Background:Super-responders(SRs)to cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)regain near-normal or normal cardiac function.The extent of cardiac synchrony of SRs and whether continuous biventricular(BIV)pacing is needed r...Background:Super-responders(SRs)to cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)regain near-normal or normal cardiac function.The extent of cardiac synchrony of SRs and whether continuous biventricular(BIV)pacing is needed remain unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac electrical and mechanical synchrony of SRs.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed CRT recipients between 2008 and 2016 in 2 centers to identify SRs,whose left ventricular(LV)ejection fraction was increased to≥50%at follow-up.Cardiac synchrony was evaluated in intrinsic and BIV-paced rhythms.Electrical synchrony was estimated by QRS duration and LV mechanical synchrony by single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging.Results:Seventeen SRs were included with LV ejection fraction increased from 33.0±4.6%to 59.3±6.3%.The intrinsic QRS duration after super-response was 148.8±30.0 ms,significantly shorter than baseline(174.8±11.9 ms,P=0.004,t=3.379)but longer than BIV-paced level(135.5±16.7 ms,P=0.042,t=2.211).Intrinsic LV mechanical synchrony significantly improved after super-response(phase standard deviation[PSD],51.1±16.5°vs.19.8±8.1°,P<0.001,t=5.726;phase histogram bandwidth(PHB),171.7±64.2°vs.60.5±22.9°,P<0.001,t=5.376)but was inferior to BIV-paced synchrony(PSD,19.8±8.1°vs.15.2±6.4°,P=0.005,t=3.414;PHB,60.5±22.9°vs.46.0±16.3°,P=0.009,t=3.136).Conclusions:SRs had significant improvements in cardiac electrical and LV mechanical synchrony.Since intrinsic synchrony of SRs was still inferior to BIV-paced rhythm,continued BIV pacing is needed to maintain longstanding and synchronized contraction.展开更多
This article reviews the psychological and neuroscience achievements in concept learning since 2010 from the perspectives of individual learning and social learning,and discusses several issues related to concept lear...This article reviews the psychological and neuroscience achievements in concept learning since 2010 from the perspectives of individual learning and social learning,and discusses several issues related to concept learning,including the assistance of machine learning about concept learning.In terms of individual learning,current evidence shows that the brain tends to process concrete concepts through typical features(shared features);and for abstract concepts,semantic processing is the most important cognitive way.In terms of social learning,interpersonal neural synchrony(INS)is considered the main indicator of efficient knowledge transfer(such as teaching activities between teachers and students),but this phenomenon only broadens the channels for concept sources and does not change the basic mode of individual concept learning.Ultimately,this article argues that the way the human brain processes concepts depends on the concept’s own characteristics,so there are no“better”strategies in teaching,only more“suitable”strategies.展开更多
Abnormal synchronous neuronal activity has been widely detected by brain imaging of autistic patients,but its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear.Compared with wild-type mice,our in vivo two-photon imaging sho...Abnormal synchronous neuronal activity has been widely detected by brain imaging of autistic patients,but its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear.Compared with wild-type mice,our in vivo two-photon imaging showed that transgenic(Tgl)mice over-expressing human autism risk gene MeCP2 exhibited higher neuronal synchrony in the young but lower synchrony in the adult stage.Whole-cell recording of neuronal pairs in brain slices revealed that higher neuronal synchrony in young postnatal Tgl mice was atributed mainly to more prevalent giant slow inward currents(SICs).Both in vivo and slice imaging further demonstrated more dynamic activity and higher synchrony in astrocytes from young Tgl mice.Blocking astrocytic gap junctions markedly decreased the generation of SICs and overall cell synchrony in the Tgl brain.Furthermore,the expression level of Cx43 protein and the coupling efficiency of astrocyte gap junctions remained unchanged in Tgi mice.Thus,astrocytic gap junctions facilitate but do not act as a direct trigger for the abnormal neuronal synchrony in young Tgl mice,revealing the potential role of the astrocyte network in the pathogenesis of MeCP2 duplication syndrome.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the grants from the Science and Technology Department of Suzhou City(No.KJXW2017057)the Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2016764)from the Training Program of“the National Tutorial System”of Suzhou City.
