DESIGN OF TERNARY CURRENT-MODE CMOS CIRCUITS BASED ON SWITCH-SIGNAL THEORY

By applying switch-signal theory, the interaction between MOS transmission switch-ing transistor and current signal in current-mode CMOS circuits is analyzed, and the theory oftransmission current-switches which is suitable to current-mode CMOS circuits is proposed. Thecircuits, such as ternary full-adder etc., designed by using this theory have simpler circuit struc-tures and correct logic functions. It is confirmed that this theory is efficient in guiding the logicdesign of current-mode CMOS circuits at switch level.

20 MHz Switched-Current Sample-and-Hold Circuit with Low Charge Injection

A switched-current sample-and-hold circuit with low charge injection was proposed. To obtain low noise and charge injection, the zero-voltage switching was used to remove the signal-dependent charge injection, and the signal-independent charge injection was reduced by removing the feed-through voltage from the input port of the memory transistor directly. This current sample-and-hold circuit was implemented using CMOS 180 nm 1.8 V technology. For a 0.8 MHz sinusoidal signal input, the simulated signal-to-noise and distortion ratio and total harmonic distortion were improved from 53.74 dB and -51.24 dB to 56.53 dB and -54.36 dB at the sampling rate of 20 MHz respectively, with accuracy of 9.01 bit and power consumption of 0.44 mW.

A Novel Crowbar Impulse Current Circuit for Testing the Switch-Type SPD

A crowbar impulse current circuit for testing the switch-type surge protective device （SPD） is presented. The crowbar circuit consists of a computer control circuit, a trigger voltage pulse generator, a main discharging switch, and a crowbar pseudospark switch. The active trigger technology was studied in the crowbar impulse current circuit. The circuit monitors the main discharging current and generates a trigger signal at a proper time for the crowbar pseudospark switch operation. The trigger characteristics of the main discharge switch and the crowbar pseu- dospark switch were investigated. By monitoring the preset applied capacitor voltage, the gap distance of the main discharging switch could be adjusted to ensure a discharging delay time less than 2 μs. Equipped with a surface ttashover trigger device made of high relative perimittivity dielectric material BaTiO3 （εr = 3460）, the discharge delay time of the crowbar pseudospark switch is less than 85 ns, and the minimum operating voltage is less than 1% of its self-breakdown voltage. With a storage capacitor of 9 μF , an inductor of 18 μH and a crowbar pseudospark switch, a load of 30 mΩ and an applied capacitor voltage of 40 kV, an impulse current waveform of maximum 25 kA was generated with a rise time and time to half peak value of 17.2 μs and 336μs respectively.

A NEW MULTIFUNCTION SWITCHED-CURRENT FILTER

A new switched-current(SI)biquadratic filter is presented which can simultaneouslyprovide the low-pass,high-pass and band-pass filters in a single building block.A symbol torepresent the universal SI integrator is also introduced.It can simplify the analysis and synthesisof SI networks.

Totally Coded Algorithm for Switched-Current Network Analysis in Frequency Domain

Based on mirror-blocks,a totally coded algorithm(TCA) for switched-current(SI) network analysis in frequency domain is presented.The algorithm is simple,available,and suitable for any switched-current networks.A basis of analysis and design for switched-current networks via this algorithm is provided.

SWITCHED-CURRENT FILTER DESIGN USING CASCADED SECTIONS

A new analogue sampled-data active device, named as a switched-current operationalamplifier (SIOA), is presented. The use of active circuit elements may simplify drawing the circuitdiagram significantly greatly and may permit easier analysis and synthesis of SI networks. Anumber of all pole and elliptic (second-or third-order) switched-current (SI) filters are derivedfrom the switched capacitor prototypes. These can be used as simple self-contained filters or asfilter sections in the cascaded realizations of a higher order transfer functions. To illustrate theapproach, a fifth-order low-pass filter is designed.

DESIGN OF SYMMETRIC TERNARY CURRENT-MODE CMOS CIRCUITS

By applying switch-signal theory, the theory of transmission current-switches based on symmetric ternary logic is proposed, this theory is suitable to design symmetric ternary current-mode CMOS circuits. The symmetric ternary current-mode CMOS circuits designed by using this theory not only have simpler circuit structures and correct logic functions, but also can process bidirectional signals.

