OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic alternations of HBV markers of active HBV replicationrecipients receiving lamivudine prophylaxis after liver transplantation.METHODS: Serial liver biopsy samples and sera were obt...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic alternations of HBV markers of active HBV replicationrecipients receiving lamivudine prophylaxis after liver transplantation.METHODS: Serial liver biopsy samples and sera were obtained from 15 recipients and examined withenzyme-linked radioinmmunoassay for HBsAg, HBeAg, HBsAb, HBcAb and HBeAb, and fluorescentquantitative assay for quantitation of HBV DNA in serum. Immunohistochemical staining of HBsAg,HBcAg and HBV DNA hybridization in situ were used to detect HBV markers in liver biopsy samples.RESULTS: 100 mg lamivudine taken orally every, day for 2 weeks before transplantation enabled 12(80%) of 15 active viral replication recipients (HBV DNA positive) to converse to HBV DNA negative.HBsAb, HBcAb and HBeAb in serum emerged in 1-2 weeks after liver transplantation, and disappearedgradually within 6 months; HBV DNA fluorescent quantitative assay showed constant negativity in serum.Immunohistochemical staining of HBsAg, HBcAg and HBV DNA hybridization in situ in liver biopsysamples showed negative results synchorously. Eight of the 15 HBV active replication recipients lostHBV markers thoroughly both in serology and tissue staining as well as HBV DNA hybridization in situ ofserial liver biopsy samples from 12 to 44 weeks after liver transplantation. Should any of HBsAg, HBeAgin serology and HBsAg, HBcAg in immunohistochemical staining was positive, or HBV DNA detectablein serum, or HBV DNA hybridization in situ in liver tissue positive, allograft HBV reinfection or De novoliver allograft infection could be diagnosed. Furthermore, if associated with elevation of ALT andbilirubin, the diagnosis of HBV hepatitis recurrence could be established.CONCLUSION: Allograft HBV reinfection or De nuvo liver allograft infection in active viral replicationrecipients could be prevented with lamivudine regimen, and further clearance of HBV may be possible ifproper measures are taken.展开更多
Traditional indoor human activity recognition(HAR)is a timeseries data classification problem and needs feature extraction.Presently,considerable attention has been given to the domain ofHARdue to the enormous amount ...Traditional indoor human activity recognition(HAR)is a timeseries data classification problem and needs feature extraction.Presently,considerable attention has been given to the domain ofHARdue to the enormous amount of its real-time uses in real-time applications,namely surveillance by authorities,biometric user identification,and health monitoring of older people.The extensive usage of the Internet of Things(IoT)and wearable sensor devices has made the topic of HAR a vital subject in ubiquitous and mobile computing.The more commonly utilized inference and problemsolving technique in the HAR system have recently been deep learning(DL).The study develops aModifiedWild Horse Optimization withDLAided Symmetric Human Activity Recognition(MWHODL-SHAR)model.The major intention of the MWHODL-SHAR model lies in recognition of symmetric activities,namely jogging,walking,standing,sitting,etc.In the presented MWHODL-SHAR technique,the human activities data is pre-processed in various stages to make it compatible for further processing.A convolution neural network with an attention-based long short-term memory(CNNALSTM)model is applied for activity recognition.The MWHO algorithm is utilized as a hyperparameter tuning strategy to improve the detection rate of the CNN-ALSTM algorithm.The experimental validation of the MWHODL-SHAR technique is simulated using a benchmark dataset.An extensive comparison study revealed the betterment of theMWHODL-SHAR technique over other recent approaches.展开更多
Time reversal asymmetry and spatial anisotropy are considered two prerequisites for Brownian ratchet.An intriguing realization can be achieved by placing an asymmetric gear in the suspension of motile rod-like bacteri...Time reversal asymmetry and spatial anisotropy are considered two prerequisites for Brownian ratchet.An intriguing realization can be achieved by placing an asymmetric gear in the suspension of motile rod-like bacteria.Usually,alignment interactions caused by anisotropic collisions or hydrodynamics would boost the ratchet effect.Here,we are concerned with a perfectly isotropic system,i.e.,symmetric gear immersed in a bath of spherical active Brownian particles.We find that,under certain conditions,kinetic symmetry-breaking arises spontaneously,i.e.,the symmetric gear keeps rotating in one direction.Unexpectedly,such ratchet phenomenon does not rely on the direct many-particle interactions and moreover the introduction of alignment interaction would counterintuitively prevent it from happening!Further investigation reveals that such spontaneous symmetry-breaking phenomenon shares similarities with the equilibrium phase transition of the Ising model.Our results provide new insights and enhance our understanding of the fundamental aspects of active ratchet phenomena.展开更多