文摘Background:Super-responders(SRs)to cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)regain near-normal or normal cardiac function.The extent of cardiac synchrony of SRs and whether continuous biventricular(BIV)pacing is needed remain unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac electrical and mechanical synchrony of SRs.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed CRT recipients between 2008 and 2016 in 2 centers to identify SRs,whose left ventricular(LV)ejection fraction was increased to≥50%at follow-up.Cardiac synchrony was evaluated in intrinsic and BIV-paced rhythms.Electrical synchrony was estimated by QRS duration and LV mechanical synchrony by single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging.Results:Seventeen SRs were included with LV ejection fraction increased from 33.0±4.6%to 59.3±6.3%.The intrinsic QRS duration after super-response was 148.8±30.0 ms,significantly shorter than baseline(174.8±11.9 ms,P=0.004,t=3.379)but longer than BIV-paced level(135.5±16.7 ms,P=0.042,t=2.211).Intrinsic LV mechanical synchrony significantly improved after super-response(phase standard deviation[PSD],51.1±16.5°vs.19.8±8.1°,P<0.001,t=5.726;phase histogram bandwidth(PHB),171.7±64.2°vs.60.5±22.9°,P<0.001,t=5.376)but was inferior to BIV-paced synchrony(PSD,19.8±8.1°vs.15.2±6.4°,P=0.005,t=3.414;PHB,60.5±22.9°vs.46.0±16.3°,P=0.009,t=3.136).Conclusions:SRs had significant improvements in cardiac electrical and LV mechanical synchrony.Since intrinsic synchrony of SRs was still inferior to BIV-paced rhythm,continued BIV pacing is needed to maintain longstanding and synchronized contraction.
文摘This article reviews the psychological and neuroscience achievements in concept learning since 2010 from the perspectives of individual learning and social learning,and discusses several issues related to concept learning,including the assistance of machine learning about concept learning.In terms of individual learning,current evidence shows that the brain tends to process concrete concepts through typical features(shared features);and for abstract concepts,semantic processing is the most important cognitive way.In terms of social learning,interpersonal neural synchrony(INS)is considered the main indicator of efficient knowledge transfer(such as teaching activities between teachers and students),but this phenomenon only broadens the channels for concept sources and does not change the basic mode of individual concept learning.Ultimately,this article argues that the way the human brain processes concepts depends on the concept’s own characteristics,so there are no“better”strategies in teaching,only more“suitable”strategies.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32010100)a National Natural Science Foundation of China project(31671113)+1 种基金a Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)and the State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience.
文摘Abnormal synchronous neuronal activity has been widely detected by brain imaging of autistic patients,but its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear.Compared with wild-type mice,our in vivo two-photon imaging showed that transgenic(Tgl)mice over-expressing human autism risk gene MeCP2 exhibited higher neuronal synchrony in the young but lower synchrony in the adult stage.Whole-cell recording of neuronal pairs in brain slices revealed that higher neuronal synchrony in young postnatal Tgl mice was atributed mainly to more prevalent giant slow inward currents(SICs).Both in vivo and slice imaging further demonstrated more dynamic activity and higher synchrony in astrocytes from young Tgl mice.Blocking astrocytic gap junctions markedly decreased the generation of SICs and overall cell synchrony in the Tgl brain.Furthermore,the expression level of Cx43 protein and the coupling efficiency of astrocyte gap junctions remained unchanged in Tgi mice.Thus,astrocytic gap junctions facilitate but do not act as a direct trigger for the abnormal neuronal synchrony in young Tgl mice,revealing the potential role of the astrocyte network in the pathogenesis of MeCP2 duplication syndrome.