复方地黄颗粒对帕金森病阴虚动风证6-OHDA模型大鼠黑质α-syn、VAPB、PTPIP51表达的影响

目的观察复方地黄颗粒对帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)大鼠黑质α-syn、VAPB、PTPIP51表达的影响,并探讨其潜在作用机制。方法构建6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)PD大鼠模型,成模大鼠随机分为Model组、Madopar组、CLD组、CMD组、CHD组,NC组不做任何处理,SO组注射抗坏血酸,每组13只。检测大鼠神经行为学变化;Western blot、RT-PCR、免疫组化检测黑质α-syn、VAPB、PTPIP51表达;HE染色观察黑质组织病理形态变化;透射电镜观察黑质细胞线粒体超微结构;ELISA检测各组黑质组织ATP含量变化。结果与NC组和SO组比,Model组大鼠旋转圈数和爬杆时间增加,α-syn表达升高,VAPB、PTPIP51表达降低,神经元细胞数量减少、胞体皱缩,线粒体肿胀,线粒体嵴消失,ER-线粒体接触距离变大,ATP含量降低;与Model组相比,Madopar组和CLD组、CMD组、CHD组大鼠旋转圈数和爬杆时间减少,α-syn表达降低,VAPB、PTPIP51表达升高,神经元损伤程度减轻,线粒体形态有所改善,ATP含量增加,呈量效差异性,Madopar组和CHD组相对疗效较佳且差异无统计学意义。结论复方地黄颗粒能够减轻PD大鼠行为症状,并可能通过下调α-syn表达,上调PTPIP51、VAPB表达,改善线粒体功能,从而发挥治疗PD的作用。

脑源性神经生长因子抗体对小鼠坐骨神经损伤后脊髓与背根节内Synaptophysin表达的影响

目的探查小鼠坐骨神经压榨损伤后内源性脑源性神经营养因子(brainderivedneuroliophicfactor,BDNF)对Synaptophysin(SYN)在相应脊髓前角运动细胞与背根节神经元内表达的影响。方法在小鼠一侧坐骨神经压榨损伤后腹腔注射BDNF抗体,中和内源性BDNF,然后用免疫组织化学方法观察SYN在与坐骨神经相连的脊髓前角运动细胞与背根节神经元的表达。结果实验组SYN免疫反应阳性神经元的数目较对照组明显减少,阳性细胞的平均光密度也显著下降(P<0.01)。结论小鼠坐骨神经压榨损伤后内源性BDNF可能参与脊髓前角运动细胞与背根节神经元内SYN的表达。

猴垂体前叶Synaptophysin免疫反应性的光镜观察

目的：为神经纤维对哺乳动物尤其是灵长类动物垂体前叶腺细胞的直接调节作用提供形态学证据．方法：用抗Ｓｙｎａｐｔｏｐｈｙｓｉｎ（ＳＹＮ）单克隆抗体，对ＭａｃａｃａＭｕｌａｔａ猴垂体前叶进行了免疫组化染色．结果：猴垂体前叶ＳＹＮ的免疫反应性主要有膨体型和纤维型两种形式．膨体型表现为大小不等、深染的点状结构．纤维型表现为细、短浅染的ＳＹＮ免疫反应神经纤维，其上分布着大小不等、深染的膨体．ＳＹＮ免疫反应膨体和纤维均分布在腺细胞之间，或沿着细胞团边界走行，与腺细胞密切接触．结论：猴垂体前叶ＳＹＮ免疫反应膨体反映了神经末梢中突触小泡的存在，为“哺乳动物垂体前叶神经体液双重调节的假说”

Ca^(2+)诱导的synaptophysin Ⅰ蛋白的脂筏分布

文章研究了Ca2+对synaptophysin Ⅰ(Syp Ⅰ)蛋白的脂筏分布的影响。研究结果证明,Syp Ⅰ蛋白的脂筏分布明显受到Ca2+的特异性调控。在无Ca2+的条件下,Syp Ⅰ为典型的非脂筏蛋白;而在低浓度Ca2+的条件下,Syp Ⅰ可以转变为脂筏结合蛋白。文章还研究了SypⅠ在Ca2+的诱导下进入脂筏膜微区的分子机制。研究结果表明,Syp Ⅰ在Ca2+的诱导下进入脂筏这一现象依赖于其C末端胞质区,确定了Syp Ⅰ的胞质区在这种调节中的重要性。

