Eco-environment Evolution and Its Sustainable Development Strategies in Western China

Natural condition in Western China is relatively poor and regional economy level is low. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged by population growth and over-exploitation of natural resources. It is very important for coordinating the regional development and safeguarding ecological security to discuss the eco-environment evolution trend and its sustainable development strategies in Western China. Based on analyzing documents and relative research,the changes of main ecological and environmental problems in the western region,such as degradation of forest and grassland ecosystems,shrinkage of wetland,desertification,water and soil erosion,etc. were synthetically discussed. Then,according to the development trend,some countermeasures for eco-environment protection and rehabilitation and sustainable development were proposed.

Sustainable tourism development in mountain areas in Sumadija and Western Serbia

Sustainable tourism,as an integral part of sustainable development,emerged as a logical outcome of preventing the uncontrolled and excessive use of tourism resources and attractions.This study analyzes whether mountain tourism development in Serbia can be sustainable and feasible in the long term.Given the heterogeneity of mountains in Serbia in terms of tourism development,the subject of this research is the achieved level of sustainable tourism development in mountains in the most developed and most visited region in Serbia-sumadija and Western Serbia:Zlatibor,Kopaonik,Tara,Zlatar,Mokra Gora and Go?.The sustainable tourism development level was analyzed by using five groups of the EU’s comparative indicators:economic,social,cultural,environmental and tourist satisfaction indicators.The results showed that the development of tourism in the examined mountains is not fully aligned with sustainable development.The tourist satisfaction indicator has the most acceptable values,which is a good basis for further harmonization of tourism development on the principles of sustainability.Economic indicators,especially the ratio of overnight stays and accommodation capacities,show the most unacceptable values,which indicate the need for implementing changes in the process of tourism development in the coming period.The analysis of sustainable tourism in mountain areas in sumadija and the Western Serbia undoubtfully points out that it is necessary to significantly change the current tourism product portfolio,which implies harmonizing mountain tourism development with global trends.Certainly,a comparative analysis that looks at the degree of sustainability of mountain tourism in some countries of the Alpine region,such as Switzerland,Austria and Slovenia,contributes to this.The more intensive development of tourism throughout the year would significantly improve indicators of sustainable tourism in all analyzed mountain areas of Sumadija and Western Serbia.This would improve the value of economic indicators,which are marked as the most unsustainable.The development of tourism in the summer season,especially recreational and adventure tourism,would improve the social and cultural component of sustainable tourism.Environmental dimension of sustainable tourism would be enhanced by the development of ecotourism.By connecting spatially close mountains(Zlatibor,Zlatar,Tara and Mokra Gora)into a unique and integrated tourism destination,synergistic effects would be achieved resulting in international recognition and making the region of?umadija and Western Serbia competitive on the European market.

A Vertical and Horizontal Comparison of Sustainable Development Status in Western China from the Perspective of Ecological Footprint

On the basis of ecological footprint theory, the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of western China and 12 provinces and cities in 2009 are calculated. From the perspective of ecological footprint, the sustainable development status of west China and 12 provinces and cities in 2009 and 1999 are compared vertically and horizontally. Results assume that no matter weighting by using local or national ecological carrying capacity, the west area laid in the unsustainable development state in 2009; in 1999, the west area was on the unsustainable development stage taking the local and national level as the reference and it was at the sustainable stage at the global level. In 2009, most provinces in western China laid on the unsustainable stage at the local, national and global level. Compared with that in 2009,few provinces in western China were on the unsustainable stage at different levels. In general, the sustainable developmental momentum of western China in 2009 was weaker than that in ten years ago and many provinces and cities decreased to unsustainable state.

Philosophical Consideration about the Sustainable Development of the Economy in West China

To realize the sustainable development of the economy of West China is not merely a great economic problem, butalso a great national problem and political issue. The economic activity is a practical activity for the economic subject. Theeconomic development view, values, and the natural view of the economic subject determine the choice of the behavior of themain body in the economic activity. Only the behavior of the economic subject according with its demands could make theeconomy of west China have a sustainable development. Therefore, establishing the development view, the values and naturalview of the economic subject for sustainable development becomes a realistic problem that is worth of thinking.

