Identification, Synthesis, Isolation and Spectral Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Related Substances

Several related substances were detected at trace level in (2R)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-6-nitro-2-[[4-[4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-1-piperidinyl] phenoxy] methyl]imidazo[2, 1-b]oxazole drug substance by a newly developed high-performance liquid chromatography method. All related substances were characterized rapidly but some impurities were found to be intermediates. Proposed structures were further confirmed by characterization using NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS techniques. Based on the spectroscopic data;unknown related sub-stances were characterized as 1-(Methylsulfonyl)-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy]piperidine;4-{4-[4-(Tri-fluoromethoxy)-phenoxy]piperidin-1-yl}phenol and 4-{4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]piperidin-1-yl}phenyl methane sulfonate;4-Bromophenyl methane sulfonate, Ethyl 3,6-dihydro-1(2H)-pyridine carboxylate, (2S)-3-(4-Bromophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl methane sulfonate, (2S)-3-(4-Bromophenoxy)-2-methylpropane-1,2-diyldimethane-sulfonate, (2S)-2-Methyl-3-(4-{4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy]-piperidin-1-yl} phenoxy)-propane-1,2-diyldimethane sulfonate, (S)-3-(4-Bromophenoxy)-2-methyl-propane-1,2-diol and corresponding Enantiomer, (2R)-2-[(4-Bromo-phenoxy)methyl]-2-methyloxirane and (2R)-2-[(4-bromophenoxy)methyl]-2-methyl-6-nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazole. A possible mechanism for the formation of these related substances is also proposed.

Computational Methods in the Theory of Synthesis of Radio and Acoustic Radiating Systems

A brief review of the works of the author and his co-authors on the application of nonlinear analysis, numerical and analytical methods for solving the nonlinear inverse problems (synthesis problems) for optimizing the different types of radiating systems, is presented in the paper. The synthesis problems are formulated in variational statements and further they are reduced to research and numerical solution of nonlinear integral equations of Hammerstein type. The existence theorems are proof, the investigation methods of nonuniqueness problem of solutions and numerical algorithms of finding the optimal solutions are proved.

TPS与TBS分选粗煤泥对比研究

粗煤泥分选是选煤过程中的重要环节,传统的粗煤泥分选设备对难选粗煤泥难以实现有效分选,因此选煤厂通常采用两段分选来满足产品要求,但两段分选工艺比一段分选工艺复杂。为简化粗煤泥分选工艺流程,以TPS和TBS在回坡底矿选煤厂的工业应用为例,对比了两种设备在自身结构、产品结构和分选效果上的差异。在设备结构上,TPS通过在分选桶内增加一个内桶实现了两段分选,并通过顶水分配装置和内桶溢流导流槽等结构优化保证了两段分选的可靠性。在产品结构上,TBS可分选出精煤和研石两种产品,但无法同时获得合格精煤和高灰分尾煤;TPS不仅可获得精煤、中煤、石三种产品,而且可根据产品质量要求灵活调节出两产品或三产品,在精煤产品灰分合格的前提下TPS尾煤灰分为72.21%,同时可得到产率为36.62%、灰分为35.72%的中煤产品。在分选效果上,TPS的数量效率比TBS高2.82个百分点,可燃体回收率比TBS高24.53个百分点。TPS与TBS分选粗煤泥的对比研究可为TPS与TBS的合理选型提供有益参考。