Combined acupuncture and HuangDiSan treatment affects behavior and synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 after neural stem cell transplantation

Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can promote the proliferation, migration and differentiation of exogenous neural stem cells in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 （SAMP8） mice and can improve learning and memory impairment and behavioral function in dementia-model mice. Thus, we sought to determine whether Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can elevate the effect of neural stem cell transplantation in Alzheimer’s disease model mice. Sanjiao acupuncture was used to stimulate Danzhong （CV17）, Zhongwan （CV12）,Qihai （CV6）, bilateral Xuehai （SP10） and bilateral Zusanli （ST36） 15 days before and after implantation of neural stem cells （5 × 10^5） into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of SAMP8 mice. Simultaneously, 0.2 mL HuangDiSan, containing Rehmannia Root and Chinese Angelica,was intragastrically administered. Our results demonstrated that compared with mice undergoing neural stem cell transplantation alone,learning ability was significantly improved and synaptophysin mRNA and protein levels were greatly increased in the hippocampus of mice undergoing both Sanjiao acupuncture and intragastric administration of HuangDiSan. We conclude that the combination of Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can effectively improve dementia symptoms in mice, and the mechanism of this action might be related to the regulation of synaptophysin expression.

Changes in Synapses and Axons Demonstrated by Synaptophysin Immunohistochemistry Following Spinal Cord Compression Trauma in the Rat and Mouse

Objective and methods To evaluate synaptic changes using synaptophysin immunohistochemstry in rat and mouse, which spinal cords were subjected to graded compression trauma at the level of Th8-9. Results Normal animals showed numerous fine dots of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the gray matter. An increase in synaptophysin immunoreactivity was observed in the neuropil and synapses at the surface of motor neurons of the anterior horns in the ThS-9 segments lost immunoreactivity at 4-hour point after trauma. The immunoreactive synapses reappeared around motor neurons at 9-day point. Unexpected accumulation of synaptophysin immunoreactivity occurred in injured axons of the white matter of the compressed spinal cord. Conclusion Synaptic changes were important components of secondary injuries in spinal cord trauma. Loss of synapses on motor neurons may be one of the factors causing motor dysfunction of hind limbs and formation of new synapses may play an import,ant role in recovery of motor function. Synaptophysin immunohistochemistry is also a good tool for studies of axonal swellings in spinal cord injuries.

Acupuncture accelerates neural regeneration and synaptophysin production after neural stem cells transplantation in mice

BACKGROUND Synaptophysin plays a key role in synaptic development and plasticity of neurons and is closely related to the cognitive process of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)patients.Exogenous neural stem cells(NSCs)improve the damaged nerve function.The effects of Sanjiao acupuncture on cognitive impairment may be related to the regulation of the NSC microenvironment.AIM To explore the anti-dementia mechanism of acupuncture by regulating the NSC microenvironment.METHODS NSCs were isolated from pregnant senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1(SAMR1)mice,labeled with BrdU,and injected into the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8(SAMP8)mice.Eight-month-old senescence-accelerated mice(SAM)were randomly divided into six groups:SAMR1(RC),SAMP8(PC),sham transplantation(PS),NSC transplantation(PT),NSC transplantation with acupuncture(PTA),and NSC transplantation with nonacupoint acupuncture(PTN).Morris water maze test was used to study the learning and memory ability of mice after NSC transplantation.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence were used to observe the histopathological changes and NSC proliferation in mice.A co-culture model of hippocampal slices and NSCs was established in vitro,and the synaptophysin expression in the hippocampal microenvironment of mice was observed by flow cytometry after acupuncture treatment.RESULTS Morris water maze test showed significant cognitive impairment of learning and memory in 8-mo-old SAMP8,which improved in all the NSC transplantation groups.The behavioral change in the PTA group was stronger than those in the other two groups(P<0.05).Histopathologically,the hippocampal structure was clear,the cell arrangement was dense and orderly,and the necrosis of cells in CA1 and CA3 areas was significantly reduced in the PTA group when compared with the PC group.The BrdU-positive proliferating cells were found in NSC hippocampal transplantation groups,and the number increased significantly in the PTA group than in the PT and PTN groups(P<0.05).Flow cytometry showed that after co-culture of NSCs with hippocampal slices in vitro,the synaptophysin expression in the PC group decreased in comparison to the RC group,that in PT,PTA,and PTN groups increased as compared to the PC group,and that in the PTA group increased significantly as compared to the PTN group with acupointrelated specificity(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture may promote nerve regeneration and synaptogenesis in SAMP8 mice by regulating the microenvironment of NSC transplantation to improve the nerve activity and promote the recovery of AD-damaged cells.