A Very Low Level dc Current Amplifier Using SC Circuit: Effects of Parasitic Capacitances and Duty Ratio on Its Output

This paper describes a very low level dc current amplifier using switched capacitor (SC) circuit to miniaturize and improve its output response speed, instead of the conventionally used high-oh-mage resistor. A switched capacitor filter (SCF) and an offset controller are also used to decrease vibrations and offset voltage at the output of the amplifier. The simulation results show that the parasitic capacitances that are distributed to the input portion of the amplifier have some effect on offset voltage. From the experimental results, it is seen that the duty ratio of the clock cycle of SC circuit should be in the range from 0.05 to 0.70. It is suggested that the proposed very low level dc current amplifier using SC circuit is an effective way to obtain both a faster output response and its miniaturization.

基于改进型ZVT Buck电路的IPT充电系统设计

为了避免在感应式无线电能传输系统的耦合机构中增加多余的开关器件以及额外的无源元件,同时减小系统工作在高频率、大功率时全控型开关器件存在的开关损耗,提出基于改进型ZVT Buck电路闭环控制的方法实现对电池的恒流、恒压充电,通过分析改进型ZVT Buck电路的工作模态以及对电路参数的设计,确保在整个充电过程中DC-DC变换器均工作在软开关状态,最后搭建充电电流为35 A、充电电压为370 V的实验平台验证该方法的可行性。结果表明:该方法控制简单,并且降低了系统电路结构的复杂度,传输效率相对较高,能够满足恒流恒压充电需求。

基于自学习的LSTM网络短路电流零点预测方法

短路故障在首个大半波内快速选相开断对提升电力系统稳定性具有重要意义。为此,本文研究并提出了一种基于自学习的长短期记忆(LSTM)网络短路电流零点预测方法。构建了基于自学习优化训练的LSTM短路电流预测模型,并采用循环迭代法对短路电流波形及过零点进行预测;搭建了RTDS试验平台,验证了自学习LSTM网络对零点预测的准确性、快速性以及稳定性;讨论了不同短路故障电流的起始相角、谐波含量、信噪比、衰减直流分量时间常数等因素对自学习LSTM预测精度的影响;仿真与试验结果表明自学习LSTM网络对短路电流零点具有较好的预测能力,当采样时间为3 ms时,自学习LSTM首零点预测精度已与RLS算法采样时间5 ms时预测精度相当,为在首个大半波内实现相控开断提供了依据。

基于自适应滑模观测器的中点钳位型三电平并网逆变器开关管和电流传感器故障诊断

为提高中点钳位型三电平(3L-NPC)并网逆变器故障诊断的准确性和可靠性,针对其开关管开路故障和电流传感器故障,提出一种基于自适应滑模观测器的开关管开路故障和电流传感器故障同时诊断方法。该方法首先针对3L-NPC并网逆变器,设计一种收敛速度快且能显著抑制抖振的自适应滑模观测器来精确估计正常状态下的三相电流值;其次,利用实际电流和估计电流设计了故障检测变量;同时,利用实际三相电流之和以及估计三相电流之和来区分开关管故障和电流传感器故障;在此基础上,构造开关管故障定位变量和电流传感器故障识别变量,实现开关管开路故障的准确定位以及电流传感器故障类型的快速识别。实验结果验证了该文所提诊断算法的有效性和鲁棒性。

一种基于电机电流的高压断路器与负荷开关弹簧操作机构故障诊断算法

为实现高压断路器与负荷开关的故障诊断,提高设备安全可靠性,有必要深入研究电机电流特性与高压断路器、负荷开关的弹簧操作机构状态之间的关系。由于传统BP神经网络存在易陷入局部最小点及网络收敛速度慢等缺陷,采用遗传算法对于BP神经网络进行优化可以提高判断准确率及诊断效率。诊断结果表明,GA-BP算法可以根据断路器、负荷开关电机电流数据快速准确判断设备所处的运行状态,且精确度高,对于工程实际具有广泛应用前景。

基于移动式断路器分合闸线圈电流连续监测系统的研究与应用

分合闸线圈的电流信号是断路器分合闸线圈是否健康运行的重要参数之一。通过对操作动作后检测的电流波形变化和与历史数据对比分析,可实现动作相关二次元件和机械部件潜在故障的快速诊断。提出的移动式断路器分合闸线圈电流连续监测系统实用、高效且便捷,已在上海多座变电站实现应用,并协助诊断出诸多断路器潜伏性缺陷,为实现断路器的状态检修提供了一种有效的技术手段。

