Switching variability index based multiple strategy CFAR detector

A switching variability index （SVl） constant false alarm rate （CFAR） detector is proposed for improving the detection performance of VI-CFAR detectors in multiple targets backgrounds. When the presence of non-homogeneity in CFAR reference windows is indicated by a VI-CFAR detector, a switching- CFAR detector is introduced to optimize the performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous, multiple targets and clutter edge backgrounds. The structure and parameters selection method of the SVI-CFAR detector is presented. Comparisons with classic CFAR detectors and recently proposed detectors are also given. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that SVICFAR detector maintains the good performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous and clutter edge backgrounds, while greatly improving the capacity of anti-multi targets.

Entropy Production Rate Changes in Lysogeny/Lysis Switch Regulation of Bacteriophage Lambda

According to the chemical kinetic model of lysogeny/lysis switch in Escherichia coli (E.coli) infected by bacteriophage λ,the entropy production rates of steady states are calculated.The results show that the lysogenic state has lower entropy production rate than lytic state,which provides an explanation on why the lysogenic state of λ phage is so stable.We also notice that the entropy production rates of both lysogenic state and lytic state are lower than that of saddle-point and bifurcation state,which is consistent with the principle of minimum entropy production for living organism in nonequilibrium stationary state.Subsequently,the relations between CI and Cro degradation rates at two bifurcations and the changes of entropy production rate with CI and Cro degradation are deduced.The theory and method can be used to calculate entropy change in other molecular network.

Science Letters:Controllable high repetition rate gain-switchedNd:YVO_4 microchip laser

We demonstrated a monolithic, compact, diode-pumped gain-switched Nd:YVO4 laser at 1.064 μm wavelength with controllable repetition rate of 1 Hz to 25 kHz. Stable gain-switched pulse train with maximum repetition rate of 25 kHz and pulse width of 16 ns was obtained.

Estimation of enhanced low dose rate sensitivity mechanisms using temperature switching irradiation on gate-controlled lateral PNP transistor

The mechanisms occurring when the switched temperature technique is applied, as an accelerated enhanced low dose rate sensitivity （ELDRS） test technique, are investigated in terms of a specially designed gate-controlled lateral PNP transistor （GLPNP） that used to extract the interface traps （Nit） and oxide trapped charges （Not）. Electrical characteristics in GLPNP transistors induced by 60Co gamma irradiation are measured in situ as a function of total dose, showing that generation of Nit in the oxide is the primary cause of base current variations for the GLPNP. Based on the analysis of the variations of Nit and Not, with switching the temperature, the properties of accelerated protons release and suppressed protons loss play critical roles in determining the increased Nit formation leading to the base current degradation with dose accumulation. Simultaneously the hydrogen cracking mechanisms responsible for additional protons release are related to the neutralization of Not extending enhanced Nit buildup. In this study the switched temperature irradiation has been employed to conservatively estimate the ELDRS of GLPNP, which provides us with a new insight into the test technique for ELDRS.

Rate-distortion optimized bitstream switching for peer-to-peer live streaming

Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology provides a cost-effective and scalable way to distribute video data. However, high heterogeneity of the P2P network, which rises not only from heterogeneous link capacity between peers but also from dynamic variation of available bandwidth, brings forward great challenge to video streaming. To attack this problem, an adaptive scheme based on rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is proposed in this paper. While low complexity RDO based frame dropping is exploited to shape bitrate into available bandwidth in peers, the streamed bitstream is dynamically switched among multiple available versions in an RDO way by the streaming server. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme based on RDO achieves great gain in overall perceived quality over simple heuristic schemes.

A Novel Dual-Rate Sampling Switched-Capacitor Configuration and Its Application

In order to realize accurate bilinear transformation from s- to z-domain,a novelswitched-capacitor configuration is proposed in the light of principles of dual-rate sampling and chargeconservation,which has also been used for building a 5th-order elliptic lowpass filter.The filter issimulated and measured in typical 0.34 μm/3.3 V Si CMOS process models,special full differentialoperational amplifiers and CMOS transfer gate switches,which achieves 80 MHz sampling rate,17.8MHz cutoff frequency,0.052 dB maximum passband ripple,42.1 dB minimum stopband attenuation and74 mW quiescent power dissipation.At the same time,the dual-rate sampling topology breaks thetraditional restrictions of filter introduced by unit-gain bandwidth and slew rate of operational amplifiersand also improves effectively their performances in high-frequency applications.It has been applied forthe design of an anti-alias filter in analog front-end of video decoder IC with 15 MHz signal frequencyyet.

