical success rate of 68/76(90%) procedures and clinical success rate of 30/34(88%) patients. Mild adverse event rate was 8/76(11%), without serious adverse events. From a total of 106 SBE-ERCP procedures, 30 were pancreatic indication with technical success rate of 24/30(80%) procedures( P = 0.194 vs. biliary SBEERCP) and clinical success rate of 11/17(65%) patients( P = 0.016 vs. biliary SBE-ERCP). Mild adverse event rate was 6/30(20%)( P = 0.194 vs. biliary SBE-ERCP), without serious adverse events. After SBE-ERCP failure, endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage, percutaneous drainage and redo surgery were alternative therapeutic options. Conclusions: Biliopancreatic pathology after Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy variants can be treated using SBE-ERCP without serious adverse events. Technical and clinical success rates are high for biliary indications, whereas clinical success rate of pancreatic indications is significantly lower. SBE-ERCP can be considered as first-line treatment option in this patient group with surgically altered anatomy.

Successful endoscopic closure of a colonic perforation one day after endoscopic mucosal resection of a lesion in the transverse colon

A 73-year-old man underwent endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) of a 20-mm flat elevated lesion on the transverse colon. The morning after the procedure, he started to have severe right upper quadrant pain after his first meal. A computed tomography scan revealed free air and a stomach filled with food. He was diagnosed to have delayed post-EMR intestinal perforation. He underwent emergent colonoscopy and clipping of the perforated site. He was discharged 8 d after the endoscopic closure without the need for surgical intervention. The meal was not the cause of the colon transversum perforation.

Sino-nasal outcome Test-22 and Lund–Mackay CT score to select endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis

Objectives:Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the common diseases that cause morbidity and affects a person's quality of life.We tried to provide a more appropriate and effective approach to selecting patients for endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods:The study population is chronic rhinosinusitis children referred to the ear,nose,and throat clinic of two general hospitals in Tehran,Iran,who have previously undergone sufficient drug treatment and have not recovered.The Lund–Mackay score is calculated by examining the computed tomography(CT)scan.The Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22(SNOT-22)questionnaire was provided to the patients before the operation,after the operation,and 3 and 6 months later in the clinic.Results:Before the operation,the most SNOT-22 score people were in the range of 40–59 points.The SNOT-22 score before the operation is significantly different from 3 and 6 months after the operation.The highest frequency of Lund–Mackay CT(LMCT)scan score was in the range of 18–23 points.The LMCT scan score did not show any significant relationship with the SNOT-22 score before surgery,3 months,and 6 months after surgery.Sensitivity to aspirin had a significant relationship with SNOT-22 scores and the history of asthma and nasal polyps had a significant relationship with the preoperative LMCT scan score.Conclusions:The LMCT scan scoring system cannot be a good measure of chronic rhinosinusitis severity or the prognosis of patients after surgery.The SNOT-22 questionnaire can be used as a predictive tool to help the doctor and the patient in deciding to operate and the possibility of obtaining a relative recovery.

Endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/T1b esophageal neoplasms: A systematic review