光伏升压箱变所用电开关选择

介绍了光伏升压箱变所用电典型设计方案及所用电开关选择原则,通过研究低压断路器技术参数,分析了断路器短路分断能力随工作电压升高而迅速下降的特点。使用电力分析计算软件ETAP计算短路电流,确定系统短路水平,提出所用电开关选型及参数确定解决方案。

高压降压式开关充电管理芯片的设计与实现

阐述设计的一款高效率高压输入、降压式开关型充电管理芯片,包括两个开关管和一个阻断MOS管。阻断二极管可以有效防止芯片倒灌。芯片内置一个恒压环路和一个恒流环路。

基于GaN的恒流型无线电能传输电路设计

为提升无线电能传输(WPT)系统的效率,利用氮化镓(GaN)器件比传统硅(Si)器件开关损耗低的优势,提出了基于GaN器件的LCL-LCC型感应耦合式电能传输(ICPT)系统与负载无关的恒流输出电路设计方法。首先对LCL-LCC补偿电路建立互感模型,推导出系统零相位角(ZPA)运行和与负载无关的恒流输出条件,提出了优化初级补偿电感的参数配置方法及设计流程。通过微调副边补偿电容值,逆变桥能实现零电压开关(ZVS)。最后,搭建实验平台验证理论电路设计的可行性。实验结果表明,对于不同负载,基于GaN器件的系统效率明显高于Si器件。

一种非隔离型软开关高增益准Z源DC-DC变换器

文中提出一种非隔离型软开关高增益准Z源DC-DC变换器。变换器具有输入电流连续、输入与输出供地、高电压增益以及开关器件应力小等优点。同时,变换器中所有开关管都工作在零电压开关(zero voltage switching,ZVS)条件下,所有二极管都工作在零电压零电流开关(zero-voltage zero-current switching,ZVZCS)条件下,可以减小开关管的开关损耗以及二极管的反向恢复损耗。通过引入三耦合绕组提高变换器电压增益,同时,有源钳位电路的加入减小了开关管两端的电压尖峰。较小感值的耦合电感相应的铜损小、体积小,进而提高了变换器的效率和功率密度。深入分析变换器的工作模态,推导变换器的电压增益以及元器件的电压、电流应力,进行稳态分析和参数设计。最后,搭建一台100 kHz、200 W、38~380 V的实验样机,变换器在额定功率的效率为96.13%,实验结果与理论分析相吻合,证明所提变换器的可行性。

750 kV母线短路电流研究及其抑制方法新探索

常规的750/330 kV短路电流控制措施包括热备用机组、热备用线路、电磁环网解环等,但是随着青海电网近年负荷及清洁能源的快速增长,电网结构连接日益紧密,现有750 kV母线开关遮断能力及常规抑制措施渐渐无法满足运行需求,开展抑制短路电流新技术的研究已迫在眉睫。研究750 kV母线短路电流理论计算方法,针对其分支短路电流提出适应实际运行的短路电流抑制方法和最大出线回数指导建议;提出基于快速开关的方法抑制短路电流,将短路电流贡献最大的分支线路边开关更换为快速开关,故障后20 ms内断开边开关以实现快速出串运行,可保证故障前全接线运行,无需牺牲系统可靠性来控制系统短路电流,为快速开关在750 kV电压等级电网的工程应用奠定基础。

单开关谐振脉冲电源的过电压抑制

单开关谐振电路只需使用一个开关即可产生高压脉冲,然而当开关在谐振电流为正关断时会产生关断过电压,使开关损坏。为解决该问题,可在开关两端并联RCD(Resistance-Capacitance-Diode)吸收电路或在变压器原边并联R-D(Resistance-Diode)续流支路。但在高压脉冲条件下,这两种过电压抑制电路在不同负载下的带载特性以及效果优劣不明确。文中对比分析了两种电路的过电压抑制机理、参数选择依据、过电压抑制效果和元器件功耗。结果表明,含R-D支路的电源开关过电压与漏感电流和支路电阻R成正比,若R较大,其过电压系数大于含RCD吸收电路的电源。若R较小,元器件功率损耗较大。在高压脉冲电源中,RCD吸收电路的电容不需要在开关导通时将电放完。由于漏感限制,谐振脉冲电路在短路时电流不会过大而烧毁开关。同时,在驱动容性介质阻挡放电时电流能够自动反向,可实现零电流关断。