耐高温起泡剂膦甲基酚醛树脂PMP的合成及性能

由苯酚、甲醛、PCl3合成了水溶性固体膦甲基酚醛树脂(PMP),其HLB值为20 7。简介了合成方法,考察了PMP作为起泡剂的配方性能。PMP溶液室温发泡体积Vf随浓度增大(5～20g/L)而略有增大,泡沫半衰期t1/2在浓度12 5g/L时最长,为20 2min,此时Vf=520mL(/100mL溶液)。在该浓度PMP溶液中分别加入CMC、硅酸钠、三乙醇胺、膨润土使Vf值略降,t1/2值在适宜加量范围大幅延长,加量分别为1 0、2 0、12 5、40g/L时有最大值370 0、85 2、180 2、174 2min;这4个复配PMP/添加剂溶液在温度升高时(30～90℃)Vf值增大但t1/2值大幅缩短。12 5g/LPMP溶液在150～200℃滚动16h后室温下Vf值不变,t1/2值随滚动温度升高而降低,200℃时为11 3min;12 5/2 0/10/40g/LPMP/硅酸钠/三乙醇胺/膨润土溶液在200℃滚动16h后,室温下Vf值为470mL,t1/2值高达50h。PMP为耐高温性能良好的起泡剂,可与硅酸钠、三乙醇胺、膨润土复配使用。图2表4参10。

4-(3-吲哚基)-3-丁烯-2-酮苯甲酰腙Schiff碱过渡金属配合物的合成、表征及生物活性研究

A Schiff base ligand 4-[indol-3-yl]-but-3-en-2-one benzoyl hydrazone (HL), and its four transition metal complexes (ML2,M=Cu(, Ni(, Zn( and Co() have been prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis, EI-MS, molar conductivity, IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR. The results showed that HL as a bidentate ligand coordinated with transition metal ions to form four-coordination complexes. The antibacterial activity was studied by using the filter scraps diffusion method, and the results indicated that the ligand and the complexes had a low bacteriostatic activity against S. Aureu, P. Aeruginosa and E. Coli. The low in vitro antitumor activity of the title complexes was also observed by using MTT method against KB, A2780, Bel7402 and HELF.

Fast and Accurate Identification of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>Complex Using an Immunochromatographic MPT64 Antigen Detection Test

Background: A new rapid Immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit (MPT64 TB Ag Kit) for detection of MPT64 Antigen in M. tuberculosis (MTB) isolates used for rapid identification of MTB isolates developed by SD (Standard Diagnostics) Bio line, South Korea was evaluated. The ICT is a rapid, reliable and cheaper method that can be used instead of conventional biochemical tests for confirming MTB in culture isolates in resource limited laboratories. The study also evaluated the ability of ICT to detect MPT64-Antigen before the micro MGIT could signal positive. Material/Methods: A total of 450 sputum samples of individual patients were used for the study. 152 isolates of Mycobacteria were recovered from solid and liquid media. These strains were tested for the detection of MPT64-antigen. H37Rv strain was served as the positive reference control and also used for early detection of Antigen experiment. Findings: The development of bands on both test and sample region when H37Rv strain was tested were seen (MPT64 antigen positive). When 138 MTB isolates were tested, it showed a similar banding pattern indicating 100% sensitivity. MPT64 band formation was not detected in any of the 14 isolates indicating 100% specificity. Both PPV & NPV were 100%. All the isolates negative for MPT64 Ag were confirmed as MOTT by conventional bio-chemical PNBA. The H37Rv strain showed a faint band from the 2nd day onwards from inoculation till 3rd day in the earlier Antigen detection experiment. Conclusion: Rapid identification of MTB culture isolate is a pressing need for diagnosis and proceeding to perform drug susceptibility testing. MPT64 TB Ag detection ICT kit is a rapid, reliable method, good substitute for molecular identification methods, and conventional biochemical test which is time-consuming and technically demanding. The early detection of Antigen can be used as an effective tool in diagnosis.

