Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was...Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was applied to evaluate the effects of 4 variables by UAPE on cAMP yield.The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield(783.0μg/g)was derived at ratio of liquid to solid 5 mL/g,ratio of pectinase to raw material 1.5%,time 60 min and temperature 40℃.Moreover,the effect of cAMP on the anti-allergic function of action induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE)and its meschanism was investigated through establishing the sensitized cell model in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2 H3)cells using dinitrophenylated(DNP)-bovine serum albumin(BSA)-IgE.The results showed that cAMP interfered with sensitized cells,effectively inhibited the occurrence of basophil degranulation in dose dependence,and significantly reduced the activity ofβ-hexosamindase(β-hex),at the optimal concentration of 50μg/mL.The level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was promoted and the content of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was suppressed by cAMP.In addition,influx of intracellular Ca^(2+) was repressed effectively.Our results demonstrate that jujube cAMP regulated the cytokine balance in the allergy pathway through blocking the influx of extracellular Ca^(2+),with the prevention of allergy symptoms.展开更多
Objective: To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis(A. nipponensis). Methods: Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction paramet...Objective: To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis(A. nipponensis). Methods: Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction parameters for ecdysterones and flavonoids. Finally, the hepatoprotective abilities of A. nipponensis extracts were evaluated by CCl_4-induced animal models. Results:Maximum yields of flavonoids(7.87±0.10) mg/g and ecdysterones(0.73±0.02) mg/g could be obtained when the extraction time was 50 min, the extraction temperature was 60 ℃, and the ratio of sample to 70%(v/v) ethanol was 1:20(w/w). The antioxidant property of A. nipponensis was correlated to the concentration of its extracts. At 5 mg/m L, A. nipponensisextract scavenged 84.8% of DPPH radical and had absorbance values of 2.43±0.04 reducing power. Upon CCl_4-induced liver injury, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased significantly after the mice were treated with A. nipponensis. Histological researches also explained that A. nipponensis reduced the extent of liver lesions induced by CCl_4. Conclusions: A. nipponensis exhibited potent antioxidant activity in chemical experimental models and hepatoprotective effect against CCl_4-induced liver damage.展开更多
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of American ginseng polysaccharides (AGP) was investigated using response surface methodology. Three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the ultrason...Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of American ginseng polysaccharides (AGP) was investigated using response surface methodology. Three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the ultrasonic power, extraction time and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high AGP yield. The analysis of variance and response surface plots indicated that ultrasonic power was the most important factor affecting the extraction yield. The optimal conditions were ultrasonic power 400 W, extraction time 71 min, and ratio of water to raw material 33 mL g-1. Under these conditions, the yield of AGP was 8.09%, which was agreed closely to the predicted value. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed that AGP was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of AGP. In addition, AGP exhibited good immunostimulating activities by up-regulating the production of nitric oxide and cytokines. Compared with hot water extraction, UAE required shorter extraction time and gave a higher extraction yield, without changing the structure and immunostimulating activity of AGP. The results indicated that UAE could be an effective and advisable technique for the large scale production of plant polysaccharides.展开更多