川西地区生态系统服务对可持续发展目标的影响

可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals,SDGs)的实现往往会因为生态保护或人类福祉之间可能存在的权衡关系而受到阻碍。将生态系统服务(Ecosystem services,ESs)纳入到可持续发展目标的决策中能够避免各方利益的冲突,促进SDGs的实现。然而,在生态环境脆弱的山区,ESs对SDGs的贡献分析仍然不足。以川西地区为研究区,对2000—2020年11个可持续发展目标进行了量化,利用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)模型和定量指标法估算了碳固存、土壤保持和食物生产三种重要生态系统服务,并使用空间面板数据模型研究ESs对SDGs的影响及其空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)可持续发展目标水平整体提升,但SDG1(无贫穷)和SDG3(良好健康和人类福祉)表现较差,分值低于5分。从空间上看,与环境相关的SDGs在川西北高原表现更好,与社会经济相关的SDGs在川西东部和川西南山地地区表现更好。(2)川西地区碳固存和食物生产服务呈现线性增长趋势,土壤保持服务呈现波动增长趋势,分别增长了0.23×10~8t、8.93×10~5t和1.23×10~8t。(3)与土壤保持和食物生产相比,碳固存对SDGs表现出更强烈的直接影响和空间溢出效应。其中县域碳固存对本县域和邻近县域的SDG11(可持续城市和社区)和SDG1具有显著的促进作用,对SDG2(零饥饿)呈现显著负向影响。研究结果可为区域联合管理提供科学依据,推动可持续发展目标的实现。

运输行业发展之下工业经济效益的趋势研究

工业经济是发展中国家完成现代化建设的重要基础。交通运输业是西部地区经济发展的重要组成部分。为制定更加有效的经济政策,促进地区经济发展,研究探讨了运输行业发展之下工业经济效益的趋势研究。通过分析西部地区的运输行业发展和工业经济效益情况,以及探讨它们之间的关系和影响。研究发现,运输行业的发展对西部地区工业经济效益有着重要的影响,并且这种影响随着时间的推移而逐渐显现。研究将进一步深入研究这种影响,并提出相应的政策建议,以促进西部地区工业经济的持续发展。

粤西艺术乡建的现状、问题及对策

艺术参与乡村建设,用艺术振兴乡村成为乡村振兴的一条重要路径。该文从政府作为、地方高校行动和村民主体实践3方面分析粤西艺术乡建的现状,指出实施氛围、内生动力以及可持续性发展等方面存在的问题,提出艺术乡建的实施策略:充分发挥政府引领作用,给予艺术乡建多维度支持;发展特色经济产业,促进艺术乡建可持续性发展;完善乡村治理,提升艺术振兴乡村水平;优化统筹协调机制,促进城乡融合发展。研究结果表明,加强顶层设计、强化制度保障、完善协调机制和提升行动治理是促进粤西艺术乡建可持续性发展的保证,也是通过艺术全面推进粤西乡村振兴的积极举措。

Culture Diversity and Biodiversity Protection of Zhuang People in Western Guangxi

[ Objective ] The aim was to explore the relation between culture diversity and biodiversity of the Zhuang people. [ Method ] Botany in minority ethnic groups was researched based on information searching, interviewing and surveying with consideration of the importance of cultural and biological diversity. [ Result] The Zhuang culture, involving color, cuisine, geography and song, is closely related to biodiversity, and worship culture, involving plants, animals, and folk cus- tom, plays an important role in protection of biodiversity. However, biodiversity is significantly affected by some factors, including natural condition, population quality, traditional culture, wrong policies, negative effect of modern ecological culture, natural and environmental resources. [ Conclusion] It is suggested that lo- cal education should be enhanced to absorb modem science＆technology, to promote the concept of confirming to nature and of harmonious development and to achieve sustainable development in western of Guangxi.

甘肃省核技术应用产业可持续发展战略研究

甘肃省是全国核工业建设早、规模大的省份之一,在发展核技术应用产业方向有着良好的工业基础和科研优势,在国家核产业二次战略布局中优势突出。从现状来看,甘肃具有政策优势、区域优势、资源优势等发展基础,也存在体制僵硬、市场冲击、人才流失等多种制约因素,这些因素严重阻碍了甘肃省核产业的高质量发展。如何扬长补短、抓住机遇,实现甘肃核技术应用产业高水平、高质量、可持续发展成为亟待解决的问题。本研究在实地调研的基础上,系统梳理甘肃省核技术发展的优势和瓶颈,凝练出甘肃核技术应用产业可持续发展的战略路线,为制定甘肃省核技术及产业可持续发展规划,推动甘肃省从核大省到核强省的转变提供参考依据。