Effects of ephedrine on expression of Nogo-A and synaptophysin in neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

BACKGROUND： Central nervous system axons regenerate poorly following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage （HIBD）, partly due to inhibitors, such as Nogo-A. Very few studies have addressed the regulation of Nogo-A in neonatal rats following HIBD. However, numerous studies have shown that ephedrine accelerates neuronal remodeling and promotes recovery of neural function in neonatal rats following HIBD. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of ephedrine on expression of Nogo-A and synaptophysin in brain tissues of neonatal rats following HIBD. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A completely randomized, controlled study was performed at the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of the Research Institute of Pediatrics, Children＇s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2008 to March 2009. MATERIALS： Ephedrine hydrochloride （Chifeng Pharmaceutical Group, China）, rabbit anti-Nogo-A polyclonal antibody （Abcam, UK）, and rabbit anti-synaptophysin polyclonal antibody （Lab Vision, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： A total of 96 healthy, neonatal, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups （n = 32）： sham operation, HIBD, and ephedrine. The HIBD model was established by permanent occlusion of the left common carotid artery, followed by 2 hours of hypoxia （8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen）. In the sham operation group, the left common carotid artery was exposed, but was not ligated or subjected to hypoxia. Rats in the ephedrine group were intraperitoneally injected with ephedrine immediately following HIBD, with 1.5 mg/kg each time. Rats in the sham operation and HIBD groups were injected with an equal volume of saline. All neonatal rats were treated once daily for 7 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histopathological damage to the cortex and hippocampus was determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of Nogo-A and synaptophysin was detected using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS： Neuronal degeneration and edema were observed in the hypoxJc-Jschemic cortex and hippocampus by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Compared with the sham operation group, the levels of Nogo-A significantly increased in the HIBD group at various time points （P 〈 0.01）. Nogo-A expression was significantly reduced in the ephedrine group compared with the HIBD group （P 〈 0.01）. Synaptophysin expression was significantly decreased in the hypoxic-ischemJc cortex, compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01）. Synaptophysin levels were significantly increased in the ephedrine group, compared with the HIBD group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Altered Nogo-A expression was associated with inversely altered synaptophysin expression. The use of ephedrine normalized expression levels of Nogo-A and synaptophysin following HIBD.