[Objectives] This study aimed to optimize the conditions for pressurized synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from Artemisia argyi .[Methods] Single factor experiments and orthogon...[Objectives] This study aimed to optimize the conditions for pressurized synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from Artemisia argyi .[Methods] Single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were conducted.[Results] Pressurization had a significant effect on the extraction rate of chemical constituents of A. argyi . The optimal conditions for pressurized synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from A. argyi were as follows: solvent concentration of 70%, solid to liquid ratio of 1∶ 30 (g/mL), extraction pressure of 0.9 MPa, extraction time of 40 min and extraction temperature of 90 ℃. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the yields of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid were 0.852%, 4.66% and 6.79%, respectively.[Conclusions] Compared with other extraction methods, the pressurized assistant solvent extraction method can achieve the synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from A. argyi . The process is stable, short in extraction time, high in solvent utilization rate and ideal in extraction effect of the three components from A. argyi .展开更多
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)was designed for carbazole separation from anthracene slag(AS).The effects of liquid/solid ratio,temperature,and extraction t...Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)was designed for carbazole separation from anthracene slag(AS).The effects of liquid/solid ratio,temperature,and extraction times on carbazole separation were investigated.When using CC14 and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents and combining with MPLC,carbazole recovery and purity are 75.1%and 95.4%,respectively.The mechanism for carbazole separation were presumed by examining intermolecular interactions such as N-H…π,π-π,and C-Cl…πinteractions.These results demonstrate that UAE/MPLC has a considerable potential as a green and promising strategy for separating and purifying carbazole and other chemicals from AS.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of quercetin from Flos Sophorae Immaturus.[Methods]The natural product quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was extracted by ultrason...[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of quercetin from Flos Sophorae Immaturus.[Methods]The natural product quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted method,and the content of quercetin in the extract was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The effect of ethanol concentration,solid/liquid ratio,temperature,time and ultrasonic power on the yield of quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was investigated by using single-factor experiments.Based on the results of single-factor experiments,an orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction process.The experimental data obtained were subjected to range analysis,analysis of variance and SSR test using SPSS 20.0 software to obtain the optimal extraction process.The results concluded were verified.[Results]The optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was as follows:temperature of 85℃,time of 30 min,solid/liquid ratio of 1∶20 g/mL,ethanol concentration of 50%.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the yield of quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was the highest.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus.展开更多
As a kind of biopolymer,hydrolysates of fish swim bladder,safer than those of land mammals,are widely used in food,cosmetics as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical fields for their biocompatibility,biodegradability,...As a kind of biopolymer,hydrolysates of fish swim bladder,safer than those of land mammals,are widely used in food,cosmetics as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical fields for their biocompatibility,biodegradability,and weak antigenicity.To enhance hydrolysate production,in this paper,the papain and alcalase hydrolysis processes of larimichthys polyactis swim bladder were optimized with orthogonal experiments.With 89.5%hydrolysate yield,the optimal processing conditions for alcalase were solid-liquid ratio of 1:30,enzyme concentration of 0.7%,and extraction time of 6 h.As for papain,under the optimal processing conditions:solid-liquid ratio of 1:20,enzyme concentration of 0.5%,and extraction time of 8 h,the hydrolysate yield was 65.1%.To obtain higher hydrolysate yields,the ultrasonic pretreatments were implemented before the optimal enzyme hydrolysis processes.With ultrasonic waves of 100 W for 50 min,the hydrolysate yields were increased 2.1%(alcalase)and 4.5%(papain),respectively.The Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectroscopic analysis revealed that the hydrolysates extracted by papain exist in triple-helical forms.The Ultra-Violet(UV)absorption spectra indicated that the aromatic amino acids in the hydrolysates had strong absorptions in the wavelength range of 240 nm–300 nm.The results of this research demonstrate that the alcalase hydrolysates have better solubility in water and the solution is more stable under ambient temperature.However,the hydrolysates extracted by papain have a gel property and are insoluble in weak acid at room temperature,which is more suitable for applications in feedstock of biomedical.展开更多
