Scanning Analysis of REE in Bastnaesite with Synchrotron Radiation X－Ray Fluorescence Microprobe

The content of REE(La.Ce.Pr.Nd.Sm) in bastnaesite was measured by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence microprobe.Scanning analysis makes use of excitation of the REE K lines between 33 and 50 keV.SR white beam from a Wiggler source at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider(BEPC) of the National Laboratory,in order to excite the REE.The bastnaesite from the same mineral area was powdered to particle size≤300 mesh.It was then divided into two parts.One portion was used to be determined by XRF after depositing with oxalate and transforming into oxide.The other was pressed into disk without any binder as the reference sample.The weight and the diamieter of the disk were 15 g and 26 mm respectively.

L-shell x-ray fluorescence relative intensities for elements with 62≤Z≤83 at 18 keV and 23 keV by synchrotron radiation

The relative intensities of L-subshell x-ray fluorescence(XRF)for elements with atomic numbers 62≤Z≤83 were measured at two excitation energies,18 keV and 23 keV,using a synchrotron radiation source at a beamline of the Synchrotron Light Center for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East(SESAME),Jordan.The experimentally measured results of the relative intensities were compared with the calculated results using the subshell fluorescence yield and the Coster-Kronig transition probabilities recommended by Campbell and the values based on the Dirac-Hartree-Slater model by Puri.The experimental and theoretical results are in agreement.In this work,L XRF relative intensities for the elements Sm,Gd,Tb,Er,Ta,W,Re,Hg,Pb and Bi at energies of 18 keV and 23 keV were measured.

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis of Fe, Zn and Cu in mice brain associated with Parkinson's disease

The contents and distributions of metal elements in the brain are closely related to neurodegenerative diseases.In this study, we examined Fe, Cu and Zn contents in the brain section associated with Parkinson‘s disease(PD)using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence(SRXRF). PD mouse model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-terahydropyridine(MPTP) was used for the elemental analysis(e.g., Fe, Cu and Zn) in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) region of mice brain tissue samples. We found that mice in the MPTP group had higher contents of Fe, Cu and Zn in the SNpc than the control group. After treating the PD mice with rapamycin, the contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were reduced, the dopamine neurons and motor function were rescued correspondingly. The results prompted that the SRXRF provided an ideal method for tracing and analyzing the metal elements in the brain section to assess the pathological changes of PD model and the therapeutic effect of drugs.

Characterization of metal element distributions in the rat brain following ischemic stroke by synchrotron radiation microfluorescence analysis

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,and effective treatment strategies in the chronic phase of this disease remain insufficient.Homeostasis of metals in the brain plays an important role in maintaining normal brain function.However,the dynamic spatial distributions of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in a rat brain following ischemic stroke and the association between structural distribution and function remain to be elucidated.In this study,we used a synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence technique to image element mapping changes in special rat brain regions after ischemic stroke,showing the distribution characteristics of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper.We demonstrated,for the first time,the consistent dynamic spatial distributions of metal elements at a series of time points(3 h,4.5 h,6 h,12 h,1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,10 d,14 d,28 d)after brain ischemia,which revealed that the homeostasis of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in the brain was disturbed with distinctive change trends,providing clear insights in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of stroke from a novel perspective,thus laying the foundation of further developing new drug targets for stroke treatment.

The Study Internal Structure of the Annual Layers in Lake Sediments Using Synchrotron Radiation with X-ray Focusing Optics

1 Introduction Annually laminated(varve)sedimentary deposits are considered as one of the most important archives,since they offer precise temporal information(years)in combination with high time resolutions.Bottom sediments of the lakes contain detailed geochemical information on

Analysis of nickel distribution by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence in nickel-induced early- and late-phase allergic contact dermatitis in Hartley guinea pigs