Effects of “Nourishing Liver and Kidney” Acupuncture Therapy on Expression of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Synaptophysin after Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ＂nourishing liver and kidney＂ acupuncture therapy on motor and cognitive deficits,and the underlying mechanism following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion（I/R） via increasing the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） and synaptophysin（SYN） in the hippocampus.Healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group（n=51）,model group（n=51）,acupuncture group（n=51） and acupuncture control group（n=51）.The middle cerebral I/R model was established.Acupunctures were performed in the acupuncture group and acupuncture control group at acupoints of Taixi（K103）,Taichong（ST09） of both sides,for 30 min once daily every morning.The animals in the sham operation group and model group were conventionally fed in the cage,without any intervention therapy.The rats of each group were assessed with modified neurological severity scores（m NSS）.The expression of BDNF and SYN in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemical SP method and the synaptic structure in hippocampus area was assessed morphologically and quantitatively at the 3rd,7th and 14 th day.The Morris water Maze（MWM） test was used to evaluate the rats＇ learning and memory abilities on the 15 th day after acupuncture.The animals in the acupuncture control group and sham operation group presented no neurological deficit.In the acupuncture group,the nerve functional recovery was significantly better than that in the model group at the 7th and 14 th day after modeling.The average MWM escape latency in the acupuncture group was shorter than that in the model group at the 3rd,4th and 5th day.The number of crossings of the platform quadrant in the acupuncture group was significantly more than that in the model group.At the each time point,the expression levels of BDNF and SYN in the hippocampal regions increased significantly in the model group as compared with the sham operation group and the acupuncture control group.In the acupuncture group,the expression levels of BDNF at the 7th and 14 th day increased more significantly than those in the model group.In the acupuncture group,the expression levels of SYN at the each time point increased more significantly than those in the model group.The post-synaptic density（PSD） was significantly increased and the synapse cleft width was narrowed in the acupuncture group as compared with other groups.The synaptic curvatures were improved obviously in the acupuncture group in contrast to the model group.It was concluded that the ＂nourishing liver and kidney＂ acupuncture therapy has positive effects on behavioral recovery,as well as learning and memory abilities,probably by promoting the expression of BDNF and SYN,and synaptic structure reconstruction in the ipsilateral hippocampus after I/R in rats.The ＂nourishing liver and kidney＂ acupuncture therapy can promote the functional recovery in rats after cerebral ischemia injury.

Effect of Panaxtriol Saponins on synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95 expression at different periods of cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： The change in expression of synaptophysin （Syp） and postsynaptic density-95 （PSD-95） alters after cerebral infarction, and the plasticity of synapses contributes greatly to nerve function recovery. Chinese medicinal substances may play an important role in the expression of Syp and PSD-95. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of Panaxtriol Saponins （PTS）, an active component in Sanqi tongshu capsules, on the expression of Syp and PSD-95 after cerebral infarction at different time points in rats, so as to examine the cerebral function remodeling mechanism. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized and controlled observation which was performed in Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to March, 2007. MATERIALS： Twenty-six healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion based on the Longa method. Sanqi tongshu capsules （containing 100 mg PTS per tablet） were provided by the Chengdu Huashen Group and nimodipine tablets （30 mg） by Tianjin Zhongyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into an operation group （n = 21 ） and a control group （n = 5）. The operation group underwent the EZ Longa procedure to make the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. After surgery rats were randomly divided into a model group, a PTS group and a nimodipine group, with seven rats in each group. Rats were intragastrically administrated with saline （2 mL/d） in the model group, with Sanqi tongshu capsule （5.4 mg/100 g/d） in the PTS group, and with nimodipine （1.73 mg/100 g/d） in the nimodipine group. Rats in the control group did not undergo model establishment and drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The expressions of Syp and PSD-95 were measured by immunohistochemical and image analysis at days 3, 7 and 28 after the operation. RESULTS： The expression of Syp and PSD-95 in the operation group was significantly lower than in the control group at days 3, 7, 28 postoperatively （P 〈 0.05）. The expression of Syp and PSD-95 in the PTS group and nimodipine group was significantly higher than in the model group at day 28 postoperatively （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Additionally, after PTS and nimodipine treatment at different intervals, the expression of Syp and PSD-95 at day 28 postoperatively was significantly higher than those at days 3 and 7 postoperatively, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： PTS can promote the expression of Syp and PSD-95, i.e. the remodeling process of synapses, after cerebral infarction at different time points in rats, which contributes to cerebral function remodeling.

Influence of acupuncture with exercise training on learning and memory functions, as well as microtubule-associated protein-2 and synaptophysin expression in the hippocampal CA3 region, in a rat model of cerebral infarction

The present study was designed to determine microtubule-associated protein-2 and synaptophysin expression in the hippocampal CA3 region in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The rats were treated with acupuncture at Baihui （GV 20）, Qubin （GB 7）, and Qianding （GV 21） points, in addition to exercise training. Results were compared with rats undergoing exercise training only. The Y-maze method and immunohistochemistry revealed decreased error frequency of passing through Y-maze, as well as significantly increased microtubule-associated protein-2 and synaptophysin expression, in the acupuncture with exercise training group compared with the model and exercise training groups after 5 weeks. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and synaptophysin expressions negatively correlated with error frequency of passing through the Y-maze. These results suggested that acupuncture combined with exercise training improved learning and memory functions in a rat model of cerebral infarction. The mechanisms of action were hypothesized to be associated with dendritic or synaptic plasticity in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA3 region.