AIM: To investigate potential therapeutic recommendations for endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/ T1b esophageal neoplasms. METHODS: A thorough search of electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library, from 1997 up to January 2011 was performed. An analysis was carried out, pooling the effects of outcomes of 4241 patients enrolled in 80 retrospective studies. For comparisons across studies, each reporting on only one endoscopic method, we used a random effects meta-regression of the log-odds of the outcome of treatment in each study. "Neural networks" as a data mining technique was employed in order to establish a prediction model of lymph node status in superficial submucosal esophageal carcinoma. Another data mining technique, the "feature selection and root cause analysis", was used to identify the most impor-tant predictors of local recurrence and metachronous cancer development in endoscopically resected patients, and lymph node positivity in squamous carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) separately in surgically resected patients. RESULTS: Endoscopically resected patients: Low grade dysplasia was observed in 4% of patients, high grade dysplasia in 14.6%, carcinoma in situ in 19%, mucosal cancer in 54%, and submucosal cancer in 16% of patients. There were no significant differences between endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the following parameters: complications, patients submitted to surgery, positive margins, lymph node positivity, local recurrence and metachronous cancer. With regard to piecemeal resection, ESD performed better since the number of cases was significantly less [coefficient: -7.709438, 95%CI: (-11.03803, -4.380844), P < 0.001]; hence local recurrence rates were significantly lower [coefficient: -4.033528, 95%CI: (-6.151498, -1.915559),P < 0.01]. A higher rate of esophageal stenosis was observed following ESD [coefficient: 7.322266, 95%CI: (3.810146, 10.83439), P < 0.001]. A significantly greater number of SCC patients were submitted to surgery (log-odds, ADC: -2.1206 ± 0.6249 vs SCC: 4.1356 ± 0.4038, P < 0.05). The odds for re-classification of tumor stage after endoscopic resection were 53% and 39% for ADC and SCC, respectively. Local tumor recurrence was best predicted by grade 3 differentiation and piecemeal resection, metachronous cancer development by the carcinoma in situ component, and lymph node positivity by lymphovascular invasion. With regard to surgically resected patients: Significant differences in patients with positive lymph nodes were observed between ADC and SCC [coefficient: 1.889569, 95%CI: (0.3945146, 3.384624), P<0.01). In contrast, lymphovascular and microvascular invasion and grade 3 patients between histologic types were comparable, the respective rank order of the predictors of lymph node positivity was: Grade 3, lymphovascular invasion (L+), microvascular invasion (V+), submucosal (Sm) 3 invasion, Sm2 invasion and Sm1 invasion. Histologic type (ADC/SCC) was not included in the model. The best predictors for SCC lymph node positivity were Sm3 invasion and (V+). For ADC, the most important predictor was (L+). CONCLUSION: Local tumor recurrence is predicted by grade 3, metachronous cancer by the carcinoma insitu component, and lymph node positivity by L+. T1b cancer should be treated with surgical resection.

单侧双通道内镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及去骨量分析

目的:比较单侧双通道内镜(unilateral biportal endoscopic,UBE)和椎板小开窗术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)的临床疗效及骨去除量。方法:回顾性分析2019年12月至2021年12月收治的105例单节段LDH患者,其中54例接受UBE治疗(UBE组),男32例,女22例,年龄18~50(38.7±9.3)岁;L4-529例,L5S125例。51例接受椎板小开窗术式治疗(椎板小开窗组),男27例,女24例,年龄18~50(39.9±10.0)岁;L4,525例,L5S126例。观察并比较两组手术时间、术后下床时间、住院时间等围手术期指标,分别于术前和术后1、3、6、12个月比较两组腰腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI),并采用改良MacNab标准进行临床疗效评价。比较两组下关节突椎板复合体骨去除量和保留率。结果:105例患者均顺利完成手术。两组均获得随访,时间6~12(10.69±2.49)个月。UBE组手术时间、术后下床时间、住院时间分别为(58.20±5.54)min、(2.40±0.57)d、(3.80±0.61)d,椎板小开窗组分别为(62.90±7.14)min、(4.40±0.64)d、(4.40±0.64)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后腰痛、腿痛VAS、ODI均较术前明显降低(P<0.05)。UBE组术后1个月腰痛VAS(1.37±0.49)分低于椎板小开窗组(2.45±0.64)分(t=9.745,P<0.05)。UBE组术后1、3个月ODI分别为(28.54±3.31)%、(22.87±3.23)%,均低于椎板小开窗组(36.31±9.08)%、(29.90±8.36)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他时间点两组腰腿痛VAS、ODI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时根据改良MacNab标准,UBE组优49例,良3例,可2例;椎板小开窗组中优35例,良12例,可4例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.321,P<0.05)。UBE组下关节突椎板复合体骨去除量为L4,5节段(0.45±0.08)cm3、L5S1节段(0.31±0.08)cm3;椎板小开窗组L4,5节段(0.57±0.07)cm3、L5S1节段(0.49±0.04)cm3,同一节段UBE组下关节突椎板复合体骨去除量少于椎板小开窗组(P<0.05)。UBE组下关节突椎板复合体保留率为L4,5节段(0.73±0.04)、L5S1节段(0.83±0.03);椎板小开窗组L4,5节段(0.68±0.06),L5S1节段(0.74±0.04),同一节段UBE组下关节突椎板复合体保留率高于椎板小开窗组(P<0.05)。结论:UBE技术与椎板小开窗术治疗LDH均能达到良好的临床效果,但UBE具有创伤更小、效率更高、术后恢复更快及对骨性结构破坏更小等优势。