Background: Nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD) is a global health problem. More detailed knowledge on the skin uptake of haptens is required. This study aimed to investigate the penetration process and distribution of nickel in skin tissues with late phase and early phase of Ni-ACD to understand the mechanisms of metal allergy. Methods: Forty Hartley guinea pigs were divided into four groups according to the NiSO4 sensitizing concentration and the NiSO4 challenged concentration: the 5% NiSO4-group, 5% to 10%(sensitization-challenge;late phase group);10% NiSO4-group, 10% to 10%(sensitization-challenge;early-phase group);and the positive and negative controls. Pathological biopsies were performed on each group. The depth profile of nickel element concentration in the skin of guinea pigs was detected by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR-μ-XRF) and micro X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (μ-XANES). Results: In each section, the nickel element concentration in both the 5% NiSO4-group and 10% NiSO4-group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group. In the upper 300-μm section of skin for the early phase group, the nickel element concentration was significantly higher than that in the lower section of skin. In deeper sections (>200 μm) of skin, the concentration of nickel in the early phase group was approximately equal to that in the late phase group. The curve of the late phase group was flat, which means that the nickel element concentration was distributed uniformly by SR-μ-XRF. According to the XANES data for the 10% NiSO4 metal salt solution, structural changes occurred in the skin model sample, indicating that nickel was not present in the Ni^2+ aqueous ionic state but in the nickel-binding protein. Conclusions: This study showed that the distribution of the nickel element concentration in ACD skin tissue was different between the early phase and late phase groups. The nickel element was not present in the Ni^2+ aqueous ionic state but bound with certain proteins to form a complex in the stratum corneum in ACD model tissue.

In situ analysis of trace elements in metalloproteins of human liver by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence

A method using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis to in situ determine trace elements during protein electrophoretically separating process was established. The distribution of elements in protein bands for human liver cytosolic sample separated by SDS-PAGE was analyzed a-long polyacrylamide gel. The results showed that the protein fraction of peak III in cvtosol was mainly composed of metal ion Zn-associated proteins, being in agreement with that given by atomic absorption spectrometry. Thus, it demonstrated the feasibility of this novel technique for in situ analysis of trace elements in protein bands.

Scan system for arbitrary-shaped samples at the synchrotron radiation facility

X-ray fluorescence(XRF) scan methodology is important for elemental mapping of samples at a synchrotron radiation facility. To save the experiment time and improve the experiment efficiency, one should develop an efficient XRF scan method. In this paper, a new scan mode is presented. It can map arbitrary-shaped areas withou stopping the motors. The control and data acquisition system integrates motor controlling, detector triggering, and data acquisition and storage. The system realizes the arbitrary-shaped 2D-mapping and fluorescence data acquisition synchronously. SR-XRF mapping has been performed with a standard gold mask to verify the validity of this method a beamline BL15U1 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The results show that this method reduces the tota scan time and improves the experiment efficiency.

Source identification of individual PM_(2.5) particles in Shanghai air in the winter of 2007 with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe

In order to further understand the sources of PM2.5 in Shanghai air, the synchrotron X-ray fluores- cence microprobe at the BL-4A Beamline of Photon Factory of High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan, was applied to analyze the individual PM2.5 particles collected from Shanghai air in the winter of 2007. Eight categories of emission sources were recognized in these individual particles. The source identification shows that most of the analyzed PM2.5 particles are derived from vehicle exhaust and metallurgical emissions. This suggests that the important emission sources of PM2.5 in Shanghai air would be vehicle exhaust and metallurgical activities.

Influence of crystal materials on the synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis:a study of crystal and amorphous clinopyroxene

Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analyses of crystal and amorphous clinopyroxene were compared. The results showed that using the synchrotron X-ray as a source of energy, the diffraction X-ray of crystal materials will seriously affect the X-ray fluorescence analysis. In order to avoid the influence of diffraction, the best way to solve it is to use the monochromatic source, or to have a collimating slit between sample and Si(Li) detector.