Iron Atom-Cluster Strategy Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Fe-N-C Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Developing nonprecious metal-nitrogen-doped carbon(M-N-C)catalysts with high activity and stability is critical to their widespread use in fuel cells;however,these catalysts still face considerable challenges.Herein,a novel iron atom-cluster strategy for the synthesis of iron-based N-C catalyst comprising Fe nanoparticles(Fe NPs)surrounded by Fe-N_(x) sites is developed for oxygen reduction reactions in an acidic fuel cell.Iron oxide NPs were incorporated into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)-derived carbon materials and pyrolyzed at high temperatures using NaCl as a modifi er to produce Fe NPs and Fe-N_(x) composite active sites.The half-wave potential of the optimized Fe_(NP)/FeNC-NaCl material was substantially improved to 0.81 V.Furthermore,even after 15,000 cycles,the half-wave potential of the catalyst remained essentially unchanged.As a cathode catalyst for fuel cells,it realized a high peak power density of 436 mW/cm^(2)under a practical H_(2)-air atmosphere.Therefore,this study presents a new approach for designing and synthesizing electrocatalytic materials with high catalytic activity and stability.

Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Morphology of ZnO Nanoparticles

The ZnO molecule plays an important role in the industry due to it special features, anti-corrosion anti-bacterial properties, as well as due to its low electrical conductivity and heat resistance. In these experimental researches, the sol-gel method was chosen, which enables control of nucleation, aging and growth of particles in the solution. ZnO synthesis was prepared utilizing chemical method with Zinc acetate dyhidrate and NaOH with the appropriate methanol solvent and heating (60˚C). The methods used in identification and characterization are FTIR, UV/VIS, OPTICAL MICROSCOPY, SEM and XRD. The FTIR spectra of synthesized ZnO with corresponding ones show characteristic bands at the corresponding wavelengths, which confirm the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. SEM characterization of ZnO shows the morphology of needle-shaped nanoparticles. XRD spectar in this research by chemical method indicates the particle size of 17.76 nm.

Biological Synthesis of Colloidal Gold Nanoprisms Using <i>Penicillium citrinum</i>MTCC9999

This report provides for the first time rapid novel environment friendly cell surface based synthesis of stable gold nanoprisms at room temperature using Penicillium citrinum MTCC9999 biomass. The UV-Visible spectral scan of dispersed gold nanoparticles (GNPs) solution showed absorption maxima at 540 nm due to surface plasma resonance (SPR) of gold nanoparticles. Typical Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) images showed that most of them were prism (55%) shaped with a diameter ranging from 20 - 40 nm. These results obtained from TEM correlated well with the data obtained from Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) experiment. Average zeta potential of GNPs was -20 mV suggesting some biomolecules capped the nanoparticles imparting a net negative charge over it. FTIR analysis also showed that protein molecules were involved in stabilization.

One-pot synthesis and optical properties of In- and Sn-doped ZnO nanoparticles

Colloidal indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) and tin-doped zinc oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles were successfully prepared in organic solution, with metal acetylacetonate as the precursor and oleylamine as the solvent. The crystal and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV−visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively; the surface and structure morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD patterns of the IZO and ZTO nanoparticles all exhibited similar diffraction peaks consistent with the standard XRD pattern of ZnO, although the diffraction peaks of the IZO and ZTO nanoparticles were slightly shifted with increasing dopant concentration. With increasing dopant concentration, the fluorescent emission peaks of the IZO nanoparticles exhibited an obvious red shift because of the difference in atomic radii of indium and zinc, whereas those of the ZTO nanoparticles exhibited almost no shift because of the similarity in atomic radii of tin and zinc. Furthermore, the sizes of the IZO and ZTO nanoparticles distributed in the ranges 20–40 and 20–25 nm, respectively, which is attributed to the difference in ionic radii of indium and tin. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

The Flow of Information from Nucleus to Golgi Is Contingent upon Nuclear Membrane Synthesis and Protraction of the Ceramide-Containing Membrane to Endoplasmic Reticulum

