Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Double-Pulse MIG Welding Arc Signal Characteristics Based on Broadband Mode Decomposition

Welding voltage and current in arc signals are directly related to arc stability and welding quality.Process experiments with different parameters were organized according to the orthogonal experimental design method by constructing an aluminum alloy double-pulse metal inert gas(MIG)welding arc electric signal test platform.The data acquisition system of the aluminum alloy MIG welding process was established to obtain real-time arc signal information reflecting the welding process.The aluminum alloy’s collected double-pulse arc current signals are decomposed adaptively by broadband mode decomposition(BMD).The direct current(DC)signal,pulse signal,distortion signal,ripple signal,and noise signal are separated and extracted,and the composite multiscale fuzzy entropy(CMFE)is calculated for the component set of the electrical signal.The experimental results show that the current waveform obtained by the double-pulse MIG welding current signal is consistent with the corresponding weld forming diagram.Simultaneously,the composite multiscale fuzzy entropy is calculated for the arc characteristic parameters.The rationality of matching process parameters and arc stability of aluminum alloy’s double-pulse MIG welding were evaluated.

Effect of V content on microstructures and properties of TiC cermet fusion welding interface

The effects of vanadium(V)on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the TiC cermet fusion welding interface were studied by adjusting the content of V in the self-developed flux-cored wires using metal inert gas arc(MIG)welding for surfacing on the TiC cermet.The results show that the increase in V content promotes the element diffusion between TiC cermet and weld metal.There are no de-fects observed in the interface,and the diffusion of elements refers to excellent metallurgical bonding.The shear strength of the fusion zone initially decreases and then increases with the increase in V content.The maximum shear strength of the TiC cermet/weld interface,reaching 552 MPa,occurred when the V content reached 0.65%.Meanwhile,the average hardness in the transition zone reached 488.2 HV0.2.

局部干法水下快频脉冲MIG焊电源研制

针对复杂水下环境焊接过程对焊接电源超高动特性与精确控制需求,设计基于SiC模块的快频脉冲焊接电源功率主电路,开发全数字化控制系统,研制出局部干法水下快频脉冲MIG焊电源(local dry underwater fastfrequency pulsed MIG,LDU-FFPMIG).研制的LDU-FFPMIG焊接电源额定输出电流为400 A,能精确输出多种0~30 kHz的快频脉冲电流波形,快频脉冲电流幅值高达200 A.提出LDU-FFPMIG焊接新工艺,将快频脉冲应用到304不锈钢局部干法水下MIG焊接,探究快频脉冲对传统局部干法水下脉冲MIG焊的影响.结果表明,研制的LDU-FFPMIG焊接电源能够实现稳定的局部干法水下MIG焊,可获得良好的焊缝成形;快频脉冲电流的引入可显著提高电弧能量密度和焊接稳定性,减小熔宽(B)、增大熔深(H),焊缝成形系数(B/H)减小约30%,并且可以细化晶粒.

ER5356焊丝用于7075铝合金MIG焊接头热处理性能

采用MIG焊使用ER5356焊丝进行3 mm厚7075铝合金对接焊,焊后接头进行T6热处理。通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜与能谱仪结合室温拉伸、显微硬度与电化学腐蚀分析接头组织、力学性能与耐蚀性。结果表明:焊接时熔池流动将母材熔化部位的Zn,Cu等合金元素带入焊缝,析出MgZn_(2)与AlCuMg相,成为焊缝进行热处理强化的基础;热处理后,大部分析出相溶入基体形成固溶+时效强化,接头抗拉强度提升20%,焊缝硬度提升18.4%,耐蚀性提高。但由于从母材流入焊缝的合金元素含量有限,焊丝与母材力学性能的差异与热影响区软化现象无法消除。

Laser-pulsed MIG hybrid welding technology of A6N01S aluminum alloy

Welding research of A6N01S-T5 aluminum alloy profile for high-speed train was done by using laser-MIG hybrid welding and MIG welding individually. And the weld appearance,welding distortion,mechanical properties of the joints and microstructures were analyzed. The test results demonstrated that high-efficient welding for the profile can be achieved by using laser-MIG hybrid welding,the speed of which can be over 3. 0 m/min. The processing had a good gap bridging ability,even if the gap of the butt joint was up to 2. 0 mm,a good weld appearance can also be got. While the hybrid welding speed was greater than 2. 5 m/min,the welding distortion of the laser-tandem MIG hybrid joints was just about 33% of that of the MIG joints,but the welding efficiency was over 3 times of MIG welding. And tensile strength of the hybrid joints was 85% of that of A6N01S-T5 base metal,9% higher than that of the MIG joints. Fatigue properties was tested individually with pulsed tensile fatigue method in the condition of 1 × 10~7 lifetime. The test results demonstrated that the fatigue strength of the joints was a little lower than that of base material,which could be up to 115 MPa. But the fatigue strength of hybrid welding joints was 107. 5 MPa,which was 23% higher than 87 MPa of MIG welding joints.