In this paper, we address the problem of blind extraction and separation of a continuous chaotic signal from a linear mixture consisting of some chaotic signal and/or random signals. The problem of blind extraction is...In this paper, we address the problem of blind extraction and separation of a continuous chaotic signal from a linear mixture consisting of some chaotic signal and/or random signals. The problem of blind extraction is firstly formulated as a problem of the synchronization-based parameter estimation. Then an efficient least square based parameter estimation method is introduced to determine the desired extracting vector. The proposed blind signal extraction scheme is applicable to blind separation of chaotic signals by formulating the separation problem as the extraction of each chaotic source. Numerical simulation shows that the proposed approach can blindly extract and separate the desired chaotic signals and it is also robust to measurement noise.展开更多
为了提供更加稳定可靠的能量,针对异质能的混合能量俘获问题,提出了一种基于同步电荷提取和翻转的可扩展异质能量俘获(Extensible Synchronous Charge Extraction and Inversion for Heterogeneous Energy Harvesting,EH-SCEI)电路。所...为了提供更加稳定可靠的能量,针对异质能的混合能量俘获问题,提出了一种基于同步电荷提取和翻转的可扩展异质能量俘获(Extensible Synchronous Charge Extraction and Inversion for Heterogeneous Energy Harvesting,EH-SCEI)电路。所提出的EH-SCEI电路,利用无源的峰值检测电路和RC微分电路在压电电压峰值时实现异质能源同步提取,并提出将部分电荷提取到储能端而另一部分电荷进行翻转以提高俘能效率的方法。仿真和实验结果均表明,所提出的电路可以对多个具有任意相位差的压电换能器进行能量采集并可根据实际的应用场景进行扩展;与现有电路相比,在输入输出范围、负载相关性、俘获效率等性能上,均有较大改善。展开更多
In order to optimize the ultrasonic extraction technique for the total flavonoid of leaf yellows plus, the contents of 21 leaf yellows plus total flavonoid from four regions in Heilongjiang Province were comparatively...In order to optimize the ultrasonic extraction technique for the total flavonoid of leaf yellows plus, the contents of 21 leaf yellows plus total flavonoid from four regions in Heilongjiang Province were comparatively analyzed. The ultrasonic extraction technology was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method, and the total flavonoid content of 21 kinds of Acanthopanax senticosus(Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms from different producing areas were analyzed by cluster analysis. The optimal process conditions were determined as ultrasonic time 30 min, solid-liquid ratio 1 : 12 and ultrasonic power 250 W, and the average yield of the total flavonoid was 1.453 mg·g^ (-1). By optimizing the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, the total flavonoid content from different producing areas was compared in the experiment, which provided certain data support for the optimization of the extraction process in the future and laid a certain theoretical foundation for the quality analysis of Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
基金supported by grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1602201)the Open Research Fund Program of Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development,Beijing Technology and Business University(PRRD-2021-YB8)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Fund(31601395)the Key Program for Shaanxi Science and Technology(2020NY-146)。
文摘Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was applied to evaluate the effects of 4 variables by UAPE on cAMP yield.The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield(783.0μg/g)was derived at ratio of liquid to solid 5 mL/g,ratio of pectinase to raw material 1.5%,time 60 min and temperature 40℃.Moreover,the effect of cAMP on the anti-allergic function of action induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE)and its meschanism was investigated through establishing the sensitized cell model in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2 H3)cells using dinitrophenylated(DNP)-bovine serum albumin(BSA)-IgE.The results showed that cAMP interfered with sensitized cells,effectively inhibited the occurrence of basophil degranulation in dose dependence,and significantly reduced the activity ofβ-hexosamindase(β-hex),at the optimal concentration of 50μg/mL.The level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was promoted and the content of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was suppressed by cAMP.In addition,influx of intracellular Ca^(2+) was repressed effectively.Our results demonstrate that jujube cAMP regulated the cytokine balance in the allergy pathway through blocking the influx of extracellular Ca^(2+),with the prevention of allergy symptoms.