耳内镜中耳日间手术可行性分析

目的探究耳内镜中耳日间手术的安全性、有效性。方法回顾性选取2021年2月至2022年2月安徽医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的耳内镜中耳手术患者604例,根据手术方式分日间组257例和传统组347例,比较两组住院时间、术后并发症发生率、术后干耳时间、术后气骨导差、气骨导差差值、满意度。结果日间组平均住院时间短于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。日间组术后眩晕、耳鸣、干耳时间与传统组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后气骨导差(air-bone gap,ABG)均低于本组术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。日间组术后同术型ABG、ABG差值、听力改善率、鼓膜愈合率与传统组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。日间组护理服务评分、医生服务评分、诊疗过程评分、总体满意度评分与传统组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),日间组入出院指导评分高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论耳内镜中耳日间手术的开展可在保证相同疗效和医疗安全的前提下减少住院时间,提高住院满意度。

椎板间入路脊柱内镜髓核摘除术联合纤维环修复技术在青年腰椎间盘突出症中应用的疗效分析

目的探讨椎板间入路脊柱内镜髓核摘除术(PEID)联合纤维环修复技术在青年患者腰椎间盘突出症中的应用及临床疗效。方法收集2022年1月至2023年6月青岛大学附属医院骨科治疗的青年腰椎间盘突出症患者资料127例;其中67例单纯行PEID(非缝合组),60例行PEID联合纤维环缝合术(缝合组)。记录患者一般情况、手术时间及术后复发情况;收集手术录像,评估术中镜下纤维环破损情况;采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),分别在术前、术后1 d、1周、3个月及1年,对患者的手术疗效进行评价。术后第1天复查腰椎MR以评估突出椎间盘组织摘除的彻底性及神经减压的充分性。结果相比于非缝合组缝合组患者手术时间相对增加;纤维环边缘不均质高信号区域明显减少;椎间盘突出回缩程度更加显著;术后1 d、1周VAS评分改善明显;术后1年神经根支配区感觉障碍残留比例更低(P<0.05)。结论PEID联合纤维环缝合技术可实现纤维环一期闭合及神经周围环境重塑,缓解术后短期疼痛,减少远期神经支配区异常感觉残留,具有更加良好的临床疗效。

浅表食管癌内镜黏膜下剥离术与外科手术疗效对比的研究进展

浅表食管癌(SEC)的传统治疗以内镜治疗和外科手术治疗为主。外科手术是食管肿瘤治疗的标准方法,但其围手术期并发症发生率和病死率均较高。近年来,内镜黏膜下剥离术已取得较大进展,为SEC患者提供了有效的诊断和治疗方法。本文就SEC内镜黏膜下剥离术与外科手术的疗效对比和超出内镜黏膜下剥离术适应证的SEC的治疗策略作一综述,以期提高临床医师对SEC治疗的认知。

采用全脊柱内镜与通道下椎板开窗治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症术后残留腰痛的对比研究

目的观察全脊柱内镜与通道下椎板开窗治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症患者术后残留腰痛的改善情况。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年12月期间在天津大学天津医院脊柱外科与漯河市中心医院脊柱外科共收治的482例腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料,根据纳入和排除标准,纳入82例,按照手术方式分为经皮内镜椎板间入路腰椎间盘切除术组(PEID)、经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘切除术组(PTED)和通道下椎板开窗髓核切除术组(FD)。所有病例均行腰椎正侧位X线、腰椎动力位X线、腰椎CT平扫及腰椎MRI平扫检查,影像学显示椎间盘向椎管内偏一侧突出或脱出,硬膜囊及同侧神经根受压。采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价患者腰椎功能;腰痛及患肢疼痛的改善情况采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价。比较3组的手术时间、透视次数、住院时间、不同随访时间的改善率。结果手术时间PEID组小于FD组和PTED组(P<0.05),透视次数PTED组多于FD组和PEID组(P<0.05),住院时间FD组长于PTED组和PEID组(P<0.05),术后1、3、6个月腰痛VAS评分PTED组和PEID组小于FD组(P<0.05),术后1、3、6个月腰痛VAS评分改善率PTED组和PEID组大于FD组(P<0.05)。术后即刻和术后1个月随访时,PEID组PTED组ODI评分明显低于FD组(P<0.05)。结论与通道下FD对比,PEID和PTED治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症可缩短术后腰痛持续时间,减少术后恢复工作的时间。

