Construction of the Classification and Grading Index System of Cultivated Land Based on the Viewpoint of Sustainable Development

In order to objectively and reasonably evaluate the actual and potential value of cultivated land, both social and ecological values are introduced into the classification and grading index system of cultivated land based on the viewpoint of sustainable development, after considering the natural and economic values of cultivated land. Index system construction of the sustainable utilization of cultivated land should follow the principles of economic viability, social acceptability, and ecological protection. Classification of cultivated land should take into account the soil fertility of cultivated land. Then, grading of cultivated land is carried out from the practical productivity (or potential productivity) of cultivated land. According to the existing classification index system of cultivated land, the soil, natural and environmental factors in plains, mountains and hills are mainly modified in the classification index system of cultivated land. And index systems for the cultivated land classification in plains, mountains and hills are set up. The grading index system of cultivated land is established based on the economic viability (economic value), social acceptability (social value) and protection of cultivated land (ecological value). Quantitative expression of cultivated land grading index is also carried out.

Exploration and Practice on Index System of Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Shennongjia, Hubei Province

This paper combined sustainable development theory, economic theory and ecology theory with the index system establishment of sustainable development experimental area. Based on the four subsystems(economy, society, resource and environment) the evaluation of sustainable development experimental area was established. And evaluation indicators system selected 29 specific indicators to characterize the sustainable development of the experimental area capacity. Taking Shennongjia as an example, the sustainable development index data of Shennongjia in 2009-2013 were analyzed and calculated based on constructing the sustainable development system, and the comprehensive coordination indexes was used to characterize Shennongjia as the sustainable development. The sustainable development index of Shennongjia in the recent five years was between 53.37 and 62.77. It was expected that the construction of the sustainable development experimental area should be guided by the scientific development concept. Social development should enhance the concept of sustainable development from top to bottom, change the growth mode, get rational development, take effective protection of resources and the environment, start the development of circular economy to build a low consumption, less emissions and sustainable economic development system.

Research on index system of sustainable development of telecom operator

Considering the characteristics of the communication industry,the sustainable development requirements of the enterprise,the synergy between current and future development and the external stakeholder interest of the enterprise,the sustainable development index system of telecom operator was constructed with three aspects: operation management ability,innovation development ability and strategic leading ability. The index system was designed and a careful case of a telecom operator and its subsidiaries was also studied. The design elements and assessment requirements of the index were also presented clearly. The evaluation and analysis of the index can help enterprises effectively identify the key shortcomings of sustainable development,and better improve the sustainable development ability.

Establishment of Evaluation Index for the Sustainable Development Capability of Regional Economy

Combining the basic theory of regional economics and economics of development,the sustainable development capability of regional economy is expounded;the meaning of sustainable development,the connotation of the sustainable development of regional economy and the specific qualitative of the developmental capability of regional economy are introduced.Various factors that affect the sustainable development of regional economy,such as the sustainable capability of resources,innovation ability and institutional capability,are analyzed at length.On the basis,the evaluation index system of sustainable development capability of regional economy,so as to provide directions for regional economy from the long-term perspective.

Developing a quantitative index system for assessing sustainable forestry management in Heilongjiang Province,China： a case study

In this study, we developed a comprehensive index system for forestry sustainability of Heilongjiang Province, which includes forest resources sustainability,sustainable economic development, sustainable social development and sustainable advancement in science and technology. Based on this system and the regional forest development, we further evaluated the sustainability of Heilongjiang Province for year 2008-2013. The results show that even though the regional forestry has been preliminarily on the track of sustainable development, it is fragile. Four indicators, e.g. soil and water retention rate,forest stand growth（per unit area）, the proportion of national investment and the annual carbon sequestration have important impact on the sustainability, with a weight of 39.0 % in all the indicators. We also analyzed the factors hindering the sustainable development. It turns out that soil and water retention rate, forest stand growth（per unit area）,the proportion of science and technology funds, per capita GDP and the proportion of the tertiary industry production are the main factors hindering regional sustainable development, which accounts for 50.94 % of the total obstacle degrees in the system. At last, we discussed how to promote the regional sustainable development from the perspectives of forest resources sustainability, economic development sustainability, society development sustainability and the sustainable advancement of science and technology.