The nucleus-initiated augmentation of ER membrane is reflected in a coordinated synthesis and intercalation of the explicit proteins and lipids required for the replacement, repair and function of the cell and its organelles. The direct connection between nucleus and the membranes containing labeled sphingosine (SphN) and ceramide (Cer) was affirmed by determining synthetic activity of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The SPT and the newly synthesized serine-labeled lipid products were identified in the Outer- and Inner-Nuclear Membrane (ONM, INM) and ER. The pulse-chase experiments disclosed that the incorporation of radiolabeled lipids into both nuclear membranes declined upon their simultaneous increase in Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). These results, and prior findings regarding metabolic transfer of nuclear membrane phosphoinositides to the outer leaflet of ER [Slomiany and Slomiany, Health, 2011, 3, 187-199], allowed us to reason that INM and ONM are not distinct entities, but uninterrupted continuum facing nucleosol and then cytosol when protracted into segment known as ER. Consequently, the identification of SPT and its products in the inner leaflet of nuclear and ER microsomes lent credence to the luminal presence of Cer in Golgi, luminal synthesis of glycosphingolipids (GSphLs), sphingomyelin (SM), and their delivery to the outer leaflet of apical and basolateral cell membrane, respectively. The findings presented in this communication provide further support to our concept that the factual intercalation of proteins and lipids into the cell membranes can only take place during their simultaneous synthesis that is guided by the nuclear and cytosolic processes enacted in nuclear-ER membrane continuum. At the nuclear stage, the signal-specific genes expression promotes active synthesis and intercalation of lipids into the organelles’ customized membrane that is protracted and articulated in ER in form of transport vesicles.

Recent advances in cobalt phosphide-based materials for electrocatalytic water splitting:From catalytic mechanism and synthesis method to optimization design

Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial in making electrolyzed water technology commercially viable.Cobalt phosphide(Co-P)has emerged as a catalyst of high potential owing to its high catalytic activity and durability in water splitting.This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the development of Co-P-based materials for use in water splitting.The essential effects of P in enhancing the catalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are first outlined.Then,versatile synthesis techniques for Co-P electrocatalysts are summarized,followed by advanced strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Co-P materials,including heteroatom doping,composite construction,integration with well-conductive sub-strates,and structure control from the viewpoint of experiment.Along with these optimization strategies,the understanding of the inherent mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges in the development of highly active and stable Co-P-based materials are clarified,and pro-spective directions for prompting the wide commercialization of water electrolysis technology are proposed.

Research on Synthesis of 4,5-Dihydroxy-1,3-Dimethyl-2-Imidazo-lidinone

The formaidehyde-free finishing agent 4,5-di-hydroxy-1,3-dimethy1-2-imidazolidinone(DMeDHEU)was prepared by the reaction of 1,3-dimethylurea and glyoxal.The reaction rate and equilib-rium conversion in relation to pH value,molar ratio,temperature and catalyst were studied.The conversionto DMeDHEU,catalyzed with citric acid/anhydrousNaAc,reached 95% in 6 hours at 40℃, pH 5.5 andmolar ratio 1.2.

鼠害监测防治TBS捕鼠筒改进初报

寻找传统的鼠害监测防治TBS半圆形铁皮捕鼠筒的改进方法。分析了TBS监测防治鼠害优势、存在的问题,磴口监测点应用传统捕鼠筒的概况,开展了传统捕鼠筒改进尝试,主要是将半圆形铁皮单层捕鼠筒改为PVC双层嵌套式可分离型圆筒,加装提手。2021年3月应用以来的应用效果良好,该装置耐浸泡,耐腐蚀,不生锈,冬季无须撤除,可常年设置。特别适于在风沙较大的西北地区使用。

Synthesis of mordenite by solvent-free method and its application in the dimethyl ether carbonylation reaction

Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sites were systematically investigated.The characterization results showed that with the increase of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock,part of silicon species fail to enter the skeleton and the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples decreased.The amount of weak acid and medium strong acid decreased alongside with the increasing Si/Al ratio,and the amount of strong acid slightly increased.The Al atoms preferentially enter the strong acid sites in the 8 member ring(MR)channel during the crystallization process.The high Si/Al ratio sample had more acid sites located in the 8 MR channel,leading to more active sites for carbonylation reaction and higher catalytic performance.Appropriately increasing the Si/Al ratio was beneficial for the improvement of carbonylation reaction activity over the mordenite(MOR)catalyst.