We propose a catalytically activated replication-decline model of three species, in which two aggregates of the same species can coagulate themselves, an A aggregate of any size can replicate itself with the help of B...We propose a catalytically activated replication-decline model of three species, in which two aggregates of the same species can coagulate themselves, an A aggregate of any size can replicate itself with the help of B aggregates, and the decline of A aggregate occurs under the catalysis of C aggregates. By means of mean-field rate equations, we derive the asymptotic solutions of the aggregate size distribution ak（t） of species A, which is found to depend strongly on the competition among three mechanisms： the self-coagulation of species A, the replication of species A catalyzed by species B, and the decline of species A catalyzed by species C. When the self-coagulation of species A dominates the system, the aggregate size distribution a^（t） satisfies the conventional scaling form. When the catalyzed replication process dominates the system, ak（t） takes the generalized scaling form. When the catalyzed decline process dominates the system, ak（t） approaches the modified scaling form.展开更多
Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial disease. Environmental factors such as viral infection(s) have been proposed as pathaetiological factors. There are particular interests in studying ly...Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial disease. Environmental factors such as viral infection(s) have been proposed as pathaetiological factors. There are particular interests in studying lymphotropic viruses such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Although previous case reports and in vitro studies suggested that they may have a role, there is no direct evidence that onset of SLE or disease exacerbation is associated with active infection by these viruses. Using the very sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, we tried to find out evidence of active replication of these viruses in patients with SLE. Methods Thirty-four patients with SLE were compared with matched normal controls. Eleven patients were newly diagnosed to have SLE and 18 of the 34 patients had active disease as determined by a SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score of ≥10 at the time of study. Results Our results showed no evidence of active replication or reactivation of EBV in the leucocytes amongst the newly diagnosed SLE patients, established SLE patients, patients with SLEDAI ≥10, patients with SLEDAI <10, and control subjects. There was no evidence of CMV infection in any of the subjects studied. The IgG and IgA responses against EBV early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) were also studied. The IgG and IgA responses against VCA of EBV were increased in patients with SLE when compared with controls. However, there were no differences in these responses among different subgroups of patients. The mechanism of these responses was not apparent but may represent non-specific hyperimmune responses in these patients. There were no differences in the titre of IgG and IgA against EBV EA between the patient groups and controls.Conclusion There is no direct evidence that either EBV or CMV plays a direct role in the onset and/or exacerbation of SLE.展开更多
Dear Editor,Human papillomaviruses(HPV)are a large group(>200genotypes)of small double-stranded DNA viruses(https://pave.niaid.nih.gov/).Although infections by most HPV types are asymptomatic,persistent infections ...Dear Editor,Human papillomaviruses(HPV)are a large group(>200genotypes)of small double-stranded DNA viruses(https://pave.niaid.nih.gov/).Although infections by most HPV types are asymptomatic,persistent infections in cervical and ano-genital epithelia by high-risk展开更多
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)is γ-2 herpesvirus with latency and lytic replication stages in its life-cycle.The viral replication and transcription activator(RTA)is the key protein for triggering KSH...Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)is γ-2 herpesvirus with latency and lytic replication stages in its life-cycle.The viral replication and transcription activator(RTA)is the key protein for triggering KSHV lytic gene expression and replication from latency.In this review,we will discuss the gene expression program in KSHV lytic replication and latency,the regulation of the RTA expression,the RTA protein and the mechanisms that RTA utilizes to transactivate its target genes.We will focus on the RTA-mediated transactivation mechanisms,including DNA-binding,interacting with cellular co-factors and promoting repressor degradation.展开更多
