A Corpus-Driven Perspective on the Verb Valency Structure of Chinese EFL Learners:A Case Study of“Suggest”and“Advise”

This paper investigates the verb valency structure of English that is used by English as Foreign Language(EFL)learners from a corpus-driven perspective.Specifically,it focuses on the usage of the verbs“suggest”and“advise”in a selected corpus.By analyzing a sample of written and spoken texts,this study attempts to investigate the similarities and differences in the patterns of verb valency between native English speakers and Chinese EFL learners.The findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by Chinese EFL learners in acquiring accurate verb valency structures and provide insights for language teachers in designing effective pedagogical approaches.

A Comparative Study of the Usage of Synonyms Based on BNC-Taking Assessment and Evaluation as Examples

The discrimination of synonyms has always been one of the great challenges for English learners.Taking assessment and evaluation as examples,this study analyses the similarities and differences of the two words,as well as their usage from the perspectives of frequency,stylistics,collocation and semantic prosody with the help of British National Corpus,and demonstrates the importance of corpus retrieval tools in synonyms discrimination.Furthermore,this paper will give some suggestions for English learners and teachers in English vocabulary teaching.

Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor toward Predicting Possible Association

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the Glucagon-like peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) gene in protein function and structure using different computational software. Introduction: The GLP1R gene provides the necessary instruction for the synthesis of the insulin hormones which is needed for glucose catabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes. The protein is an important drug target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and stroke. Material and Methods: Different nsSNPs and protein-related sequences were obtained from NCBI and ExPASY database. Gene associations and interactions were predicted using GeneMANIA software. Deleterious and damaging effects of nsSNPs were analyzed using SIFT, Provean, and Polyphen-2. The association of the nsSNPs with the disease was predicted using SNPs & GO software. Protein stability was investigated using I-Mutant and MUpro software. The structural and functional impact of point mutations was predicted using Project Hope software. Project Hope analyzes the mutations according to their size, charge, hydrophobicity, and conservancy. Results: The GLP1R gene was found to have an association with 20 other different genes. Among the most important ones is the GCG (glucagon) gene which is also a trans membrane protein. Overall 7229 variants were seen, and the missense variants or nsSNPs (146) were selected for further analysis. The total number of nsSNPs obtained in this study was 146. After being subjected to SIFT software (27 Deleterious and 119 Tolerated) were predicted. Analysis with Provean showed that (20 deleterious and 7 neutral). Analysis using Polyphen-2 revealed 17 probably damaging, 2 possibly damaging and 1 benign nsSNPs. Using two additional software SNPs & GO and PHD-SNPs showed that 14 and 17 nsSNPs had a disease effect, respectively. Project Hope software predicts the effect of the 14 nsSNPs on the protein function due to differences in charge, size, hydrophobicity, and conservancy between the wild and mutant types. Conclusion: In this study, the 14 nsSNPs which were highly affected the protein function. This protein is providing the necessary instruction for the synthesis of the insulin hormones which is needed for glucose catabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes and also affect the treatment of diabetic patients due to the fact that the protein acts as an important drug target.

翻译中实现社会语用等效(英文)

As a medium between two different languages, between peoples of two countries, translation is not only a matter of language, but also of cross-cultural transference. According to Professor He Ziran, socio-pragmatic translation is the kind of translation which examines the conditions on language use that stem from the social and cultural situations to serve cross-cultural communication. This paper focuses on the ways used to achieve socio-pragmatic equivalence in translation practice.

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Key Facts Synonyms:Sacrococcygeal teratoma(SGT),germ cell tumor of coccyx Definition:Tumors containing hair,teeth,cartilage,and fat extending from the coccyx and potentially growing both internally and externally.

Redesign Vocabulary Exercises In college English Intensive Reading Course book

Nowadays,more and more university students have Teacher’s Book for College English. They know answers of exercises from it before they do them. Some of them just copy down the right answers and wait for teacher’s praise. In this situation, College English teachers should redesign the exercises after each unit so that students will be interested and involved in learning. This study thus suggests several ways to redesign the vocabulary exercises from “ College English". It expects, on the one hand, to raise College English teachers’ awareness of the necessity to change the exercises. On the other hand, it expects to give them an inspiration, and example of designing more appropriate exercises so as to reinforce students’ vocabulary and enhance their language awareness.

Epidermoid Cyst of Cerebellopontine Angle

Synonyms: Epidermoid tumor,non-neoplastic inclusion cyst, congenital cholesteatoma of the cerebellopontine angle cistern.Definition: Congenital lesion arising from inclusion of ectodermal epithelial elements at time of neural tube closure during 3rd to 5th week of embryonic life, resulting in migration abnormalities of epiblastic cells.Classic imaging appearance:(1)Signal shows an insinuating cisternal lesion with low T1, high T2 close to that of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).(2)FLAIR shows incomplete or absent attenuation.(3)Diffusion-weighted imaging shows epidermoid cyst has restricted diffusion(high-signal lesion).Other key facts:(1)3rd most common cerebellopontine angle-internal auditory canal (CPA-IAC) mass.(2)1% of all intracranial tumors.

Genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns in apple

Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS（Statistical Product and Service Solutions） programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.

Reversible Natural Language Watermarking Using Synonym Substitution and Arithmetic Coding

For protecting the copyright of a text and recovering its original content harmlessly,this paper proposes a novel reversible natural language watermarking method that combines arithmetic coding and synonym substitution operations.By analyzing relative frequencies of synonymous words,synonyms employed for carrying payload are quantized into an unbalanced and redundant binary sequence.The quantized binary sequence is compressed by adaptive binary arithmetic coding losslessly to provide a spare for accommodating additional data.Then,the compressed data appended with the watermark are embedded into the cover text via synonym substitutions in an invertible manner.On the receiver side,the watermark and compressed data can be extracted by decoding the values of synonyms in the watermarked text,as a result of which the original context can be perfectly recovered by decompressing the extracted compressed data and substituting the replaced synonyms with their original synonyms.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can extract the watermark successfully and achieve a lossless recovery of the original text.Additionally,it achieves a high embedding capacity.

Analysis of Codon Usage Pattern of Banana Basic Secretory Protease Gene

[Objective] The objective of this study was to understand the codon usage bias pattern of banana pathogenesis-related 17 gene, Basic Secretory Protease gene(MaBSP). [Method] Relative codon usage patterns of MaBSP were calculated using the software CodonW version 1.4.2. and the web-based tool(http://kazusa.or.jp/codon/).[Result] Our findings showed that C-ended and G-ended codons were the most preferential except the TER codon UGA which was coded for by just one codon. The ENc value, relationship between AT bias and GC bias, Random synonymous codon usage(RSCU) and CAI all showed that codon bias usage existed in MaBSP gene.[Conclusion] The codon usage patterns of MaBSP gene is principally influenced by natural selection in the third position. However, other multiple factors also influence this pattern.

Yangtzedonta is Undoubtedly a Junior Synonym of Xianfengella

With the verification of the type specimen by six experts from the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, the specimen of Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982 described by Qian （Qian, 2001, flge2： la-c） is confirmed to be the holotype specimen （NIGP. 84430） of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu, 1985, and consequently, Yu Wen＇s view that they are not the same specimen is impractical. This fact demonstrates that Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu, 1985 is undoubtedly a junior synonym of Xianftngella prima He and Yang, 1982, and is invalid. Qian＇s conclusion （Qian, 2001 ） that no bivalve appeared in the early Meishucunian Stage of the Early Cambrian is rational.

工程英语词汇的处理

工程英语词汇的概念明确，许多是单义词，很少有关联意义，也不带感情色彩，译员主要是要把它们在工程方面的准确意义掌握好，同时要重视工程英语词汇中出现的一些词汇现象。下面介绍几种工程英语翻译中常遇到的词汇现象的处理方法：一、一词多义的处理在英语里，一个词有...

A reassessment of Iteravis huchzermeyeri and Gansus zheni from the Jehol Biota in western Liaoning, China

The authors reassessed the taxonomic distinction of Iteravis huchzermeyeri and Gansus zheni,which are two species of Ornithuromorpha based on specimens from the same locality in western Liaoning and derive from the Jehol Biota.The detailed comparisons of the holotype and referred specimens of both species,reveal no anatomical features that distinguish these taxa as separate species.Some minor differences are considered to relate to ontogenetic or interspecific differences.The stratigraphic occurrence for both specimens is the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation.Accordingly,the authors conclude that Iteravis huchzermeyeri has priority,by 15 days,for this taxon and that Gansus zheni is a junior synonym.The diagnosis of Iteravis huchzermeyeri is revised based on further study on all specimens referred to this species.Its generic distinction from Gansus is maintained thereby removing a potential genus-level correlation linking Xiagou Formation in Gansu Province with the Jiufotang Formation in Liaoning Province.

论英语和美语同步发展的趋向

1.美语的发生及其所谓“独立性”在探讨两国语言的发展趋向以前,须对美语的发生有所认识。简单地说,所谓美语就是现在西半球的美洲——美利坚合众国所在人民说的英语,以别于欧洲不列颠人民(Britons)所讲的英语;前者是17世纪从欧洲不列颠岛传到美洲殖民地的英语的后裔,因此它同后者有着语源上的密不可分的关系。然即使如此,

A Corpus-based Vocabulary Analysis of Near Synonyms:bring about and give rise to

Distinguishing the meanings of near synonyms always seems to be a challenging task for Chinese EFL learners,as is the case with bring about and give rise to be exemplified in the paper.I will use a corpus approach to unveil some implied semantic patterns and pragmatic features of the two phrases,and generalize their semantic prosodies as used by native English speakers by analyzing what kinds of nouns tend to co-occur with them,and also discuss whether there is a transfer of negative semantic prosody from the word cause to the two phrases under discussion.