Sustainable Urban Development Evaluation of Shanghai:An Ecological Wellbeing Performance Perspective

Against the backdrop of aggravating resource and environment restriction,it is an inevitable choice to adopt the sustainable development pattern to maximize social well-being within the ecological threshold.From the perspective of ecological well-being performance,ecological footprint per capita and human development index were selected to construct the evaluation index system for sustainable urban development,and DEA applied to calculate the input-output efficiency,so as to analyze the sustainable development level of Shanghai from 1999 to 2012.The results showed that①human development index,ecological footprint per capita of Shanghai grew in step with economic development,but ecological footprint per capita level exceeded the ecological carrying capacity,thus the overall ecological conditions remained in the state of worsening "deficit";②ecological well-being performance of Shanghai in most years remained in the DEA ineffective state,and the scale return had decreased gradually since 2005.In addition,the paper gave pertinent suggestions.

Are SDGs suitable for China's sustainable development assessment? An application and amendment of the SDGs Indicators in China

In order to further ensure that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to be implemented and the action measures of all countries are consistent, the United Nations has put forward a set of indicators to monitor and evaluate the progress of global sustainable development. This set of evaluation indicators is aimed for global and regional progress. An important feature of the evaluation indicators is that they are internationally comparable, but due to the large differences in the levels of sustainable development among countries, this framework of evaluation indicators has a disadvantage that it does not apply to tracking the progress of sustainable development at the national level. This paper focuses on the analysis of specific issues in the application of the global sustainable development indicators framework to meet the goals and targets of the UN and builds a system of evaluation indicators to assess the progress of sustainable development at the national level in China, and offers a perspective to assess China’s progress as well.

Relationship between multifunctionality and rural sustainable development: Insights from 129 counties of the Sichuan Province, China

Rural areas are multifunctional and often have production,living,and ecological functions.The high-quality and balanced development of these three functions is key to sustainable rural development(SRD).Thus,the evaluation of SRD based on rural multifunctionality is of immense significance.This study clarifies the rela‐tionship between multifunctionality and sustainable rural development.An evaluation index system with six sub-components was established for calculating the SRD.In addition,we included 129 counties from the Sich‐uan Province in our case study,and used this index system to analyze the characteristics of rural multifunc‐tionality for evaluating the SRD.The results showed indisputable evidence of multifunctional development.At the county level,rural multifunctionality faces the challenge of insufficient and uneven development,particu‐larly in production functions.Significant spatial differences existed in rural multifunctional development,and the suburban counties generally performed better.Moreover,a mutually reinforcing relationship between pro‐duction,living,and ecological functions was established;however,there was still a significant gap in realizing SRD.Our results emphasize the necessity of a differentiated SRD strategy that should be formulated and imple‐mented based on rural multifunctionality differentiation rules.Our study offers useful guidance for realizing rural multifunctional and sustainable development.

Evaluation of the sustainable development level of countries along the Belt and Road and its impact factors:Empirical analysis based on the Super-efficiency slacks-based measure and Tobit measure models

Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.

Assessment of urban sustainable development using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Sustainable development index evaluation system is the foundation of the study on the realization of sustain- able development, and it is also an important part to turn sustainable development into operation from philosophical idea. With the rapid economic development, problems of environmental protection appear, and the sustainable develop- ment strategy attracts more and more attention of academia and government. However, because sustainable develop- ment is a complicated and dynamic process, there is no unified index system to evaluate it at present. Based on the theories on cities and sustainable development and certain principles and guidelines, this paper filters sustainable development index, quantizes some key indexes, designs the index system made up of economy, society, environment and resources and system harmony, and comprehensively evaluates the status quo of the sustainable development of a certain area.

The Quantitative Assessment System for Brine Resource Industry Based on Sustainable Development Theory:a Case Study on Xitai-Jinaier Lake,Qinghai,China

Salt lake resource is one of preponderant and strategic mineral resources in China.Some important chemical elements contained in brine are highly significant to both agriculture security and national security.Given the

The comprehensive evaluation of sustainabledevelopment in karst regions-Taking Shishanareas in Guangxi of China as an example

This paper works out a practical evaluation method of sustainable development for theundeveloped the regions and take Shishan areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of Chinaas an example. First of all, according to the actual conditions of the karst regions in Guangxi and thetheory of regional sustainable development this paper estabishes an index system of comprehensiveevaluation, then takes twenty-eight representative cities and counties within the karst regions ofGuangxi as research objects to evaluate the level of sustainable development. It basically illustratesthe state of regional sustainable development of the karst regions in Guangxi.

