Experimental study of droplet behavior in a swirl flow field induced by two kinds of guiding vanes and inlet structure optimization

Droplet breakage is a common phenomenon in converting a pipe flow to a swirl flow in a vane-type pipe separator(VTPS)’inlet.The evaluation of the dispersed droplet sizes after breakage is crucial to the optimum design of the inlet structure and the estimation of the oil-water separation performance.This paper studies the droplet behavior in a swirl flow produced by guiding vanes.Experiments are performed with two different guiding vanes at the inlet of the VTPS.The sizes of the produced oil droplets at the downstream of the guiding vanes are measured in situ using a Malvern Insitec SX.The results indicate that the streamlined deflector is superior to the semi-elliptical plate for the VTPS’optimization based on the comparison of the droplet sizes in their respective induced swirl flow fields,which can be explained by a modified T-model.Our study suggests that the use of the modified T-model is a reliable method to optimize the design of the guiding vane in the swirling generating stage.

Effects of Four Types of Pre-swirls on the Leakage, Flow Field, and Fluid-Induced Force of the Rotary Straight-through Labyrinth Gas Seal

The labyrinth seal in turbomachinery is a key element that restricts leakage flow among rotor-stator clearances from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions. The fluid-induced forces on the rotor from seals during machine operation must be accurately quantified to predict their dynamic behavior effectively. To understand the fluid-induced force characteristics of the labyrinth seal more fully, the effects of four types of pre-swirls on the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of a rotary straight-through labyrinth gas seal (RSTLGS) were numerically investigated using the proposed steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on the three-dimensional models of the RSTLGS. The leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS for six axial pre-swirl velocities, four radial preswirl angles, four circumferential positive pre-swirl angles, and four circumferential negative pre-swirl angles were computed under the same geometrical parameters and operational conditions. Mesh analysis ensures the accuracy of the present steady CFD method. The numerical results show that the four types of pre-swirls influence the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The axial pre-swirl velocity remarkably inhibits the fluid-induced force, and the circumferential positive pre-swirl angle and circumferential negative pre-swirl angle remarkably promote the fluid-induced force. The effects of the radial pre-swirl angle on the fluid-induced force are complicated, and the pressure forces and viscous forces show the maximum or minimum values at a specific radial pre-swirl angle. The pre-swirl has a negligible impact on the leakage. The four types of pre-swirls affect the leakage, flow field, and fluidinduced force of the RSTLGS to varying degrees. The pre-swirl is the influence factor affecting the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The conclusions will help to understand the fluid-induced force of labyrinth seals more fully, by providing helpful suggestions for engineering practices and a theoretical basis to analyze the fluid–structure interaction of the seal-rotor system in future research.

Measurements of Non-reacting and Reacting Flow Fields of a Liquid Swirl Flame Burner

The understanding of the liquid fuel spray and flow field characteristics inside a combustor is crucial for designing a fuel efficient and low emission device.Characterisation of the flow field of a model gas turbine liquid swirl burner is performed by using a2-D particle imaging velocimetry（PIV）system.The flow field pattern of an axial flow burner with a fixed swirl intensity is compared under confined and unconfined conditions,i.e.,with and without the combustor wall.The effect of temperature on the main swirling air flow is investigated under open and non-reacting conditions.The result shows that axial and radial velocities increase as a result of decreased flow density and increased flow volume.The flow field of the main swirling flow with liquid fuel spray injection is compared to non-spray swirling flow.Introduction of liquid fuel spray changes the swirl air flow field at the burner outlet,where the radial velocity components increase for both open and confined environment.Under reacting condition,the enclosure generates a corner recirculation zone that intensifies the strength of radial velocity.The reverse flow and corner recirculation zone assists in stabilizing the flame by preheating the reactants.The flow field data can be used as validation target for swirl combustion modelling.