蝴蝶优化算法对大青杨生长速率预测模型的改进

为提高大青杨生长速率的预测精度,提出了一种基于改进的蝴蝶优化算法(improved butterfly optimization algorithm, IBOA)与径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络结合的预测木材材性方法。通过使用佳点集法对标准蝴蝶算法中的种群进行初始化,将自适应切换频率和Levy飞行相结合进一步优化人工蝴蝶算法。构建出了新的IBOA-RBF神经网络木材材性预测模型,将得到的结果与其他几种算法优化的RBF神经网络预测结果进行对比。结果表明:基于IBOA-RBF神经网络模型预测效果最好,收敛速度从37步降低到了23步,预测结果误差达到了5.72%,预测精度最高。可见,对蝴蝶算法的改进是可行的,且对相关人员定向培养大青杨起到较大的帮助。

基于排序的自动剔除Switching-CFAR检测器

针对传统恒虚警(Constant False-Alarm Rate,CFAR)检测器在非均匀噪声环境下检测性能较差的问题,本文提出了一种基于排序的自动剔除Switching-CFAR(Automatic Censoring Switching-CFAR Detector Based on Sorting,ACS-CFAR)检测器.选择参考窗中间单元为测试单元,其余单元按照幅值升序排列,根据两个分界点位置参数,选择合适的参考单元集进行背景噪声功率估计以及结合参考单元数和目标恒虚警率计算相关系数,得到最优检测门限.经过仿真对比,ACS-CFAR检测器在均匀噪声环境下检测率为98.73%,接近于单元平均恒虚警(CA-CFAR)检测器;在非均匀噪声环境下检测率为98.16%,优于可变索引恒虚警(VI-CFAR)和自动删除平均恒虚警(ACCA-CFAR)检测器,虚警率误差均控制在0.10%以内.结果表明,本文提出的ACS-CFAR检测器在均匀噪声环境以及杂波和多目标干扰环境下均具有较好的检测性能.

Experimental Study of the Recovery Times of Spark Gap Switch with Different Gases

A two-pulse method is used to determine the insulation recovery time of the gas spark gap switch with different types of gas applied in a high power accelerator with a water dielectric pulse forming line. At the breakdown voltage of 450 kV, with the vacuum diode voltage of about 200 kV, and a current of 30 kA, recovery characteristics of H2, N2, SF6 were studied. The recovery percentages of the gas breakdown voltage and vacuum diode voltage were determined. The results show that hydrogen has the best recovery characteristics. At a pulse interval of 8.8 ms, the recovery percentages of both the gas breakdown voltage and vacuum diode voltage for hydrogen exceed 95%. For SF6 and N2 with an interval of 25 ms and 50 ms respectively, a 90% voltage recovery was obtained. The experiments also proved that the repetitive rate of the high power accelerator with a pulse forming line is mainly restricted by the gas switch repetitive rate; the recovery percentages of the vacuum diode voltage are limited by the recovery percentages of the gas switch breakdown voltage. The hydrogen switch can be employed for a high repetitive rate-high power accelerator with a pulse forming line.

考虑移动储能的风雨灾害配电网弹性提升方法

以台风和暴雨为代表的极端自然灾害会导致配电网大规模故障。为减小故障损失,提出一种计及风雨联合灾害下考虑移动储能的配电网弹性提升方法。首先,量化台风和暴雨灾害对配电网造成的影响,构建风雨联合灾害下的配电网故障率模型并基于系统信息熵筛选典型故障场景;其次,以灾害期间切负荷经济损失最小为目标,建立混合整数二阶锥规划模型,提出计及弹性提升的移动储能运行调度方法;最后,通过仿真算例对所提方法的有效性进行验证。结果表明,本文所提方法能有效提升配电网弹性,减少停电带来的经济损失。

Modelling of passively Q-switched lasers with intracavity Raman conversion

We present a model of passively Q-switched Raman lasers by utilizing the rate equations. The intracavity fun-damental photon density, Raman photon density and the initial population-inversion density of the gain medium are assumed to be of Gaussian spatial distributions. These rate equations are normalized by introducing some synthetic parameters and solved numerically, and a group of general curves are generated. Prom these curves we can understand the dependence of the Raman laser pulse characteristics on the parameters about the pumping, the gain medium, the Raman medium and the resonator. An illustrative calculation for a passively Q-switched Nd^3＋：GdVO4 self-Raman laser is presented to demonstrate the usage of the curves and related formulas.