The conventional symmetry numbers σ_≠~' of activated complexes may lead to error in the rate constant expression of transition state theory, whereas the statistical factor ι~≠ or ι may violate the principle o...The conventional symmetry numbers σ_≠~' of activated complexes may lead to error in the rate constant expression of transition state theory, whereas the statistical factor ι~≠ or ι may violate the principle of detailed balance. A mathematically precise definition of the symmetry number σ_≠ of activated complex is given, i.e. σ_≠=_iN_4(?)/m, m is the number of physically distinct configurations of labelled transition state and N_i is the identical atoms in the activated complex. The identical atoms must belong to the same molecule of reactants and products. The present symmetry numbers σ_≠ of activated complexes assure not only obtaining correct rate constant expressions but also obeying the principle of detailed balance. It can be used with the statistical factor ι to construct the structures of transition states for unimolecular and bimolecular exchange reactions.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic alternations of HBV markers of active HBV replicationrecipients receiving lamivudine prophylaxis after liver transplantation.METHODS: Serial liver biopsy samples and sera were obtained from 15 recipients and examined withenzyme-linked radioinmmunoassay for HBsAg, HBeAg, HBsAb, HBcAb and HBeAb, and fluorescentquantitative assay for quantitation of HBV DNA in serum. Immunohistochemical staining of HBsAg,HBcAg and HBV DNA hybridization in situ were used to detect HBV markers in liver biopsy samples.RESULTS: 100 mg lamivudine taken orally every, day for 2 weeks before transplantation enabled 12(80%) of 15 active viral replication recipients (HBV DNA positive) to converse to HBV DNA negative.HBsAb, HBcAb and HBeAb in serum emerged in 1-2 weeks after liver transplantation, and disappearedgradually within 6 months; HBV DNA fluorescent quantitative assay showed constant negativity in serum.Immunohistochemical staining of HBsAg, HBcAg and HBV DNA hybridization in situ in liver biopsysamples showed negative results synchorously. Eight of the 15 HBV active replication recipients lostHBV markers thoroughly both in serology and tissue staining as well as HBV DNA hybridization in situ ofserial liver biopsy samples from 12 to 44 weeks after liver transplantation. Should any of HBsAg, HBeAgin serology and HBsAg, HBcAg in immunohistochemical staining was positive, or HBV DNA detectablein serum, or HBV DNA hybridization in situ in liver tissue positive, allograft HBV reinfection or De novoliver allograft infection could be diagnosed. Furthermore, if associated with elevation of ALT andbilirubin, the diagnosis of HBV hepatitis recurrence could be established.CONCLUSION: Allograft HBV reinfection or De nuvo liver allograft infection in active viral replicationrecipients could be prevented with lamivudine regimen, and further clearance of HBV may be possible ifproper measures are taken.
文摘Traditional indoor human activity recognition(HAR)is a timeseries data classification problem and needs feature extraction.Presently,considerable attention has been given to the domain ofHARdue to the enormous amount of its real-time uses in real-time applications,namely surveillance by authorities,biometric user identification,and health monitoring of older people.The extensive usage of the Internet of Things(IoT)and wearable sensor devices has made the topic of HAR a vital subject in ubiquitous and mobile computing.The more commonly utilized inference and problemsolving technique in the HAR system have recently been deep learning(DL).The study develops aModifiedWild Horse Optimization withDLAided Symmetric Human Activity Recognition(MWHODL-SHAR)model.The major intention of the MWHODL-SHAR model lies in recognition of symmetric activities,namely jogging,walking,standing,sitting,etc.In the presented MWHODL-SHAR technique,the human activities data is pre-processed in various stages to make it compatible for further processing.A convolution neural network with an attention-based long short-term memory(CNNALSTM)model is applied for activity recognition.The MWHO algorithm is utilized as a hyperparameter tuning strategy to improve the detection rate of the CNN-ALSTM algorithm.The experimental validation of the MWHODL-SHAR technique is simulated using a benchmark dataset.An extensive comparison study revealed the betterment of theMWHODL-SHAR technique over other recent approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21774091(K.C.)and 21674078(W.T.))