Analytical Solution of the Flow Field Induced by the Uniformly Moving Double Helical Vortex Filaments

The analytical expressions was deduced for the inviscid flow field induced by the double vortex filaments that move uniformly and rigidly without change of its form in a cylindrical tube, where the vortex filaments rotate around its axial with a constant angular velocity and translates along its axial with a constant transferal velocity. It is a key of solving problem to set up a moving cylindrical coordinate system together with the vortex filaments motion, in which the relative velocity field is presumed to be time-independent and with helical symmetry. The result shows that the absolute velocity field and pressure field are all time-periodic functions, and may degenerate into a time-independent field when the helical vortex filaments slip along the filaments themselves or is immobile. The calculation results at the location of pressure peaks and valleys on pipe wall are accordant with experimental results. When the cylindrical pipe radius tends to infinitely large quantity, it is also concluded that the double helical vortex filaments induce flow field in an unbound space.

Numerical calculation of flow and heat transfer process in the new-type external combustion swirl-flowing hot stove

It is clarified that the important method to improve the blast temperature ofthe small and the middle blast furnaces whose production is about two-thirds of total sum of Chinafrom 1000℃ to 1250-1300℃ is to preheat both their combustion-supporting air and coal gas. The airtemperature of blast furnaces can be reached to 1250-1300℃ by burning single blast furnace coal gasif high speed burner is applied to blast furnaces and new-type external combustion swirl-flowinghot stove is used to preheat their combustion-supporting air. The computational results of the flowand heat transfer processions in the hot stove prove that the surface of the bed of the thermalstorage balls there have not eccentric flow and the flow field and temperature field distribution iseven. The computational results of the blast temperature distribution are similar to thosedetermination experiment data. The numerical results also provide references for developing anddesigning the new-type external combustion swirl-flowing hot stoves.

旋流排沙装置排沙效率的数值模拟与试验研究

为提高水库中排沙洞的排沙效率,研发了一种新型旋流排沙装置。利用数值模拟试验和水工模型试验两种方法,研究了旋流排沙装置中叶轮组合、旋流场的流速分布特征、旋流排沙装置对排沙洞口泥沙的冲淤特性和排沙效率的影响。数值模拟结果表明,旋流排沙装置中单叶轮的流场范围随转速的增大而扩大,但当叶轮转速增加至20r/s时流场范围不再增加;旋流排沙装置中组合旋流场范围取决于叶轮的转速及其布置方式,当以三角形方式布置时,组合流场范围也随叶轮转速的增加而扩大,但叶轮间距布置过小会导致能量耗散过高,叶轮间距布置过大则不能形成有效的组合流场,旋流排沙装置的最优运行状态为叶轮距离为70mm、转速为20r/s。数值模拟和模型试验结果表明,旋流排沙装置可有效增大排沙洞的排沙效率和冲淤范围,当库区水位较深形成冲沙漏斗时,旋流排沙装置可使排沙洞的排沙效率提高71.5%;当库区水位较浅形成冲沙廊道时,旋流排沙装置能使排沙洞的排沙量增加4.02kg,说明该装置对库区水深较浅的淤积泥沙具有较好的排出效果,对解决甘肃河西水少沙多型水库内的泥沙淤积问题具有重要意义。

翼型叶片安装方式对粉煤灰气力输送的影响

针对当前螺旋流气力输送中有关叶片安装方式的研究,分析了典型NACA系列翼型截面叶片应用于起旋装置时的流场。通过对观测面轴向流速与切向流速的仿真,计算叶片不同安装方式与安装角度时螺旋流场的旋流强度,确定了前缘迎风的安装方式比尾缘迎风起旋效果更强;安装方式固定时,旋流强度随安装角度的增大而减小。

液氮旋转射流流场结构特性研究

针对传统水力喷射技术中储层伤害和井筒坍塌等问题,提出将液氮旋转磨料射流喷射造穴技术作为一种新型无水完井方法,重点研究了液氮旋转磨料射流的流场结构特性及关键影响因素。结果表明,在相同条件下,相较于水射流,液氮旋转磨料射流展现出更高的速度,冲蚀速率为旋转磨料水射流的1.12倍,携带颗粒的速度比旋转磨料水射流提高11.4%;当压降从10 MPa提升至25 MPa时,液氮最大流速增加56.4%;温度从100 K升高到130 K,最大射流速度增加5.7%;质量流量从0.04 kg/s增加到0.10 kg/s时,冲蚀强度提升60.7%。研究结果可为煤层气液氮射流喷射造穴完井技术提供理论基础。