Spatial-Temporal Differentiation of Sustainable Development in Cities and Counties of Hainan Province

A total of 18 cities and counties in Hainan from 2012 to 2015 were selected as the basic research units to construct an index system for evaluating the ability of sustainable development that includes four guidelines of economic development capacity, population development capacity, social support capacity, and resource utilization and environmental protection capacity. The improved entropy method was used to determine the weight, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TDPSIS) was used to calculate the capacity for sustainable development of the cities and counties and sort these cities and counties, and Arcgis10.2 was used to draw the provincewide distribution of the four guidelines. Thereupon, the author reached following conclusions: there was no big regional difference in the sustainable development capacity of cities and counties in Hainan, and they were basically in a general state of intermediate stage in the past four years; Haikou City and Sanya City, as the key cities, had a higher ability of sustainable development and had shown a remarkable capacity to drive the sustainable development of surrounding areas; according to the development level, the four guidelines were in the following order: resource utilization and environmental protection capacity, population development capacity, social support capacity, and economic development capacity.

Coupling analysis of the major impact on sustainable development of the typical arid region of Turpan in Northwest China

Analyzing the sustainable development of a given region can provide an important reference and guide for future orientation.The study selects Turpan(including Gaochang District,Shanshan County,and Toksun County)in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China as the study area and first investigates the essence of regional sustainable development.Based on the relevant data of the population,economy,and environment of Turpan from 2002 to 2018,we constructed an evaluation index system for three dimensions,namely,the population,economy,and environment,and analyzed them systematically.Specifically,we quantitatively calculated the comprehensive evaluation index,coupling degree,and coupling coordination degree of the sustainable development system of the study area.The study finds that Turpan has become increasingly sustainable and orderly;the development level has continually improved from near imbalance to positive coordination.During the study period,the government has adopted appropriate models and paths to promote positive interactions among the population,economy,and environment based on engineering techniques and ecological means.The results show that the coupling coordination degree has increased from 0.3692 to 0.8894 during the period 2002–2018,which reflects the actual situation of Turpan and indicates that the proposed analysis method can effectively measure and evaluate the level of sustainable development in this region.Moreover,the study also puts forward main functional zoning of Turpan(i.e.,Gaochang District as an optimized development zone,Shanshan County as a major agricultural production zone,and Toksun County as a key ecological function zone)and regional planning principles based on the population,economic,and environmental coupling analysis for the three jurisdictions in Turpan.

The Analysis of Human Development Index (HDI) for Categorizing the Member States of the United Nations (UN)

To categorize the nations to reflect the development status, to date, there are many conceptual frameworks. The Human Development index (HDI) that is published by the United Nations Development Programme is widely accepted and practiced by many people such as academicians, politicians, and donor organizations. However, though the development of HDI has gone through many revisions since its formulation in 1990, even the current version of the index formulation published in 2016 needs research to better understand and to gap-fill the knowledge base that can enhance the index formulation to facilitate the direction of attention such as release of funds. Therefore, in this paper, based on principal component analysis and K-means clustering algorithm, the data that reflect the measures of life expectancy index (LEI), education index (EI), and income index (II) are analyzed to categorize and to rank the member states of the UN using R statistical software package, an open source extensible programming language for statistical computing and graphics. The outcome of the study shows that the proportion of total eigen value (i.e., proportion of total variance) explained by PCA-1 (i.e., first principal component) accounts for more than 85% of the total variation. Moreover, the proportion of total eigen value explained by PCA-1 increases with time (i.e., yearly) though the amount of increase with time is not significant. However, the proportions of total eigen value explained by PCA-2 and PCA-3 decrease with time. Therefore, the loss of information in choosing PCA-1 to represent the chosen explanatory variables (i.e., LEI, EI, and II) may diminish with time if the trend of increasing pattern of proportion of total eigen value explained by PCA-1 with time continues in the future as well. On the other hand, the correlation between EI and PCA-1 increases with time although the magnitude of increase is not that significant. This same trend is observed in II as well. However, in contrast to these observations, the correlation between PCA-1 and LEI decreases with time. These findings imply that the contributions of EI and II to PCA-1 increase with time, but the contribution of LEI to PCA-1 decreases with time. On top of these, as per Hopkins statistic, the clusterability of the information conveyed by PCA-1 alone is far better than the clusterability of the information conveyed by PCA scores (i.e., PCA-1, PCA-2, and PCA-3) and the explanatory variables. Therefore, choosing PCA-1 to represent the chosen explanatory variables is becoming more concrete.