Process and performance of DAAF microspheres prepared by continuous integration from synthesis to spherical coating based on microfluidic system

In order to improve the energy output consistency of 3, 3’-diamino-4, 4’-azoxyfurazan(DAAF) in the new insensitive booster and the safety and efficiency in the preparation process, a continuous preparation system of DAAF from synthesis to spherical coating was designed and established in this paper, which combined ultrasonic micromixing reaction with microdroplet globular template. In the rapid micromixing stage, the microfluidic mixing technology with ultrasonic was used to synergistically strengthen the uniform and rapid mass transfer mixing reaction between raw materials to ensure the uniformity of DAAF particle nucleation-growth, and to prepare high-quality DAAF crystals with uniform structure and morphology and concentrated particle size distribution. In the microdroplet globular template stage, the microfluidic droplet technology was used to form a droplet globular template with uniform size under the shear action of the continuous phase of the dispersed phase solution containing DAAF particles and binder. The size of the droplet template was controlled by adjusting the flow rate ratio between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase. In the droplet globular template, with the diffusion of the solvent in the dispersed phase droplets, the binder precipitates to coat the DAAF into a ball, forming a DAAF microsphere with high sphericity, narrow particle size distribution and good monodispersity. The problem of discontinuity and DAAF particle suspension in the process was solved, and the coating theory under this process was studied. DAAF was coated with different binder formulations of fluororubber(F2604), nitrocellulose(NC) and NC/glycidyl azide polymer(GAP), and the process verification and evaluation of the system were carried out. The balling effects of large, medium and small droplet templates under different binder formulations were studied. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) results show that the three droplet templates under the three binder formulations exhibit good balling effect and narrow particle size distribution. The DAAF microspheres were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), thermo-gravimetric(TG) and sensitivity analyzer. The results showed that the crystal structure of DAAF did not change during the process, and the prepared DAAF microspheres had lower decomposition temperature and lower mechanical sensitivity than raw DAAF. The results of detonation parameters show that the coating of DAAF by using the above three binder formulations will not greatly reduce the energy output of DAAF, and has comparable detonation performance to raw DAAF. This study proves an efficient and safe continuous system from synthesis to spherical coating modification of explosives, which provides a new way for the continuous, safe and efficient preparation of spherical explosives.

Synthesis of Commercial-Scale Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt (WC/Co) Nanocomposite Using Aqueous Solutions of Tungsten (W), Cobalt (Co), and Carbon (C) Precursors

This paper reports the chemical synthesis of tungsten carbide/cobalt (WC/Co) nanocomposite powders via a unique chemical processing technique, involving the using of all water soluble solution of W-, Co- and C-precursors. In the actual synthesis, large quantities of commercial-scale WC-Co nanocomposite powders are made by an unique combination of converting a molecularly mixed W-, Co-, and C-containing solutions into a complex inorganic polymeric powder precursor, conversion of the inorganic polymeric precursor powder into a W-Co-C-O containing powder intermediates using a belt furnace with temperature at about 500°C - 600°C in an inert atmosphere, followed by carburization in a rotary furnace at temperature less than 1000°C in nitrogen. Liquid phase sintering technique is used to consolidate the WC/Co nanocomposite powder into sintered bulk parts. The sintered parts have excellent hardness in excess of 93 HRA, with WC grains in the order of 200 - 300 nm, while Co phase is uniformly distributed on the grain boundaries of the WC nanoparticles. We also report the presence of cobalt Co precipitates inside tungsten carbide WC nanograins in the composites of the consolidated bulk parts. EDS is used to identify the presence of these precipitates and micro-micro-diffraction technique is employed to determine the nature of these precipitates.