不同年龄段矢状缝早闭的手术治疗探讨

矢状缝早闭是最常见的颅缝早闭类型,不同月龄矢状缝早闭的手术理念、手术方式均存在差异,术中需要进行个体化调整的手术细节也相对繁杂。本文结合国内外文献及笔者手术经验,对不同月龄矢状缝早闭的手术治疗进行探讨,提出基于单中心经验的矢状缝早闭标准术式。

十二指肠镜治疗儿童无明显胆管扩张型胰胆管合流异常的疗效及预后分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜治疗无明显胆管扩张型胰胆管合流异常(pancreaticobiliary maljunction without obvious biliary dilatation,PBM-nonOBD)患儿的手术疗效及预后不良相关因素。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属儿科医院自2020年1月至2022年12月收治的内镜治疗PBM-nonOBD患儿的临床资料(包括人口学资料、临床症状、实验室检查及影像学资料),并对患儿进行随访。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析十二指肠镜治疗PBM-nonOBD患儿不良预后的危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析相关危险因素的预测价值。结果本研究共纳入44例患儿,随访时间(19.7±8.6)个月,治愈率为54.5%(24/44),其中治疗有效24例(为治疗有效组),治疗无效20例(为治疗无效组)。术后不良事件以十二指肠镜逆行性胆胰管造影术后胰腺炎最常见(7/44,15.9%),其中27.3%(12/44)的患儿最终需接受根治术,15.9%(7/44)的患儿需接受再次内镜治疗。治疗有效组胰胆管合流异常(pancreaticobiliary maljunction,PBM)分型以B型和D型为主,占比分别为41.7%(10/24)和37.5%(9/24)。单因素分析结果显示,年龄偏小、胰胆共同管直径较长、胆总管最宽直径较宽是PBM-nonOBD患儿内镜手术后预后不良的相关因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄偏小(OR=1.645,95%CI:1.645~2.309)及胰胆共同管直径较长(OR=0.720,95%CI:0.720~0.968)是PBM-nonOBD患儿预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05),曲线下面积(area under the ROC curve,AUC)分别为0.838(95%CI:0.719~0.958)和0.731(95%CI:0.567~0.894),最佳截断值分别为4.9岁和8.8 mm。结论十二指肠镜手术创伤小,不会导致严重并发症,可有效缓解部分PBM-nonOBD患儿症状;年龄偏小和胰胆共同管长度较长可能与十二指肠镜治疗PBM-nonOBD预后不良相关。

双侧第四鳃裂畸形1例并文献复习

目的探讨第四鳃裂畸形的诊断与治疗方法。方法对1例颈部双侧第四鳃裂畸形的患者临床资料进行总结与文献回顾分析。结果患者,17岁,男性,颈部无痛性肿块10年,专科检查:颈前偏右皮下可触及一肿块,大小约4.0 cm×3.0 cm,边界清楚,形态规则,质软,触有波动感,无明显压痛。颈前偏左可见一大小约0.5 cm×0.5 cm的瘘口,瘘口可见黄色清亮液体流出,周围皮肤局部红肿,皮肤表面温度升高;计算机断层扫描检查示:右侧锁骨上区、颈前区见类圆形囊性低密度影,大小约4.4 cm×3.4 cm,其内片絮状等密度影,边缘见结节状钙化,周围脂肪间隙模糊,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化,内容物未见明显强化;其左侧可见直径约1.4 cm类圆形结节影,增强扫描环形强化,周围皮肤增厚,皮下脂肪间隙模糊;双侧颈部见多发小淋巴结显示,较大者短径约0.8 cm;甲状腺大小、形态未见明显异常,其内未见明显异常密度影。入院诊断为右颈部第四鳃裂囊肿,左颈部第四鳃裂瘘管。在全麻静脉复合麻醉下行右侧鳃裂囊肿切除术+左侧鳃裂瘘管切除术。术后病理检查提示为右鳃裂囊肿,左鳃裂瘘管。伤口I期愈合,术后随访6个月无复发。文献回顾复习结果表明,第四鳃裂畸形是鳃器的先天性发育异常,发生率仅占所有鳃裂畸形的1%,常发生于左侧。解剖学位置常位于颈根部、锁骨上区,表现为与甲状腺相毗邻的囊肿或窦道。通过其解剖学位置、影像学检查或喉镜检查结合术后病理结果明确诊断,需要与颈部肿块如甲状舌管囊肿、淋巴结转移瘤等相鉴别。主要治疗手段为外科手术和内窥镜烧灼内瘘口,预后一般较好,有复发风险,但很少发生癌变。结论第四鳃裂畸形十分罕见,应早期识别,避免过多无效的手术引流,减少切除时的潜在并发症并彻底切除病变防止复发。