A QoS-aware scheduling algorithm for combined-input-crosspoint-queued switch

In this paper, we study the quality of service requirement and guaranteed-rate scheduling problem for combined-input-crosspoint-queued (CICQ) switches. Using crosspoint buffers between input queues and output ports, the input and output scheduling can be decoupled in CICQ switches. Here we propose a new guaranteed-rate scheduling algorithm which is divided seperately into input and output scheduling. Simulation results show that our algorithm can perform better than existing scheduling schemes in both packet loss and jitter control.

A theoretical and experimental investigation of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber laser

In this paper, the theoretical rate equation model of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber （TDF） laser is investigated. The analytical formulations of pump energy threshold, peak power extraction efficiency, and pulse extraction efficiency are derived through analyzing the interaction process between the pump pulse and the laser pulse. They are useful for understanding, designing, and optimizing the in-band pumped TDF lasers in a 1.9 μm-2.1 μm wavelength region. The experiment with an all-fiber gain-switched TDF laser pumped by a 1.558-μm pulse amplifier is conducted, and our experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis.

Simulation of the Physical Performance of Optical Packet Switching Nodes

A graphical and visual simulation system for the study of optical packet switching (OPS) nodes is accomplished. With the simulation system, the effect on physical performance-bit error rate (BER) due to a variety of factors such as the crosstalk parameters of OPS nodes, number of cascaded OPS nodes, length of optical output buffer, traffic load and fluctuation of amplitude of optical signals are evaluated. Reliability of the simulation system is proved by the analytical results obtained in all the above cases.

A Network Calculus Approach for the Analysis of Packet-switching Networks

Network calculus is an evolving new methodology for backlog and delay analysis of packet-switching networks. With network calculus we are able to compute tight bounds on delays,backlogs,and effective bandwidths in a lossless setting applicable to packet-switching networks and better understand some physical properties of networks. In this paper,the basic network calculus concepts of arrival curves and service curves are introduced.Then we provide the approach for modeling leaky-bucket,generic cell rate algorithm(GCRA),constant bit rate(CBR)flow, variable bit rate(VBR) flow with arrival curve.It is shown that all rate-based packet schedulers can be by a simple rate latency service curve.And by applying these fundamental rules of network calculus,bounds on delay, buffer,effective bandwidth for leaky bucket,GCRA,CBR and VBR can be derived and some practical examples are given.Finally,we compare all the results obtained and conclude this paper.

UNITED STABILIZING SCHEME FOR EDGE DELAY IN OPTICAL BURST SWITCHED NETWORKS

A novel scheme, namely united stabilizing scheme for edge delay, is introduced in optical burst switched networks. In the scheme, the limits of burst length and assembly time are both set according to certain qualifications. For executing the scheme, the conception for unit input bit rate is introduced to improve universality, and the assembly algorithm with a buffer safety space under the self-similar traffic model at each ingress edge router is proposed. Then, the components of burst and packet delay are concluded, and the equations that limits of burst length and assembly time should satisfy to stabilize the burst edge delay under different buffer offered loads are educed. The simulation results show that united stabilizing scheme stabilizes both burst and packet edge delay to a great extent when buffer offered load changes from 0.1 to 1, and the edge delay of burst and packet are near the limit values under larger offered load, respectively.