国际冰冻圈研究动态和我国冰冻圈研究的现状与展望

介绍了世界气候研究计划(WCRP)/气候与冰冻圈(CliC)计划所代表的国际冰冻圈研究基本特点与未来趋势;分析了我国冰冻圈独特的区域特点,阐明我国冰冻圈是维系干旱区绿洲经济发展和确保寒区生态系统稳定的重要水源保障,其气候效应、环境效应、资源效应和生态效应正日趋显著并广泛地影响到西部生态与环境安全和水资源持续利用,因而不仅具有科学上的重要性,而且具有国家战略需求上的紧迫性。提出未来我国冰冻圈研究应重点加强冰冻圈过程研究、记录研究、冰冻圈与气候模拟、冰冻圈与水资源以及冰冻圈变化的影响、适应与对策综合评估等5个方面的工作,逐步完善并形成我国冰冻圈科学体系。

基于能值分析方法的中国西部地区农业生态系统可持续发展研究

为更深入了解中国西部12个省、市、自治区农业生态系统的网络运行效率和发展潜力的空间差异,正确评价区域内农业生态系统对太阳能资源的利用现状与其可持续发展情况,利用能值分析方法对该区域农业生态系统的能值投入产出情况、环境承载情况和生态系统运行情况做了定量分析,结合GIS,对区域内各省、市、自治区农业生态系统综合发展水平进行等级划分和空间差异分析.结果表明:西藏、青海和新疆是最具发展潜力的地区,其可持续发展性能(EIS)大于3.0;四川、重庆、云南、广西和甘肃,环境负载较高,发展潜力较差,EIS均小于0.5;内蒙古、宁夏、陕西和贵州则处于中间地带,EIS介于0.5和3.0之间.

辽宁省朝阳市农业生态经济系统能值分析

应用能值分析的方法,研究了以辽宁省朝阳市为代表的辽西半干旱区农业生态经济系统的能值投入及产出结构,并通过计算、对比能值评价指标,分析了朝阳市农业生态经济系统的发展现状。结果表明,对自然资源的过度利用造成了当地生态环境条件的恶化,由此产生不可更新自然资源的流失以及产出能值的损失;对可更新有机能的不充分利用也是造成当地资源浪费和环境破坏的重要原因。

西部资源型城市经济转型面临的挑战与机遇

除资源型城市经济转型发展的一般问题外 ,西部资源型城市还面临诸如交通条件差、水资源短缺、生态环境严酷、文化观念落后以及科技含量低和人才短缺等特殊的制约 ,但同时西部资源型城市的经济转型又面临前所未有的发展机遇。抢抓发展机遇 ,迎接挑战 ,发挥比较优势 ,建设两个生态环境 ,营造经济转型环境 ,积极主动地实施经济转型是西部资源型城市可持续发展的战略选择。

西部退耕还林工程可持续发展能力评价——以云南省鹤庆县、贵州省织金县和四川省朝天区为例

在理解退耕还林工程可持续发展能力内涵的基础上,从环境、经济、社会、智力四大系统的支持能力入手,建立退耕还林工程可持续发展能力评价指标体系;以云南省鹤庆县、贵州省织金县和四川省朝天区为例,采用层次分析法对退耕还林工程可持续发展能力进行评价。评价结果显示工程的可持续发展能力处于一般水平,其中经济系统对工程可持续发展的支持能力最弱;在探明实施中制约工程有效性和持续性的社会变量的基础上,提出工程可持续发展的若干对策。

区域经济联系强度的分形特征分析及其在我国西部地区的应用

针对我国西部地区人地复合系统的特征,将分形方法引入区域经济系统的研究中,通过对区域内城市间经济联系强度模型的推导,确定了其在空间的分形特征。并以新疆阿克苏地区为例,计算了区域内城市(也包括县)间的经济联系强度;对比分形的自相似性基本特征,分析了阿克苏地区经济联系强度的空间分布情况,得到了对区域规划有指导作用的启示。

中国西部地区生态环境演变及可持续发展对策

我国西部地区自然条件较为恶劣、区域经济水平较低,人口增长和自然资源的过度开发使生态环境遭到严重的破坏。探讨我国西部生态环境演变趋势及对策对于协调发展与保护的关系、保障我国生态安全具有重要意义。在分析已有研究成果的基础上,该研究探讨了西部地区森林和草地生态系统退化、湿地萎缩、沙漠化、水土流失等主要生态环境问题的演变规律,并根据其发展的趋势,提出了西部地区生态环境整治以及可持续发展的对策。

退耕还林工程可持续发展能力评价指标体系研究——以西部为例

在探讨退耕还林工程可持续发展能力内涵的基础上,从环境、经济、社会、智力四大系统的支持能力入手,建立退耕还林工程可持续发展能力评价指标体系;根据相关指标的内涵,对各指标的影响因子及计算方法进行分析;依据据距离函数模型的基本要求,提出选择参照值的思路。