基金in part supported by the Forestry Bureau of the Republic of China(Taiwan)(NO.99-06-5-02)
文摘Objective: To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis(A. nipponensis). Methods: Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction parameters for ecdysterones and flavonoids. Finally, the hepatoprotective abilities of A. nipponensis extracts were evaluated by CCl_4-induced animal models. Results:Maximum yields of flavonoids(7.87±0.10) mg/g and ecdysterones(0.73±0.02) mg/g could be obtained when the extraction time was 50 min, the extraction temperature was 60 ℃, and the ratio of sample to 70%(v/v) ethanol was 1:20(w/w). The antioxidant property of A. nipponensis was correlated to the concentration of its extracts. At 5 mg/m L, A. nipponensisextract scavenged 84.8% of DPPH radical and had absorbance values of 2.43±0.04 reducing power. Upon CCl_4-induced liver injury, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased significantly after the mice were treated with A. nipponensis. Histological researches also explained that A. nipponensis reduced the extent of liver lesions induced by CCl_4. Conclusions: A. nipponensis exhibited potent antioxidant activity in chemical experimental models and hepatoprotective effect against CCl_4-induced liver damage.
基金financially supported by the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2011DFG32500)the Sci & Tech Innovation Program of CAAS
文摘Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of American ginseng polysaccharides (AGP) was investigated using response surface methodology. Three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the ultrasonic power, extraction time and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high AGP yield. The analysis of variance and response surface plots indicated that ultrasonic power was the most important factor affecting the extraction yield. The optimal conditions were ultrasonic power 400 W, extraction time 71 min, and ratio of water to raw material 33 mL g-1. Under these conditions, the yield of AGP was 8.09%, which was agreed closely to the predicted value. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed that AGP was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of AGP. In addition, AGP exhibited good immunostimulating activities by up-regulating the production of nitric oxide and cytokines. Compared with hot water extraction, UAE required shorter extraction time and gave a higher extraction yield, without changing the structure and immunostimulating activity of AGP. The results indicated that UAE could be an effective and advisable technique for the large scale production of plant polysaccharides.
基金Supported by Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project of Yongzhou City(Yong Ke Fa[2015]10)
文摘[Objectives] This study aimed to optimize the conditions for pressurized synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from Artemisia argyi .[Methods] Single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were conducted.[Results] Pressurization had a significant effect on the extraction rate of chemical constituents of A. argyi . The optimal conditions for pressurized synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from A. argyi were as follows: solvent concentration of 70%, solid to liquid ratio of 1∶ 30 (g/mL), extraction pressure of 0.9 MPa, extraction time of 40 min and extraction temperature of 90 ℃. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the yields of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid were 0.852%, 4.66% and 6.79%, respectively.[Conclusions] Compared with other extraction methods, the pressurized assistant solvent extraction method can achieve the synchronous extraction of volatile oils, total flavonoids and tannic acid from A. argyi . The process is stable, short in extraction time, high in solvent utilization rate and ideal in extraction effect of the three components from A. argyi .
基金Supported by the Key Project of Joint Fund for the research on Coal-Based Low Carbon Technology from National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Government of Shanxi(U1610223)Coal-based Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Shanxi Province(MJH2014-15)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0604602).
文摘Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)was designed for carbazole separation from anthracene slag(AS).The effects of liquid/solid ratio,temperature,and extraction times on carbazole separation were investigated.When using CC14 and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents and combining with MPLC,carbazole recovery and purity are 75.1%and 95.4%,respectively.The mechanism for carbazole separation were presumed by examining intermolecular interactions such as N-H…π,π-π,and C-Cl…πinteractions.These results demonstrate that UAE/MPLC has a considerable potential as a green and promising strategy for separating and purifying carbazole and other chemicals from AS.
基金Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates of Xiamen Medical College(201812631035,201912631026).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of quercetin from Flos Sophorae Immaturus.[Methods]The natural product quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted method,and the content of quercetin in the extract was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The effect of ethanol concentration,solid/liquid ratio,temperature,time and ultrasonic power on the yield of quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was investigated by using single-factor experiments.Based on the results of single-factor experiments,an orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction process.The experimental data obtained were subjected to range analysis,analysis of variance and SSR test using SPSS 20.0 software to obtain the optimal extraction process.The results concluded were verified.[Results]The optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was as follows:temperature of 85℃,time of 30 min,solid/liquid ratio of 1∶20 g/mL,ethanol concentration of 50%.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the yield of quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus was the highest.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus.