Effects of genistein and 17 beta-estradiol on hippocampal synaptophysin expression in ovariectomized rats

BACKGROUND： Phytoestrogen, derived from plants, is an estrogen-like element, and is effective and safe for estrogen replacement. OBJECTIVE： To compare the interventional effects of genistein and 17 S-estradiol on learning and memory and synaptophysin （SYN） expression in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats.DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING： Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University. MATERIALS： 130 healthy female Sprague Dawley （SD） rats, 6 months old and weighing （293.1 ± 10.2） g, were provided by the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. This animal experiment received confirmed consent from the local ethics committee. All rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including baseline group （n= 10）, sham operation group （n = 30）, ovariectomized group （n = 30）, genistein group （n = 30）, and 17 β -estradiol group （n = 30）. Rats in the latter four groups were observed for 3 weeks （n = 10） and for 15 weeks （n = 20） after model establishment. METHODS： This study was performed at the Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University from August 2005 to January 2006. Animals were not submitted to any treatment in the baseline group, but anesthetized and sacrificed at the 7 months of age. After anesthesia in the ovariectomized, genistein, and 17 S-estradiol groups, both ovaries were separated and resected to establish an ovariectomized model. The same volume of fat was resected in the sham operation group. After surgery, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg genistein in the genistein group,10μg/kg 17 β -estradiol in the 17 β-estradiol group, and 0.1 mL/100 g dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）/polyethylene glycol （PEG）-200 stock solution in the sham operation and ovariectomized groups once a day until one day before sacrifice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：① Learning and memory changes of SD rats were detected using water maze behavioral testing 3 and 15 weeks after surgery. ② SYN expression in the hippocampus was measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： A total of 16 out of 130 rats died due to infection, and 114 rats were included in the final analysis. ① Comparison of water maze results from the five groups： by 3 and 15 weeks after surgery, escape latency was prolonged and platform-crossing times decreased in the ovariectomized group compared to the baseline, genistein, 17 β-estradiol, and sham operation groups （t = 4.17 14.64, P 〈 0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in escape latency and platform-crossing times among the sham operation, genistein, and 17 S-estradiol groups （P 〉 0.05）. ② Distribution and quantity of SYN immunoreactive products in hippocampus： SYN-immunoreactive cells stained darkly in the baseline and sham operation groups, but were lightly stained in the genistein, 17 S -estradiol, and ovariectomized groups. In particular, SYN-immunoreactive cells stained lightly in the ovariectomized group 15 weeks after surgery. SYN correction gray values in hippocampal sub-regions, especially in the mossy fiber layer of the CA3 region, of the ovariectomized group was lower compared to the baseline, sham operation, 17 β -estradiol, and genistein groups （t = 12.57 23.92, P 〈 0.05） 15 weeks after surgery. However, there were no significant differences in SYN correction gray values among the baseline, sham operation, 17 β -estradiol and genistein groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Genistein or 17 β -estradiol supplemental therapy antagonizes memory deterioration, due to endogenous estrogen deficiency and blocks the decrease of SYN expression in the hippocampus. The effect of genistein is similar to 17 β -estradiol.

Perlecan and synaptophysin changes in denervated skeletal muscle

The present study observed sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle changes in denervated rats using morphology methods, and assessed expression of perlecan, an extracellular matrix component, which is located at the skeletal muscle cell surface as acetylcholine esterase, as well as synaptophysin, a synaptic marker. Results showed degeneration and inflammation following transection of the sciatic nerve. In addition, the sciatic nerve-dominated skeletal muscle degenerated with mild inflammation, indicating that skeletal muscle atrophy primarily contributed to denervation-induced nutritional disturbances. With prolonged injury time （1-4 weeks post-injury）, perlecan expression gradually decreased and reached the lowest level at 4 weeks, but synaptophysin expression remained unchanged after denervation. Results suggested that perlecan expression was more sensitive to denervation and reflected regional extracellular matrix changes following denervation.