An initial study on welding procedure using tandem MIG welding of high strength aluminum alloy

The high-speed camera system and data acquisition system of welding parameters were created in tandem MIG welding of high strength aluminum alloy. The experiments were carried out in order to obtain the photos of droplet transfer under different welding parameters in pulsed mode. The droplet transfer mode of “one pulse one droplet” becomes the preferred selection during welding process because of its stable procedure and sound weld form. The parameter ranges for corresponding transfer mode were experimentally achieved, among which the stable droplet transfer mode of “one pulse one droplet” can be realized. These efforts brave the way for control weld heat input and weld formation in the future.

新型铝合金MIG焊接头微观组织与力学性能

随着船舶轻量化和快速化的发展,以铝代钢成为未来船舶制造的必然趋势.对一种10 mm厚新型铝合金进行单面MIG焊工艺试验,研究两层三道焊和三层四道焊对接头综合性能的影响规律.结果表明,焊缝上表面和下表面宏观形貌均较好,都有α-Al、Al6(Fe,Mn)和Mg2Si相;在靠近熔合线的热影响区中有尺寸较大的等轴晶生成,焊缝边缘沿垂直于熔合线方向生成柱状晶,焊缝中心为树枝晶,且每层焊缝晶粒尺寸不同,前层焊缝晶粒尺寸小于后层焊缝晶粒尺寸;Fe和Mn元素在热影响区发生偏聚,形成Al6(Fe,Mn)相,Mg元素倾向于沿焊缝晶界或分布在焊缝组织中以平衡相的形式析出.1号接头平均抗拉强度为294 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的78.4%,断后伸长率为6.56%,2号接头平均抗拉强度为350 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的93.3%,断后伸长率为12.3%;接头硬度整体表现为焊缝区最低,热影响区次之,母材最高,同时多层多道焊的每层焊缝硬度与焊接顺序有关,第一层焊缝硬度最大.

Research on sinusoid modulated pulse MIG welding methodology

This article proposed a new methodology and the principle of sinusoid modulated pulse MIG welding, and systematically established the universal mathematical model of computation of the parameters of the sinusoid modulation pulse, achieving that the welding energy input can be effectively controlled and precisely regulated, the transition of pulse change is smooth and the welding process is stable and reliable. With the characteristics of sinusoidal waveform, such as infinite derivative continuity, eternal periodicity and limited control parameters, this article established the theoretical foundation for choiceness, unification and optimization of the parameters during the new sinusoid modulated pulse MIG welding. Bead-on-plate overlay welding is carried out on the pure aluminum sheet test sample for the test. The result indicated that during the welding process, the real-time current waveform is stable and clear; both the corresponding voltage and the instant welding energy waveform are very stable; the repeatability of the U-I graph plotted is high; its family of lines is clear, neat, and its distribution is concentrated showing that the welding process is stable and the neat and high quality ripple weld seam may be produced.

Weld pool image sensor for pulsed MIG welding

Visual image sensor is developed to detect the weld pool images in pulsed MIG welding. An exposure controller, which is composed of the modules of the voltage transforming, the exposure parameters presetting, the complex programmable logic device （CPLD） based logic controlling, exposure signal processing, the arc state detecting, the mechanical iris driving and so on, is designed at first. Then, a visual image sensor consists of an ordinary CCD camera, optical system and exposure controller is established. The exposure synchronic control logic is described with very-high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language （VHDL） and programmed with CPLD , to detect weld pool images at the stage of base current in pulsed MIG welding. Finally, both bead on plate welding and V groove filled welding are carried out, clear and consistent weld pool images are acquired.