Synchrotron radiation XRF microprobe investigation of elemental distribution in femoral head slice with osteoporosis

This note deals with the scanning of femoral head slices from both normal and osteoporosis subjects using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) microprobe technique. The sample preparation and experimental apparatus are described in detail. The quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) of elemental distribution, such as Ca, P, K, Fe, Zn, Sr and Pb in bone slice tissue including cartilage, substantial compact and substantial spongy, is investigated. Combined with the correlation between P, K, Zn, Sr and Ca, the loss way of minerals and the physiological functions of some metal elements in bone are also discussed.

Hard X-ray micro-focusing beamline at SSRF

The hard X-ray micro-focusing beamline(BL15U1) of SSRF is dedicated to hard X-ray micro/nanospectrochemical analysis consisting of X-ray fluorescence(XRF), X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) techniques. It is one of the most versatile instruments in hard X-ray microscopy science. Since its commission in 2009, BL15U1 has allocated over 25000 h beamtime for users, and about 700 proposals have been executed. The beamline and the experimental end-station were upgraded for several times to facilitate the users' experimental needs and make it more convenient to operate. In this paper, we give a review on the beamline, describing its characteristics, recent technical developments, and a few examples of scientific progresses achieved in recent years on BL15U1.

First X-ray fluorescence CT experimental results at the SSRF X-ray imaging beamline

X-ray fluorescence CT is a non-destructive technique for detecting elemental composition and distribution inside a specimen. In this paper, the first experimental results of X-ray fluorescence CT obtained at the SSRF X-ray imaging beamline （BL13W1） are described. The test samples were investigated and the 2D elemental image was reconstructed using a filtered back-projection algorithm. In the sample the element Cd was observed. Up to now, the X-ray fluorescence CT could be carried out at the SSRF X-ray imaging beamline.

Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves （CTLs）,which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were ＋6 （sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate）,＋5.2 （sulfonate）,＋2.2 （suloxides）,＋0.6 （thiols and thiothers）,＋0.2 （organic sulfides）.Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds （organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate） assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.

Synchrotron Radiation Study of the Relic Bones of Bao Zheng

Bao Zheng, styled Xi-ren, a native of Luzhou County (Now Hefei, Anhui Province), was born in the second year of Xiangping (the title of Emperor Zhenzong’s reign, A. D. 999 North Song Dynasty) and died in the 7th year of Jiayou (the title of Emperor Renzong’s reign, A. D. 1062) at the age of 64. In his childhood and youth he was diligent in pursuing his studies. When he was 29 years old, he became a successful candidate in the highest emperial examination and hereafter took official career for more than

基于SRXRF的单个流体包裹体无损分析及其在石油地质中的应用

本文叙述了同步辐射X射线荧光微探针用于单个流体包裹体无损分析研究的实验装置和方法。通过测定NIST6 12标样 ,计算了目前实验条件下部分元素的检出限 ,对取自我国西部含油气盆地的典型有机包裹体作无损成分分析 ,给出了K ,Ti,V ,Cr ,Mn ,Fe ,Co ,Ni,Cu ,Zn ,Rb ,Sr,Y ,Zr,Ba ,Pb等元素的半定量测试结果 。

同步辐射X荧光分析用于苔藓植物监视大气污染的初步研究

为探讨苔藓植物监视大气污染的机理,我们将苔藓活体样本同时置于受工业污染的上海钢铁研究所和作为对照的上海应用物理研究所暴露一个月,在日本高能物理所(KEK)的同步辐射X荧光实验站上对它们的植株作常规的元素分析,对叶片、茎横切面作微区扫描测定,获取其Pb、Cu、Fe、Ni、Mn、Zn、Ca、K等金属元素分布。结果表明,苔藓植物的叶片和茎干吸附金属离子后不是均匀分布的,尤其是叶尖和中肋部位富集了K、Ni、Fe、Pb等元素。受污染苔藓的叶表吸附、富集了过量的Pb等金属离子,污染环境导致植物微结构和生长发育受到严重损伤,同时抑制了植物对K、Ca等微量营养元素的正常吸收。