综掘巷道径向涡旋运移对截割产尘污染的影响

为了掌握综掘巷道风幕运移动态过程对截割产尘污染的影响规律,以进一步提高风幕阻尘效率。采用数值模拟与现场实测相结合,研究分析不同径向涡旋强度和运移距离条件下综掘巷道流场结构演变和粉尘污染。研究结果表明:径向涡旋以贴壁旋流形式运移,随径向涡旋强度和运移距离增大,运移过程中分别形成偏向压风侧和轴向的支流,随后径向涡旋转变为均匀轴向流场,粉尘污染随之分别呈不断减小和先增大后减小的规律。掘进司机处粉尘质量浓度与径向涡旋强度和运移距离间分别满足玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann模型和对数正态分布LogNormal模型。当径向涡旋强度为0.9,运移距离为30 m时,能够实现高效控尘,现场实测结果显示,掘进司机处总尘和呼吸性粉尘降尘率分别达到82.7%和78.3%,能够有效改善人员作业环境。研究结果可为煤矿综掘巷道粉尘污染高效控制与治理提供参考。

摇摆条件下旋叶式分离器流场及效率的数值模拟研究

海洋核动力堆的紧凑式结构设计导致主设备蒸汽发生器的空间尺寸大幅缩减,作为蒸汽发生器中核心部件的汽水分离装置首当其冲。旋叶式分离器是汽水分离装置中的初级分离器,承担着80%以上的汽水分离任务,其性能优劣直接影响到海洋核动力系统的安全性和经济性。本文以旋叶式分离器为研究对象,结合欧拉-欧拉两相流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型,利用用户自定义函数(UDF)将海洋摇摆产生的附加惯性力以源项的方式添加到动量方程中,同时考虑重力分量的变化,建立了分离器内汽水两相流动与分离的三维数值计算模型,并系统研究了摇摆幅值和摇摆周期对分离器内流场特性和工作性能的影响。结果表明:周期性的摇摆运动会增强分离器内汽水两相流体的湍流交混,进而导致压力场、速度场和液相体积份额分布混乱,特别地,当摇摆幅值为40°、摇摆周期为2 s时达到临界工况,此时分离器内部多个区域出现流体回流现象,严重影响汽水两相分离效果;由摇摆运动产生的附加惯性力会使分离器内压力和速度分布的周期性波动滞后于分离器自身运动1/4周期;在分离筒近壁面区域,液相体积份额的峰值出现在分离器运动到最大倾角时刻;分离效率的周期性波动近似于正弦函数,在未达到临界工况之前,分离效率的波动与分离器的摇摆运动同步。总体上,摇摆幅值越大、摇摆周期越短,对分离器分离性能影响越大。本文结果可为开发先进的海洋核动力堆汽液分离技术提供理论依据和分析模型。

基于旋流射流的清管器结构研究

针对管道污垢容易在清管器皮碗底部形成楔形堆积,造成清管器卡堵等问题,提出一种基于旋流射流的清管器结构。基于计算流体力学方法,对旋流射流清管器进行流场数值模拟,研究导流管直径、叶片安装角、翼型折角对叶轮力矩和旋流射流平均速度的影响,分析导流管气流对皮碗底部污垢吹扫效果;采用正交试验法确定最优结构参数。研究表明:导流管直径在65~75 mm之间时,叶轮力矩基本达到峰值;增大翼型折角或叶片安装角都能显著提高叶轮力矩,但叶片安装角对旋流射流平均速度影响较小;导流管中射到皮碗底部的气流速度在40~60 m/s,湍动能大小在6 m^(2)/s^(2)左右,且影响范围广,能解决由皮碗底部污垢堆积而产生的卡堵问题;最优结构参数为导流管直径45 mm、叶片安装角40°、翼型折角33°。研究可为研发新型清管器以及解除卡堵问题提供参考。