文摘Time reversal asymmetry and spatial anisotropy are considered two prerequisites for Brownian ratchet.An intriguing realization can be achieved by placing an asymmetric gear in the suspension of motile rod-like bacteria.Usually,alignment interactions caused by anisotropic collisions or hydrodynamics would boost the ratchet effect.Here,we are concerned with a perfectly isotropic system,i.e.,symmetric gear immersed in a bath of spherical active Brownian particles.We find that,under certain conditions,kinetic symmetry-breaking arises spontaneously,i.e.,the symmetric gear keeps rotating in one direction.Unexpectedly,such ratchet phenomenon does not rely on the direct many-particle interactions and moreover the introduction of alignment interaction would counterintuitively prevent it from happening!Further investigation reveals that such spontaneous symmetry-breaking phenomenon shares similarities with the equilibrium phase transition of the Ising model.Our results provide new insights and enhance our understanding of the fundamental aspects of active ratchet phenomena.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10875086 and 11145004)
文摘We propose a catalytically activated replication-decline model of three species, in which two aggregates of the same species can coagulate themselves, an A aggregate of any size can replicate itself with the help of B aggregates, and the decline of A aggregate occurs under the catalysis of C aggregates. By means of mean-field rate equations, we derive the asymptotic solutions of the aggregate size distribution ak（t） of species A, which is found to depend strongly on the competition among three mechanisms： the self-coagulation of species A, the replication of species A catalyzed by species B, and the decline of species A catalyzed by species C. When the self-coagulation of species A dominates the system, the aggregate size distribution a^（t） satisfies the conventional scaling form. When the catalyzed replication process dominates the system, ak（t） takes the generalized scaling form. When the catalyzed decline process dominates the system, ak（t） approaches the modified scaling form.
文摘Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial disease. Environmental factors such as viral infection(s) have been proposed as pathaetiological factors. There are particular interests in studying lymphotropic viruses such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Although previous case reports and in vitro studies suggested that they may have a role, there is no direct evidence that onset of SLE or disease exacerbation is associated with active infection by these viruses. Using the very sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, we tried to find out evidence of active replication of these viruses in patients with SLE. Methods Thirty-four patients with SLE were compared with matched normal controls. Eleven patients were newly diagnosed to have SLE and 18 of the 34 patients had active disease as determined by a SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score of ≥10 at the time of study. Results Our results showed no evidence of active replication or reactivation of EBV in the leucocytes amongst the newly diagnosed SLE patients, established SLE patients, patients with SLEDAI ≥10, patients with SLEDAI <10, and control subjects. There was no evidence of CMV infection in any of the subjects studied. The IgG and IgA responses against EBV early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) were also studied. The IgG and IgA responses against VCA of EBV were increased in patients with SLE when compared with controls. However, there were no differences in these responses among different subgroups of patients. The mechanism of these responses was not apparent but may represent non-specific hyperimmune responses in these patients. There were no differences in the titre of IgG and IgA against EBV EA between the patient groups and controls.Conclusion There is no direct evidence that either EBV or CMV plays a direct role in the onset and/or exacerbation of SLE.
基金supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of HealthNational Cancer Institutethe Center for Cancer Research
文摘Dear Editor,Human papillomaviruses(HPV)are a large group(>200genotypes)of small double-stranded DNA viruses(https://pave.niaid.nih.gov/).Although infections by most HPV types are asymptomatic,persistent infections in cervical and ano-genital epithelia by high-risk
文摘Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)is γ-2 herpesvirus with latency and lytic replication stages in its life-cycle.The viral replication and transcription activator(RTA)is the key protein for triggering KSHV lytic gene expression and replication from latency.In this review,we will discuss the gene expression program in KSHV lytic replication and latency,the regulation of the RTA expression,the RTA protein and the mechanisms that RTA utilizes to transactivate its target genes.We will focus on the RTA-mediated transactivation mechanisms,including DNA-binding,interacting with cellular co-factors and promoting repressor degradation.
文摘The conventional symmetry numbers σ_≠~' of activated complexes may lead to error in the rate constant expression of transition state theory, whereas the statistical factor ι~≠ or ι may violate the principle of detailed balance. A mathematically precise definition of the symmetry number σ_≠ of activated complex is given, i.e. σ_≠=_iN_4(?)/m, m is the number of physically distinct configurations of labelled transition state and N_i is the identical atoms in the activated complex. The identical atoms must belong to the same molecule of reactants and products. The present symmetry numbers σ_≠ of activated complexes assure not only obtaining correct rate constant expressions but also obeying the principle of detailed balance. It can be used with the statistical factor ι to construct the structures of transition states for unimolecular and bimolecular exchange reactions.