手术平台建设与发展及术式创新在推进结直肠外科发展中的作用

随着医学技术的进步,结直肠外科从传统手术过渡到了微创手术,显著提升了手术的安全性与有效性,同时提高了患者的康复速度和生活质量。腹腔镜和机器人手术技术的引入,为结直肠外科手术提供了更精确的操作平台,减少了手术风险及手术创伤。术式创新如经自然腔道取标本手术进一步减少了手术创伤。这些进展不仅推动了结直肠外科技术的革新,而且为患者带来了更佳的治疗效果。该文探讨了手术平台的建设与术式创新对结直肠外科发展的影响。

Open surgical treatment of choledochocele: A case report and review of literature

Choledochocele （also known as type？Ⅲ？ choledochal cyst according to Todani’s classifcation） is a cystic dilation of the distal segment of the common bile duct protru-ding into the duodenal lumen. Cases are rare and the etiology remains unclear. It is usually misdiagnosed as peptic ulcer, as in the patient whose case is described here. Multislice spiral computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography may be comparable to endoscopic retrograde cholangiogra-phy for diagnosis of choledochocele. Both endoscopic therapy and open surgical management are safe options, and size of the cyst plays a role in the decision-making for which approach to apply. A 50-year-old woman admitted to our hospital with upper abdominal pain caused by choledochocele with large size was successfully treated by open surgical management. We present the details of her case in this case report and discuss the recent literature on such cases and their therapeutic management.

Techniques and applications of endoscopic spine surgery.Part Ⅰ:overview of current techniques

Background Spinal pain is a serious health and social-economic problem.Endoscopic spine surgery as a treatment option for spinal pain has gained tremendous attention and growth in the past 2 decades,and a variety of endoscopic techniques have been invented to treat a wide range of spinal conditions.Purposes The purposes of this 2-part review article are to 1) overview the published techniques of endoscopic spine surgery,2) summarize the applications of these techniques in treating various spinal conditions,and 3) evaluate the clinical evidence of the safety and effectiveness of these endoscopic techniques in treating some of the most common spinal conditions.The first part of the review article provides an overview of currently most commonly used techniques.Methods We searched the PubMed database for publications concerning endoscopic spine surgery and reviewed the relevant articles published in the English language.Results Discectomy and foraminotomy are the most common types of spine surgery that can currently be done endoscopically.Endoscopic techniques have been used to treat a wide range of spinal disorders located in the lumbar,cervical,as well as the thoracic regions of the spine.