Ti6321合金激光-MIG复合焊接接头组织和力学性能分析

对6 mm厚的Ti6321钛合金板开展激光-MIG复合焊接试验,对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,焊缝区金相组织主要为粗大的β柱状晶和细小的针状α’相形成的网篮组织;热影响区金相组织分布不均匀,近焊缝区组织主要由针状马氏体α’相和等轴α相组成,而近母材区组织主要由等轴α相、针状马氏体α’相和少量残余β相组成。拉伸断裂发生在远离焊缝的母材处,抗拉强度均值为935 MPa。焊缝和热影响区的硬度明显高于母材,最高硬度值出现在熔合线附近。

Intelligent process expert database of double pulse MIG welding of AI-Si alloy

Based on double pulse welding process characteristics, expert database structure and work flow are designed. Further, multiple outstanding specifications of 1.0 ram-diameter wire are obtained through a large number of experiments. By making non-linear regression analysis on these groups of standards, the relationship between average welding current and other pulse parameters can be found out. Polynomial regression equation is set up for further realization of＂ parameter estimation function of the expert database. Finally, the preliminary developed expert database is tested. The result indicates that the unified adjusting and parameters estimation of the expert database leads to stable welding process and good weld appearance.

Study on Evaluation Method of Aluminum alloy Pulse MIG Welding Stability Based on Arc Voltage Probability Density

Bring forward a new analytical method in order to evaluate the stability of the process of aluminum alloy pulsed MIG welding. The ratio of the first and the second peak in arc voltage signal probability density was selected to evaluate aluminum alloy pulse MIG welding stability. By calculating the arc voltage signal probability density from 80 sets of welding experiments, the ratio of the two peaks in arc voltage probability in every set was captured. And the evaluation system of aluminum alloy pulse MIG welding stability was established. The smaller the ratio of peaks in arc voltage signal probability density is, the better the stability of the welding will be;the bigger the ratio of peaks in arc voltage signal probability density is, the poorer the stability of the welding will be.

Influence of plasma-MIG welding parameters on aluminum weld porosity by orthogonal test

The plasma-MIG welding torch was developed.5A06 aluminum alloys with V-grooves were welded in a single pass in the plasma-MIG welding process and the joints were examined by X-ray diffractometry analysis and mechanical tests.The orthogonal experimental design was used to study the influence of plasma-MIG welding parameters on the aluminum weld porosity.The mixed orthogonal matrix L16(4 4×2 3) and analysis of variance (ANOVA)technique were employed to optimize the welding parameters.The experimental results indicate that the effect of plasma gas flow rate is dominant,the secondary factors are MIG welding voltage,welding speed,wire feed rate and plasma current in turn.Confirmation experiments were conducted under optimum conditions and there was almost no porosity in the welded joints,thus good mechanical performance joints were obtained.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint of 6061 aluminum alloy by plasma-MIG hybrid welding

Plasma-MIG {metal inert gas arc welding） hybrid welding of aluminum alloy with 6 mm thickness using ER5356 welding wire was carried out. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded joint were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction （XRD） , energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） , tensile test, hardness test and scanning electron microscope （ SEM） were used to judge the type of tensile fracture. The results showed that the tensile strength of welded joint was 142 MPa which was 53. 6% o f the strength o f the base metal. The welding seam zone was characterized by dendritic structure. In the fusion zone, the columnar grains existed at one side of the welding seam. The fibrous organization was found in the base metal, and also in the heat affected zone （HAZ） where the recrystallization occurred. The HAZ was the weakest position of the welded joint due to the coarsening of Mg2Si phase. The type of tensile fracture was ductile fracture.

Analysis of droplet transfer of pulsed MIG welding based on electrical signal and high-speed photography

In order to study how welding parameters affect welding quality and droplet transfer, a synchronous acquisition and analysis system is established to acquire and analyze electrical signal and instantaneous images of droplet transfer simultaneously, which is based on a self-developed soft-switching inverter. On the one hand, welding current and voltage signals are acquired and analyzed by a self-developed dynamic wavelet analyzer. On the other hand, images are filtered and optimized after they are captured by high-speed camera. The results show that instantaneous waveforms and statistical data of electrical signal contribute to make an overall assessment of welding quality, and that optimized high-speed images allow a visual and clear observation of droplet transfer process. The analysis of both waveforms and images leads to a further research on droplet transfer mechanism and provides a basis for precise control of droplet transfer.

Droplet transition for plasma-MIG welding on aluminium alloys

The synchronous acquisition system of droplet image inspection and arc electric signals were established and the droplet transition characteristics of aluminum alloys were researched in the plasma-MIG welding process.Typical droplet transition modes include globular transfer mode,short circuiting transfer mode,metastable spray transfer mode and projected transfer mode.The result indicates that MIG droplet transfer frequency and droplet transfer modes are changed by introducing the plasma arc in the plasma-MIG welding process compared with the MIG welding on the aluminum alloys,which broadens the range of welding parameters when the stable welding process proceeds.The metastable spray transfer and projected transfer mode are proved to be the most optimal modes by comparing the stability of electronic signal,droplet transition,weld appearance and weld penetration.