100 kHz高功率高光束质量纳秒激光振荡器

高功率、高重复频率纳秒脉冲激光广泛应用于激光切割、激光焊接等领域。随着激光重复频率的提升,特别是高于50 kHz时,单个周期有限的时间内难以积累足够的上能级粒子,调Q脉冲的稳定性成为了激光器设计的难点。当前主要采用主振荡器的功率放大器(MOPA)方案,直接振荡获得兼具高功率、高重复频率及高光束质量的纳秒脉冲激光还比较困难。通过对激光动力学过程的仿真模拟,定量分析了高重复频率调Q过程中脉冲强度稳定性与泵浦速率的关系,并利用负透镜使振荡器工作在具有较大基模体积的热近非稳区,实现了Nd:YAG声光调Q激光振荡器在高重复频率、高功率、高光束质量三方面的均衡设计。首次利用侧泵模块实现了100 kHz高功率高光束质量纳秒脉冲激光的直接振荡产生,脉冲强度的离散系数仅为0.041,激光输出功率超过142 W,脉冲宽度为165 ns,光束质量因子M^(2)为1.5。

P2.5-PHPS发动机至混合驱动模式切换过程动态协调控制研究

搭载双离合变速器的P2.5插电式混合动力系统传动效率高,换挡和模式切换过程无动力中断,应用前景广阔,但其模式切换过程由于发动机与电机的扭矩响应特性存在差异,扭矩波动明显,影响驾乘体验。针对上述问题,提出一种发动机驱动至混合驱动模式切换的协调控制策略,以搭载双离合变速器的P2.5插电式混合动力系统为研究对象,对其发动机至混合驱动模式切换过程进行分析,依据分析结果将系统模式切换过程划分为4个阶段。在此基础上,基于PID反馈原理控制动力源的实际输出转矩并通过控制加速踏板开度变化率限制发动机的扭矩变化率,利用驱动电机扭矩快速响应的优势补偿发动机扭矩响应滞后来降低输出扭矩波动,制定模式切换过程多阶段双动力源扭矩协调控制策略。搭建基于P2.5插电式混合动力系统的发动机至混合驱动模式切换动态协调控制仿真模型。仿真结果表明,模式切换过程无动态协调控制策略的最大冲击度约7.1 m/s^(3),策略下最大冲击度约1.78 m/s^(3),减小74.9%,表明所提出的控制策略能有效减小模式切换过程冲击度,提高整车平顺性。

LD泵浦Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+):Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)晶体kHz微型激光器

目前1.5μm LD泵浦的铒镱共掺玻璃/晶体被动调Q微型激光器广泛应用于激光测距、激光雷达等领域。随着激光器输出能量和重频的增加,玻璃面临突出的热效应问题,晶体的热导率是玻璃的10倍以上,有望能够实现比玻璃基质更大脉冲能量和更高重频的激光输出。文中报道了一种采用LD脉冲端面泵浦、铒镱共掺焦硅酸镥晶体为增益介质的1537 nm被动调Q微型激光器。通过优化泵浦光斑大小、输出镜透过率与调Q晶体初始透过率相匹配,实现激光输出重频与泵浦重频一致。最终实现了输出重频为1 kHz、单脉冲能量35μJ、脉冲宽度7 ns、峰值功率为5 kW、光束质量因子M^(2)=1.33的激光输出。以及输出重频为10 kHz、单脉冲能量10μJ、脉冲宽度10 ns、峰值功率为1 kW、光束质量因子M^(2)=1.51的激光输出。结果表明,Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+):Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)晶体是实现高重频1.5μm激光输出的优良介质。文中研究结果对LD脉冲端面泵浦的kHz铒镱共掺晶体被动调Q人眼安全微片激光器具有重要的参考意义。

辅助下体位转换对脑梗死患者脱机后膈肌功能的影响

目的:探究辅助下体位转换对脑梗死患者脱机后膈肌功能的影响。方法:50例脱机后脑梗死患者随机分为观察组25例和对照组25例,2组患者分别行早期床边康复训练,观察组在此基础上行辅助下体位转换训练。治疗前和治疗2周后分别观察2组患者膈肌的移动度、收缩速度、吸气末厚度、呼气末厚度和增厚分数。结果:治疗2周后,2组患者的膈肌移动度和收缩速度测量结果比较差异无统计学意义,观察组膈肌呼气末厚度较治疗前组内比较显著减少,增厚分数较治疗前组内比较显著增加(均P<0.05),对照组膈肌吸气末厚度和增厚分数较治疗前组内比较均显著减少(均P<0.05),观察组吸气末厚度和增厚分数较对照组显著增加(均P<0.05),观察组呼气末厚度较对照组显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:辅助下体位转换训练能显著增加脑梗死患者膈肌吸气末厚度,减少呼气末厚度,提高膈肌的增厚分数。