Simulation on Effect of Divergent Angle of Submerged Entry Nozzle on Flow and Temperature Fields in Round Billet Mold in Electromagnetic Swirling Continuous Casting Process

A new process for swirling flow generation in the submerged entry nozzle （SEN） in continuous casting process of steel was proposed. A rotating electromagnetic field was set up around the SEN to induce swirling flow by Lorentz force. The flow and temperature fields in the SEN and round billet mold with electromagnetic swirling were numerically simulated and then verified by the electromagnetic swirling model experiment of low melting point alloy. The effects of divergent angle of the SEN on the flow and temperature fields in mold with electromagnetic swirling were investigated. The electromagnetic swirling flow generator （EMSFG） could effectively induce swirling flow of molten steel in the SEN, which consequently improved greatly the flow and temperature fields in the mold. Below the nozzle outlet in mold, with the increase of divergent angle, the stream of bulk flow diverged more widely, the high temperature zone shifted up, and the temperature field became more uniform. Above the nozzle outlet in mold, with 350 A electromagnetic swirling, when the divergent angle of the SEN increased, the upward flow velocity and the meniscus temperature first increased and then decreased. With a divergent angle of 60~, the upward flow velocity and meniscus temperature reaced the largest value.

旋流萃取器环形溢流结构对流场及萃取性能的影响

萃取是一种应用广泛的均相分离技术,但传统萃取设备存在结构复杂、体积庞大等问题。旋流萃取器将旋流技术和萃取操作结合,将相分离与传质过程结合,强化萃取传质性能,设备结构简单紧凑。采用数值模拟与试验研究结合的研究方法,对旋流萃取器的流场及萃取性能进行研究。结果表明:随着环形溢流口内径增大,旋流萃取器内流体切向速度与轴向速度都明显降低,压力降逐渐增加,萃取率先增大后减小,当环形溢流口内径为6 mm时,萃取率最高。环形溢流口外壁厚对三维速率和压力场影响较小,当环形溢流口内外壁间距与矩形入口宽度相同时,压降最小,萃取率最高。

Flow Field Investigation in a Trapezoidal Duct with Swirl Flow Induced by Impingement Jets

An enlarged model of trapezoidal duct near the leading-edge in the blade is built up. The effects of impingement jets, swirl flow, cross flow and effusion flow are considered. Experiments are performed to measure flow fields in this confined passage and exit holes on one of its side walls. Cross flow and effusion flow are induced in the channel by the outflow of side exit hole （SEH） and film cooling hole （FCH）, which are oriented on one end wall and bottom wall of the passage. Detailed flow structures are measured for two impingement angles of 35° and 45° with 6 combinations of outflow ratios. Results show that the small jets impinge the target wall effectively while the large jets contribute to inducing and impelling a strong counter-clockwise vortex in the upper part of the passage. Cross flow plays a dominate role for the flow structures in the passage and exit holes. It deflects jets, enhances swirl and deteriorates side exit conditions. Impingement angle is another significant factor for the flow characteristics. Its effect reveals more evidently with cross flow. Within the present test conditions, the mass flow rates and outflow positions of FCHs have no distinct effect on the main flow structures.

缩进长度对液液同轴离心喷嘴雾化过程的影响

为探究缩进长度对液液同轴离心喷嘴雾化锥角的影响,中心喷嘴工质采用N_(2)O_(4),外喷嘴工质采用偏二甲肼(UDMH),通过数值仿真获得了喷嘴内部流场的细节特征以及缩进数N对喷嘴雾化锥角的影响规律。结果表明:当N<1时,喷嘴的雾化锥角呈现先增后减的趋势;当N>1时,喷嘴的雾化锥角略微增大;当N=0时,UDMH与N_(2)O_(4)液膜之间会形成低压区,使得UDMH液膜张角减小,N_(2)O_(4)液膜张角变大,并在液膜末端贴合在一起,最终雾化锥角为外喷嘴与中心喷嘴雾化锥角的中间值;当N>0.85时,UDMH与N_(2)O_(4)会在缩进室内部发生明显的掺混,液膜变形程度加剧;当N>1.27时,缩进室会对内部混合流体起到整流作用,从而使其雾化距离增加。