激光-MIG复合角焊缝成形工艺研究

目前,复合焊接技术研究多关注于薄板拼接焊,角焊缝焊接仍采用单热源,焊缝成形效果差。针对8 mm厚的Q235低碳钢板角焊缝,研究了激光-MIG复合焊接时,各工艺参数对角焊缝成形尺寸及熔池状态的影响。结果表明:MIG弧焊熔池飞溅较大,焊缝熔深、熔宽均较小,加入激光热源后,激光对电弧有一定的稳定作用,熔深、熔宽均增大,余高减小。弧焊熔池尺寸随电流增大而增大,当激光熔池与弧焊熔池耦合较好时,有利于稳定熔池、减少飞溅;随热源间距增大,熔滴不再滴入激光作用区,耦合作用下降;随焊接速度提升,热源在单位长度焊缝作用时间变短,熔深、熔宽下降。当激光功率为1.5 kW,焊接电流为220 A,热源间距为2 mm,焊接速度为600 mm/min时,弧焊熔池与激光熔池耦合好,熔池最为稳定,焊缝成形最佳。

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROPLET TRANSFER IN CO_2 LASER-MIG HYBRID WELDING WITH SHORTCIRCUITING MODE

LF6 aluminum alloy plates with 4.5 mm thickness are welded in this experiment. Welding is carried out by using the CO2 laser-MIG paraxial hybrid welding in fiat position. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer cycle time of conventional MIG arc is changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in the short-circuiting mode of laser-MIG hybrid welding. Because of the preheating action of CO2 laser to electrode and base material, the droplet transfer frequency of MIG arc is increased in the hybrid welding process. When laser power is increased to a certain degree, the droplet transfer frequency is decreased due to the effect of laser-induced keyhole. Furthermore, through analyzing the MIG welding current and arc voltage waveforms and the characteristics of droplet transfer in the hybrid welding process, the effect of laser energy and the action point between laser beam and arc on the frequency of droplet transfer and weld appearance is investigated in details.

12 mm厚TC4钛合金激光-MIG复合焊接头组织与性能研究

目的探究TC4激光-MIG复合焊接头显微组织与基本力学性能之间的联系,分析接头不同区域的断裂行为。方法利用激光-MIG复合焊制备TC4钛合金对接接头,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察接头焊缝区、热影响区及母材的显微组织,在室温下进行了显微硬度测试、拉伸性能测试与断裂韧性测试,并对试样断口进行了观察分析。结果接头的焊缝区组织为粗大的β相柱状晶,晶内纵横分布着αʹ针状马氏体和针状α相,靠近焊缝一侧的热影响区则由针状αʹ相、α集束与少量细小的块状α相构成。随着远离焊缝中心,母材侧热影响区组织转变为块状的α相、少量α集束及初生β相,并最终趋于与母材组织相似。热影响区的显微硬度值达到最大,这是因为该区域存在比焊缝区更为细小的针状αʹ相。接头的平均抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为1020.22 MPa和7.38%。接头在拉伸时主要在焊缝区发生断裂。焊缝区展现出比母材区和热影响区更优异的断裂韧性,平均值为87.14 MPa·m1/2,焊缝区内纵横交错的网篮组织与集束是其断裂韧性较高的主要原因。结论在TC4钛合金的激光-MIG复合焊过程中,针状α相和αʹ马氏体的存在会提高焊缝的显微硬度和断裂韧性,但相较于母材塑性没有提升,通过调控焊缝区显微组织结构,可以获得所需性能的接头。

新能源汽车铝电池盒MIG焊接新工艺

在铝合金电池盒实际生产中,由于焊接位置较多、焊接接头板厚差异大,焊接一次合格率很难控制,这就需要研发一种焊接工艺提升铝合金薄厚板焊接的稳定性。目前铝合金电池盒MIG焊接主要是直流脉冲焊接,其中包括直流单脉冲或直流双脉冲焊接。通过分析发现,采用直流+交流摆动同步双脉冲焊接,在相同电流情况下可有效降低焊接热输入,在相同热输入情况下可增加焊缝a值。并在铝合金薄厚板焊接时,可在厚板位置使用直流脉冲,薄板位置使用交流脉冲,保证厚板熔深且薄板不烧穿。摆动同步交直流焊接技术已经在实际生产中得到应用,并有效提高了焊缝合格率和生产效率。