Effects of electroacupuncture versus nimodipine on long-term potentiation and synaptophysin expression in a rat model of vascular dementia

The present study stimulated Baihui （DU 20） and Dazhui （DU 14） acupoints in a rat model of vascular dementia with electroacupuncture to investigate changes in long-term potentiation and synaptophysin expression in the hippocampus. The results revealed that synaptophysin expression in brain tissues was increased after electroacupuncture. After high4requency stimulation, the population spike latency was shortened and the excitatory postsynaptic potential slope and population spike amplitude were increased. In addition, cognitive function was enhanced, similar to the effects of intragastric perfusion of nimodipine. The results indicated that electroacupuncture at Baihui and Dazhui acupoints can improve learning and memory functions of a rat model of vascular dementia by promoting synaptophysin expression, enhancing hippocampal synaptic plasticity and accelerating synaptic transmission.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes neurological functional recovery in rats with traumatic brain injury by upregulating synaptic plasticity-related proteins

Studies have shown that repetitive transcra nial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)can enhance synaptic plasticity and improve neurological dysfunction.Howeve r,the mechanism through which rTMS can improve moderate traumatic brain injury remains poorly understood.In this study,we established rat models of moderate traumatic brain injury using Feeney's weight-dropping method and treated them using rTMS.To help determine the mechanism of action,we measured levels of seve ral impo rtant brain activity-related proteins and their mRNA.On the injured side of the brain,we found that rTMS increased the protein levels and mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,tropomyosin receptor kinase B,N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1,and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein,which are closely associated with the occurrence of long-term potentiation.rTMS also partially reve rsed the loss of synaptophysin after injury and promoted the remodeling of synaptic ultrastructure.These findings suggest that upregulation of synaptic plasticity-related protein expression is the mechanism through which rTMS promotes neurological function recovery after moderate traumatic brain injury.

基于大数据和无线通信的微耕机通信系统研究

介绍了微耕机通信系统总体结构和转向控制结构,基于MSP430F149微处理器、无线射频SYNF115发送模块和SYN480R接收模块,完成了微耕机通信系统硬件部分的设计,并结合软件部分实现了一套基于大数据和无线通信的微耕机通信系统。试验结果表明:无线遥控器可以实现对微耕机前进、停止、左右转向的控制,实际控制距离可以达到1.5km,验证了系统的可行性。

免疫性血栓性血小板减少性紫癜临床误诊分析

目的分析免疫性血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(iTTP)的临床表现、误诊原因、防范误诊措施。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2023年12月收治的曾误诊为其他疾病的9例iTTP患者的临床资料。结果9例急性起病,表现为典型“三联征”3例,“三联征”合并发热1例,合并肾功能损害1例,典型“五联征”4例。9例误诊为HELLP综合征、弥散性血管内凝血、Evans综合征、溶血尿毒综合征各1例,病毒性脑炎2例,急性肾功能衰竭3例。9例按初诊疾病治疗效果差而转我院,后根据临床症状、外周血红细胞计数、血涂片找红细胞碎片、乳酸脱氢酶、间接胆红素及骨髓象分析、血管性血友病因子裂解蛋白酶13(ADAMTS13)活性及抑制物检测确诊为iTTP。误诊时间3~7 d。9例确诊后均采用治疗性血浆置换,其中7例联合糖皮质激素治疗、2例联合利妥昔单抗治疗。经治疗死亡1例,8例随访1年,病情稳定,均无复发。结论iTTP发病率低,临床表现多样,极易误诊。加强临床医生对该病的认识、提高警惕性,对于高度可疑病例应尽早行ADAMTS13活性及抗体检测,以提高本病的确诊率。