一种改进的同步辐射X射线荧光原位分析人肝细胞胞质溶胶内金属蛋白分布的方法

对同步辐射X射线荧光分析技术 (SRXRF)原位测定蛋白质经十二烷基硫酸钠 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS PAGE)分离后条带中微量元素的方法做了重要改进。通过增加一个干胶步骤 ,使得本底材料对光源的康普顿散射明显减弱 ,本底信号降低到约为湿胶的 1 0 % ,从而可以用来测定蛋白条带内比锌轻的微量元素的相对含量。所提出的方法有望成为一种具有广泛应用前景的生物样品中微量元素的种态分析方法。对人肝细胞胞质溶胶内金属蛋白分布的研究结果表明 :在 1 5～ 95kDa的范围内有 6个含锌蛋白 ,相对分子量分别为1 7.5、2 0 .5、2 7、3 5、5 5及 63kDa ,其中 63kDa蛋白为主要的含锌蛋白 ;此外至少还有 4种分子量分别为 2 0、2 3、4 3和 83 .

磷灰石单晶体同步辐射X射线荧光探针成分分析

采用同步辐射X荧光(SRXRF)探针技术对河北峪耳崖和甘肃大水两地花岗岩中单颗粒磷灰石的化学成分进行了分析。结果显示,磷灰石含有P、Cl、S、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Gd、Yb、Sr、Y、Zr、U、Th等多种元素,峪耳崖磷灰石富含Mn、Fe,大水磷灰石则富含As。峪耳崖花岗岩为S型,大水花岗岩为I型,两地磷灰石在稀土元素(REE)含量上具有明显差别:大水磷灰石呈右倾的REE配分模式和明显的轻稀土(LREE)富集;而峪耳崖呈现上凸的REE配分模式和LREE亏损。依据磷灰石的REE配分模式可有效地区分不同类型的花岗岩,以此作为花岗岩岩浆演化的指示。

西藏曲水县达布斑岩型铜钼矿床金属沉淀机制探讨

西藏曲水县达布斑岩型铜钼矿床位于冈底斯成矿带中东段,其矿化体主要产于含矿斑岩体与围岩的内外接触带中。文章以矿石内Cu、Mo矿化石英脉中的流体包裹体为研究对象,探讨了成矿金属沉淀的机制。通过详细的显微镜下鉴定,发现Cu、Mo矿化阶段的流体包裹体类型均以L型为主,但Cu矿化阶段的V型包裹体明显较Mo矿化阶段多,而S型包裹体较少。Cu、Mo矿化石英脉中,常见L型、V型、S型流体包裹体共存的现象,且它们的均一温度范围非常接近,说明成矿流体经历了不混溶作用,使得高盐度流体与低密度气相流体发生分离。单个流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱测试显示,在Cu、Mo矿化阶段的气相包裹体中均检测到CO2的特征峰和H2O峰,而在Mo矿化阶段的气相包裹体仅检测到CH4特征峰,说明Mo矿化阶段的流体的相对还原性更强;同时,检测到硬石膏、赤铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等子矿物,但硬石膏、赤铁矿、磁铁矿主要分布于Cu矿化阶段,说明Cu矿化阶段的流体氧化性相对较强。对单个流体包裹体进行同步辐射X射线荧光分析(SR-RXF)显示,Cu、Au等金属主要富集于流体包裹体气相中,表明Cu、Au元素可能是气相运移。对Cu、Mo硫化物沉淀的一系列化学反应研究表明,呈氧化态以及酸度低(HCl浓度低,即偏中性)的流体会促进黄铜矿饱和;活性较高的H2S和略呈还原性的流体有利于辉钼矿的沉淀。综合分析认为,铜矿化与偏中性、结晶分异程度相对较低的花岗闪长斑岩关系密切,而钼矿化与酸性、结晶分异程度相对较高的花岗斑岩关系密切。