单边双通道内镜技术治疗腰椎术后邻近节段病变的早期疗效观察

目的:探讨单边双通道内镜技术治疗腰椎术后邻近节段病变的早期临床疗效。方法:2019年6月至2020年6月采用单边双通道内镜技术治疗腰椎术后邻近节段病变患者14例,其中男9例,女5例,年龄52~73岁,2次手术间隔时间19~64个月。腰椎融合术后邻近节段退变患者10例,腰椎非融合固定术后4例;均采用单边双通道内镜辅助下后路单侧椎板开窗椎管减压术或者经单侧入路潜行减压至对侧。观察手术时间、术后住院时间及并发症情况,记录术前、术后3 d及术后3、6个月随访时腰痛和腿痛的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI),以及改良的日本矫形外科学会腰椎功能(modified Japanese Orthopedic Association,mJOA)评分。结果:所有手术顺利完成。手术时间32~151 min。术后CT示减压充分,大部分关节突关节得以保留。术后1~3 d下床行走,术后住院时间为1~8 d。术后随访时间为6~11个月。14例患者术后3周内均恢复正常生活,术后3 d及3、6个月患者的腰腿痛VAS、ODI、mJOA评分均明显改善。1例术后出现脑脊液漏,给予局部加压缝合切口,保守治疗后伤口愈合;1例术后出现马尾神经损伤表现,康复治疗后于1个月左右逐步恢复;1例术后出现下肢一过性疼痛加重,给予激素、脱水药物和对症处理,症状减轻,于术后7 d症状缓解。结论:单边双通道内镜技术用于治疗腰椎术后邻近节段病变的早期临床效果优良,为邻近节段病变的治疗提供了新的微创、非固定的选择。

经颈侧胸锁乳突肌后下入路无注气腔镜甲状腺手术

目的探究经颈侧胸锁乳突肌后下入路无注气腔镜甲状腺手术的有效性与安全性。方法回顾性分析2022年12月~2023年3月收治的10例行经颈侧胸锁乳突肌后下入路无注气腔镜甲状腺手术患者,所有患者行术前穿刺活检考虑甲状腺乳头状癌,记录患者手术时间、出血量、术后恢复、并发症及随访情况。结果10例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间4 h 39 min,平均出血量16 ml,平均术后住院时间4.6 d,无明显并发症,术后随访3个月,未诉明显颈部不适。结论经颈侧胸锁乳突肌后下入路无注气腔镜甲状腺手术安全性良好,患者术后恢复快,外观满意度高,颈部舒适感好。

妇科微创手术理念及经阴道手术未来

微创外科的发展经历了近百年的历史,涉及临床所有专业,在手术治疗中尤为突出。妇科微创技术主要通过经阴道手术、内镜技术及介入治疗实现。内镜技术从最初的宫腔镜、腹腔镜检查,发展到如今在宫腔镜、腹腔镜下几乎可以完成各种妇科疾病的治疗。放射及超声等介入治疗也是微创手术不可或缺的措施。然而各种术式均有其利弊,随着微创理念的深入,经阴道手术的价值越来越被临床医师及患者肯定。经阴道手术在全子宫切除术、子宫肌瘤剔除、盆底重建方面优势明显。经阴道手术的适应证也随着手术技能的提高而不断扩展,势必会在未来手术中得到更广泛的应用。临床医师应该掌握各种手术方式,又要彰显自己的特长,针对具体疾病选择最适宜的手术方案,在保证手术效果及安全性的前提下,尽量选择微创手术,使患者受益。

达芬奇机器人辅助腔镜手术在小儿膈肌内隔离肺治疗中的应用

目的总结机器人辅助腔镜技术在小儿膈肌内隔离肺手术治疗中的应用经验。方法回顾性分析2020年5月至2022年8月浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院收治的10例膈肌内隔离肺患儿临床资料,其中男4例、女6例,年龄6个月至5岁,中位年龄11个月,体重(10.97±3.07)kg。除2例为体检偶然发现外,其余8例均于产前胎儿超声检查过程中发现。10例隔离肺均位于左侧膈肌内,术前胸部增强CT检查均发现腹主动脉分支供血的膈肌内异常软组织,考虑为膈肌内隔离肺,收集所有患儿手术情况及治疗结果。结果10例均经机器人辅助腔镜手术治愈。其中经胸手术8例,经腹手术2例,手术时间(91.50±31.18)min,术中均证实隔离肺位于膈肌内,予切开部分膈肌,结扎滋养血管后取出病灶,缝合膈肌组织。术后住院时间(4.30±1.06)d,均获随访(随访时间1~6个月),均生长发育良好。结论手术切除是膈肌内隔离肺的主要治疗方法,经胸操作是首选,机器人手术系统用于儿童膈肌内隔离肺手术安全可行。