气体中心式气液同轴离心多喷嘴耦合喷雾特性研究

高温燃气流风洞的加热段喷注面板由数百个气液同轴离心喷嘴组成,各喷嘴间存在强烈的喷雾干涉现象,导致喷雾场相互耦合。为探究气体中心式气液同轴离心喷嘴喷雾的耦合对雾化特性及流场均匀性的影响,通过实验和仿真的方式研究了不同气液比对多喷嘴雾化特性的影响,以及喷嘴间距和喷嘴数目对喷雾流强分布的影响。设计安装多喷嘴的喷注器,搭建喷雾检测实验台,采用高速相机拍摄喷雾图像,采用马尔文激光粒度仪测量喷雾场中的液滴尺寸;并设计了流强测量系统,以测量喷雾场的流强分布。采用流体体积法(Volume of Fluid,VOF)和网格自适应技术(Adaptive Mesh Refinement,AMR)对多喷嘴的耦合喷雾场进行模拟。结果表明,仿真结果与实验测得的流量分布基本吻合;在液体流量较大的工况下,喷雾锥角基本稳定,粒径大小受液膜撞击破碎和液滴撞击聚合双重作用的影响;随着喷嘴间距的增加,喷雾分布的不均匀性增强;并且当存在3个及以上喷嘴时,喷雾场两两相互干涉,在喷雾耦合区域出现流强高峰。

不同结构消声器内部流场的比较

通过对两种不同结构消声器内部流场的模拟,研究了气流对消声器的影响。以两种典型消声器I和消声器II为例,对内部流场进行对比分析。消声器结构不同,内部产生的涡流也不同,气流经过消声器I的内插管后,进入第二腔产生两处大的涡流,而消声器II有4处大的涡流,强度也比消声器I的大。模拟计算出的入口绝对压力可以作为设计优化消声器结构流动阻力大小的依据。消声器尾管采用穿孔管,可以对消声器再生噪声在出口处进行衰减,但同时也增加了流动阻力。

双旋流空气雾化喷嘴喷雾、流动和燃烧性能

综述了现代燃烧室广泛使用的双旋流空气雾化喷嘴的关键设计参数以及工况对装该种喷嘴的燃烧室性能的影响。双旋流空气雾化喷嘴的关键设计参数包括双旋流器、文氏管、套筒的结构、旋流器的旋流数、套筒张角、文氏管与套筒的相对尺寸等,这些参数与燃烧室主燃孔一起作用,控制了该喷嘴的喷雾和流动特性,从而控制着燃烧特性,如点火、熄火及燃烧效率等。这些讨论为设计该类结构燃烧室打下理论和经验方面的基础,是优化和提高这种类型燃烧室的性能的重要参考。

涡流排液采气的液滴动力学分析与螺旋角优化

井下涡流排液采气是一种新型排采技术,目前对于涡流排液采气井筒旋流场液相受力特性和运动规律的认识仍然不清楚。为此,根据两相流体动力学理论,对井筒旋流场中液滴的受力特性进行分析,得到了液滴沿轴向和径向的运动方程,并对Basset力、虚拟质量力、Magnus力、Saffman力和Stokes力等典型作用力进行了量级比较。同时,以液滴所受垂直向上合力最大为原则,推导了涡流工具最优螺旋角公式;在所建立的液滴受力模型基础上,全面分析了各项作用力的成因、特点和方向。结果表明:1经过量级比较,可以忽略影响较小的视质量力、Basset力和对流体积力;2与常规井筒流场相比,旋流场中液滴在垂向增加了向上的离心力分量,有利于液滴向上运移。进而采用实例分析验证了最优螺旋角公式的可靠性,并且发现:随着井深减小,气体携液能力增强、最优螺旋角增大。该研究成果对于现场井下涡流工具优化设计和涡流排液采气作业具有指导意义。

五孔球探针旋转流场测量的应用方法与误差探讨

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