Exploring nitrogen reduction reaction mechanisms in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis:A comprehensive review

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to the conventional large-scale Haber Bosch process,offering a carbon footprint-free approach for ammonia synthesis.While the process is thermodynamically feasible at ambient temperature and pressure,challenges such as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction,low nitrogen solubility in electrolytes,and the activation of inert dinitrogen(N_(2))gas adversely affect the performance of ammonia production.These hurdles result in low Faradaic efficiency and low ammonia production rate,which pose obstacles to the commercialisation of the process.Researchers have been actively designing and proposing various electrocatalysts to address these issues,but challenges still need to be resolved.A key strategy in electrocatalyst design lies in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the success or failure of the electrocatalyst in driving the electrochemical reaction.Through mechanistic studies,we gain valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction,enabling us to propose optimised designs to overcome the barriers.This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various mechanisms involved in eNRR on the electrocatalyst surface.It delves into the various mechanisms such as dissociative,associative,Mars-van Krevelen,lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction and surface hydrogenation mechanisms of nitrogen reduction.By unravelling the intricacies of eNRR mechanisms and exploring promising avenues,we can pave the way for more efficient and commercially viable ammonia synthesis through this sustainable electrochemical process by designing an efficient electrocatalyst.

Sustainable ammonia synthesis:An in-depth review of non-thermal plasma technologies

Ammonia serves both as a widely used fertilizer and environmentally friendly energy source due to its high energy density,rich hydrogen content,and emissions-free combustion.Additionally,it offers convenient transportation and storage as a hydrogen carrier.The dominant method used for large-scale ammonia production is the Haber-Bosch process,which requires high temperatures and pressures and is energy-intensive.However,non-thermal plasma offers an eco-friendly alternative for ammonia synthesis,gaining significant attention.It enables ammonia production at lower temperatures and pressures using plasma technology.This review provides insights into the catalyst and reactor developments,which are pivotal for promoting ammonia efficiency and addressing existing challenges.At first,the reaction kinetics and mechanisms are introduced to gain a comprehensive understanding of the reaction pathways involved in plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis.Thereafter,the enhancement of ammonia synthesis efficiency is discussed by developing and optimizing plasma reactors and effective catalysts.The effect of other feeding sources,such as water and methane,instead of hydrogen is also presented.Finally,the challenges and possible solutions are outlined to facilitate energy-saving and enhance ammonia efficiency in the future.

Solvothermal synthesis and adsorption performance of layered boehmite using aluminum chloride and high-alumina fly ash

High alumina fly ash(FAHAl)is a kind of bulk solid waste unique to China,whose availability of high-value aluminum and the threat to the environment makes its high-value utilization urgent.In this work,the alumina containing leaching solution obtained from Na_(2)CO_(3) roasting and HCl leaching of FAHAl was used as the mother liquor to prepare layered boehmite in situ.The preparation process with AlCl_(3) as the raw material was also compared.The formation process and mechanism of boehmite,the choice of solvent,along with the adsorption capability of Congo red were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and adsorption experiments.Results showed that during the preparation of layered boehmite,the precursor Al(OH)_(3) from the reaction of Al^(3+) and OH-is transformed into boehmiteγ-AlOOH.The existence of ethanol is beneficial to regulate and promote the growth of boehmite crystal effectively.When water and ethanol are mixed with a volume ratio of 2:1 and used as the solvent,the maximum specific surface area of the boehmite is obtained at 135.7 m^(2)·g^(-1),and 99.16%of Congo red can be absorbed after 10 min when AlCl3 is used as a raw material.As purified leaching solution is used as the mother liquid,the crystallinity of boehmite decreases slightly when the pH value decreases from 12.5 to 11.When pH is 11,the removal efficiency of Congo red reaches a maximum of 72.25%.This process not only achieves the extraction of aluminum and high-value utilization of FAHAl but also provides a thought to prepare layered boehmite with adsorption properties.