基金This research was funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant No.2572018AB10the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant No.2572019BB07.
文摘As a kind of biopolymer,hydrolysates of fish swim bladder,safer than those of land mammals,are widely used in food,cosmetics as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical fields for their biocompatibility,biodegradability,and weak antigenicity.To enhance hydrolysate production,in this paper,the papain and alcalase hydrolysis processes of larimichthys polyactis swim bladder were optimized with orthogonal experiments.With 89.5%hydrolysate yield,the optimal processing conditions for alcalase were solid-liquid ratio of 1:30,enzyme concentration of 0.7%,and extraction time of 6 h.As for papain,under the optimal processing conditions:solid-liquid ratio of 1:20,enzyme concentration of 0.5%,and extraction time of 8 h,the hydrolysate yield was 65.1%.To obtain higher hydrolysate yields,the ultrasonic pretreatments were implemented before the optimal enzyme hydrolysis processes.With ultrasonic waves of 100 W for 50 min,the hydrolysate yields were increased 2.1%(alcalase)and 4.5%(papain),respectively.The Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectroscopic analysis revealed that the hydrolysates extracted by papain exist in triple-helical forms.The Ultra-Violet(UV)absorption spectra indicated that the aromatic amino acids in the hydrolysates had strong absorptions in the wavelength range of 240 nm–300 nm.The results of this research demonstrate that the alcalase hydrolysates have better solubility in water and the solution is more stable under ambient temperature.However,the hydrolysates extracted by papain have a gel property and are insoluble in weak acid at room temperature,which is more suitable for applications in feedstock of biomedical.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60472059)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2008ZC 52026)
文摘In this paper, we address the problem of blind extraction and separation of a continuous chaotic signal from a linear mixture consisting of some chaotic signal and/or random signals. The problem of blind extraction is firstly formulated as a problem of the synchronization-based parameter estimation. Then an efficient least square based parameter estimation method is introduced to determine the desired extracting vector. The proposed blind signal extraction scheme is applicable to blind separation of chaotic signals by formulating the separation problem as the extraction of each chaotic source. Numerical simulation shows that the proposed approach can blindly extract and separate the desired chaotic signals and it is also robust to measurement noise.
文摘为了提供更加稳定可靠的能量,针对异质能的混合能量俘获问题,提出了一种基于同步电荷提取和翻转的可扩展异质能量俘获(Extensible Synchronous Charge Extraction and Inversion for Heterogeneous Energy Harvesting,EH-SCEI)电路。所提出的EH-SCEI电路,利用无源的峰值检测电路和RC微分电路在压电电压峰值时实现异质能源同步提取,并提出将部分电荷提取到储能端而另一部分电荷进行翻转以提高俘能效率的方法。仿真和实验结果均表明,所提出的电路可以对多个具有任意相位差的压电换能器进行能量采集并可根据实际的应用场景进行扩展;与现有电路相比,在输入输出范围、负载相关性、俘获效率等性能上,均有较大改善。
基金Supported by the Breeding Techniques for New Varieties of Acanthopanax senticosus(CZKYF2022-1-B023)。
文摘In order to optimize the ultrasonic extraction technique for the total flavonoid of leaf yellows plus, the contents of 21 leaf yellows plus total flavonoid from four regions in Heilongjiang Province were comparatively analyzed. The ultrasonic extraction technology was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method, and the total flavonoid content of 21 kinds of Acanthopanax senticosus(Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms from different producing areas were analyzed by cluster analysis. The optimal process conditions were determined as ultrasonic time 30 min, solid-liquid ratio 1 : 12 and ultrasonic power 250 W, and the average yield of the total flavonoid was 1.453 mg·g^ (-1). By optimizing the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, the total flavonoid content from different producing areas was compared in the experiment, which provided certain data support for the optimization of the extraction process in the future and laid a certain theoretical foundation for the quality analysis of Chinese medicinal materials.