Measuring the agricultural sustainability of India:An application of Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model

Analyzing agricultural sustainability is essential for designing and assessing rural development initiatives.However,accurately measuring agricultural sustainability is complicated since it involves so many different factors.This study provides a new suite of quantitative indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability at regional and district levels,involving environmental sustainability,social security,and economic security.Combining the PressureState-Response(PSR)model and indicator approach,this study creates a composite agricultural sustainability index for the 14 mainstream agro-climatic regions of India.The results of this study show that the Trans-Gengatic Plain Region(TGPR)ranks first in agricultural sustainability among India's 14 mainstream agro-climatic regions,while the Eastern Himalayan Region(EHR)ranks last.Higher livestock ownership,cropping intensity,per capita income,irrigation intensity,share of institutional credit,food grain productivity,crop diversification,awareness of minimum support price,knowledge sharing with fellow farmers,and young and working population,as well as better transportation facilities and membership of agricultural credit societies are influencing indicators responsible for higher agricultural sustainability in TGPR compared with EHR.Although,the scores of environmental sustainability indicators of EHR are quite good,its scores of social and economic security indicators are fairly low,putting it at the bottom of the rank of agricultural sustainability index among the 14 mainstream agroclimatic regions in India.This demonstrates the need of understanding agricultural sustainability in relation to social and economic dimensions.In a nation as diverse and complicated as India,it is the social structure that determines the health of the economy and environment.Last but not least,the sustainability assessment methodology may be used in a variety of India's agro-climatic regions.

国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设进展量化评估方法体系研究

国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设是中国为落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程及其可持续发展目标(SDGs)专门开展的一项重要工作。目前,国务院共批复了太原、桂林、深圳等11个城市建设国家可持续发展议程创新示范区。一直以来,对示范区建设进展以定性描述为主,但从加强示范区建设与管理实际需求看,迫切需要建立一套科学的示范区建设进展量化评估方法体系。基于此,该研究借鉴国内外有关SDGs进展评估的理论与方法,结合示范区建设定位,研究提出了包括示范区活跃度和可持续发展指数两个维度的示范区建设进展量化评估方法体系,基于各地提供的数据资料,对示范区建设进展进行了探索性评估。活跃度评估结果表明,2022年各示范区活跃度差异明显,承德、海南藏族自治州、湖州、郴州和临沧分值较高,表明示范区建设的积极性和主动性较强。可持续发展指数分析结果显示,2022年湖州和深圳的指数显著高于其他示范区,得分达89分以上,其他示范区介于71~82分之间;多数示范区在SDG1、SDG6、SDG7、SDG13、SDG16等目标落实方面进展良好,在SDG9、SDG15、SDG17等方面还需进一步加强。

中国本土背景下可持续物流服务质量评价

自然环境恶化、资源枯竭以及公众健康公平意识的增强,导致行业组织对可持续发展的重视程度日益提高,低碳化、可持续成为物流业发展的必然趋势。但学界对可持续物流服务质量的研究较为零散,包括我国在内的新兴市场国家更缺乏关于可持续物流服务质量的评价工具及实证探索。为弥补这一缺口,首先,对国内外物流服务质量相关文献进行系统回顾,并基于TBL思维、ESG理念及专家评鉴,提出涵盖环境、经济、社会和客户4个服务可持续性因素,包括19个测量指标的可持续物流服务质量评价指标体系。其次,用灰色BWM和改进的灰色关联分析法确定该评价指标体系的指标权重,显示所有指标均具有不同的重要度排序,一级指标按照权重降序排列依次为环境可持续性、客户可持续性、经济可持续性和社会可持续性。之后,为检验所构建的评价指标体系在实践中的有效性,对我国本土两家行业领先的物流服务提供商——京东物流集团和顺丰速运公司的可持续性经营实践实施评估,依据专家评分结果,在同等情况下,建议客户优先选择京东物流集团作为物流服务提供商。最后,通过灵敏度分析,进一步验证所建立的评价指标体系的稳定性及适用性,为我国企业增强物流服务的可持续性以及提升客户满意度提供有效的评价工具。基于此,我国物流服务提供商为实现可持续性转型,应着力使用环保包装材料、更新清洁能源车辆、推动仓储绿色升级以提升环境可持续性,强化服务的及时性、响应性和灵活性以促进客户的可持续性,加强绿色技术创新和推动物流成本持续优化以进一步加强经济可持续性,并通过注重员工培训及权利保护、积极履行社会责任等努力提升社会可持续性,从而构筑可持续的物流服务竞争优势。