铜过载调控的细胞死亡方式在骨骼肌衰老萎缩中的作用

骨骼肌衰老是机体衰老的相关生物学事件,以质量丢失和功能衰退为显著特征,金属组学尤其是铜金属组学在其中的功能角色正日益得到关注。铜金属组学在衰老状态下表现为铜过载,其触发的毒理效应具有激活骨骼肌细胞中发生凋亡、焦亡、铁死亡、铜死亡及并促进α突触核蛋白聚集的特异性分子潜力,相关的信号级联最终可诱导衰老肌纤维中蛋白质、线粒体和卫星细胞等内容物代谢失衡及裂解丢失,同时可触发神经肌肉接头(neuromuscular junction, NMJ)退化和异常,是骨骼肌衰老萎缩的新型病理生理机制。本综述首次系统地解码骨骼肌衰老萎缩调控网络中铜的分子生物学功能、衰老骨骼肌中铜过载的潜在机制,以及铜过载诱导的多种细胞死亡形式例如凋亡、焦亡、铁死亡及铜死亡的信号转导途径在骨骼肌衰老萎缩中的新角色,为临床上应用铜螯合改善和治疗骨骼肌衰老萎缩提供潜在分子靶点和方案选择。

加味破格救心汤联合针刺治疗脓毒症心肌病(心肾阳虚证)的临床研究

目的探究加味破格救心汤联合针刺对脓毒症心肌病(SIC)的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法研究对象为2022年3月至2023年9月收入成都市第一人民医院重症医学科(ICU)的108例脓毒症心肌病患者。按随机数字表法分为对照组与治疗组各54例。两组患者均予以脓毒症西医常规治疗,在此基础上,治疗组加用加味破格救心汤,每日1剂,早中晚各100 mL分服;同时针刺双侧足三里、关元、内关,每日针刺2次,两组均连续治疗7 d。于治疗前后检测患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、肌钙蛋白(I cTnI)、N末端脑钠利肽前体(NT-proBNP)、血乳酸水平(Lac)等指标;计算急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ评分)、序贯器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA评分);超声心动图测算左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)及二尖瓣舒张早期与晚期血流峰值流速比值(E/A);同时记录心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、机械通气时间、使用血管活性药物时间、ICU住院时间、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)发生率及28 d病死率。结果两组治疗后炎症指标、心功能指标及血流动力学均较治疗前明显改善,且治疗组各项指标改善程度均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组治疗后APACHEⅡ和SOFA评分均较前明显下降,且治疗组下降更为明显;治疗组使用血管活性药物时间、ICU住院时间较对照组明显缩短,MODS发生率和28 d病死率虽较对照组有所降低,但差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论加味破格救心汤联合针刺可改善SIC患者的预后,其机制可能与抑制炎症反应,改善心功能有关。

基于“脾失运化”探讨运脾法调节多囊卵巢综合征内质网应激作用

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是临床常见的异质性疾病,生殖障碍和代谢异常为本病两大病理特征。内质网应激指的是由于多种因素导致未折叠和(或)蛋白质聚集,通过恢复蛋白质正确的折叠方式的一种真核细胞的适应性反应。通过对脾主运化理论的古籍文献梳理发现,脾脏运化水谷,将精微物质布散周身的功能与现代医学中内质网在细胞中的重要作用有着类似之处,即通过承担蛋白质折叠和钙储存等多项任务,保证细胞能够正常发挥生理功能。若脾失运化,痰湿阻滞是本病的核心病机,现代研究认为内质网应激能够较好地阐释脾失运化的发生学原理,这与中医学的病机认识相同。因本病的发病机制与内质网应激存在相似之处,即其发生发展均与炎症、氧化应激、雄激素过多和胰岛素合成及分泌异常等相关。内质网应激的发生可能在PCOS的疾病进展中扮演着重要角色。运脾法能够延缓内质网应激的发生,同时也可有效缓解PCOS的肥胖、胰岛素代偿性增高等相关特征。因此,缓解内质网应激有望成为治疗本病的新思路。健运脾气,补益脾阳为本病治疗大法,从恢复脾运的角度调控内质网应激,以期为改善PCOS相关临床症状提供不同的治疗角度。