英语词汇特点的再探讨

英语是世界上运用得最广泛的语言。它的历史悠久,并一直在不断地发展、变化着。在追溯英语的历史发展时,我们通常它分为三个时期,即古英语(OldEnglish)中古英语(Middle English)和现代英语(Modern English)三部分。英语和其他语言一样,在语言、语法、词汇等方面有其自身的特点。本文仅就英语的词汇特点谈一下我们的看法。 英语是受外来语影响很大的语言。在谈起英语词汇时人们往夸大外来词的作用,尤其是外词中的重要成分——法语词的作用。但从词的实际运用上看,本族语是十分重要的,是英语语言的核心。 本族语组成了英语日常用语中的核心成份。它是用来表达日常生活中基本的事物的。因此,本族语明显地构成了现代英语词汇的基础。本族词语汇包括助动词和情态动词、大部分不规则变化的动词、代词、大部分数词、介词和连词。在英语词汇中,这些词的重要性是不容置疑的。普通英语的容词 中新包含的外来语比术语中少。几乎所有英语单词都起源于盎格鲁撒克逊语言。

A Study on the Corpus-driven Teaching and Learning of English Near Synonyms

Corpus-based studies show that near-synonyms differ in their collocational behavior and semantic prosody which causes deviation in Chinese EFL learners’English using.This paper attempts to investigate the effectiveness of a corpus-based approach to the teaching and learning of near synonyms and their collocations.By using internet accessible computers to log on to websites of BNC and COCA,learners can view real language data and study the usage of targeted near synonyms.This empirical study tends to show that a corpus based approach is positively effective to the learning of near synonyms.It also provides some pedagogical implications that learners can play a major and active role in DDL and teachers only act as assistants.

论商务英语中同义词重复问题(英文)

Discussed and has analyzed in the commercial English, shrank the abbreviation and identical words and expressions redundant and the synonym compound use; Ancient substantive; Expression precise and fuzziness; The active voice sentence and so on several language phenomena is opposite with passive voice sentence in takes the ordinary English which in the daily life uses, commercial English belongs to one dedicated application English, its linguistic environment are many and the finance, the economics and trade, the public relations, the management, the marketing and so on foreign work is related, specialized knowledgeable is strong. Compares with the ordinary English, commercial English in aspects and so on topical glossary, sentence type characteristic, issue document structure, turn of expression often displays and the ordinary English different individuality.

Surveillance of chikungunya virus in Andhra Pradesh,Southern India

Objective:The study involved survey and screening of areas suspected of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection,characterizing the causative agent and identifying the circulating CHIKV genotype.Methods:Acute phase samples were screened by the use of RTPCR using primer set DVRChk-F/DVRChk-R whereas convalescent samples were tested by CHIKV IgM strips. Results:Two hundred and seventy five acute phase samples were screened by RT-PCR.of which 149(54.18%) showed positivity for CHIKV.Later on 192 convalescent phase samples were tested for CHIKV specific antibodies in which 125(65.10%) samples were found to be positive.Four CHIKV strains were selected and subjected to cloning followed by nucleotide sequencing and were submitted to the Genbank DMA database with the Accession numbers(GQ119362,GQ119363, GQl 19364,and FJ225403).The Sequence analysis of "CHIK-Kadapa" strain(GQ119362) with other CHIKV isolates suggested that the present CHIKV strain has(99.23±0.52)%and 100%identity with Central East South African isolates(CESA) at nucleotide and amino acid levels respectively.Two unique non synonymous mutations S168L and D183V were depicted in El gene of the selected strains of the present study.Conclusions:The 14 months survey revealed the circulation of CHIKV in 2008-2009 in Andhra Pradesh and the causative agent is identified to be of Central East South African(CESA) origin.The importance of the non synonymous mutations(S168L and D183V) and their role in the mobility and strength of the El-El and E1-E2 interactions needs further investigations.The study also urges the need for intensifying the epidemiological and entomological surveillance to combat any such CHIKV outbreak in the near future.

The identity of some taxa of Schizophragma (Saxifragaceae)

After examining a large number of type and authoritative specimens of Schizophragma Siebold ＆ Zucc., S. elliptifolium C. F. Wei and S. integrifolium var. glaucescens Rehder were reduced to synonyms of S. hypoglaucum Rehder and S. integrifolium f. cordatum S. Y. Wang was reduced to synonym of S. corylifolium Chun. Schizophragma crassum var. ellipticum J. Anthony was treated as the correct name of S. crassum var. hsitaoanum （Chun） C. F. Wei. The name S. integrifolium var. minus Rehder is reinstated. The taxonomic treatment is supported by leaf epidermal characters.