Synthetical Efficiency-based Optimization for the Power Distribution of Power-split Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Now the optimization strategies for power distribution are researched widely, and most of them are aiming to the optimal fuel economy and the driving cycle must be preknown. Thus if the actual driving condition deviates from the scheduled driving cycle, the effect of optimal results will be declined greatly. Therefore, the instantaneous optimization strategy carried out on-line is studied in this paper. The power split path and the transmission efficiency are analyzed based on a special power-split scheme and the efficiency models of the power transmitting components are established. The synthetical efficiency optimization model is established for enhancing the transmission efficiency and the fuel economy. The identification of the synthetical efficiency as the optimization objective and the constrain group are discussed emphatically. The optimization is calculated by the adaptive simulated annealing （ASA） algorithm and realized on-line by the radial basis function （RBF）-based similar models. The optimization for power distribution of the hybrid vehicle in an actual driving condition is carried out and the road test results are presented. The test results indicate that the synthetical efficiency optimization method can enhance the transmission efficiency and the fuel economy of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） observably. Compared to the rules-based strategy the optimization strategy is optimal and achieves the approximate global optimization solution for the power distribution. The synthetical efficiency optimization solved by ASA algorithm can give attentions to both optimization quality and calculation efficiency, thus it has good application foreground for the power distribution of power-split HEV.

Design of a Control Device for Synthetic Making Test Based on Pre-Arcing Current Detection and Phase Control

The synthetic making test has been widely used in evaluating the break ability of high-voltage circuit breaker. However, the test research and application are still inadequate, especially in the condition of rated voltage. According to the realistic conditions of test stations in China, a control device based on pre-arcing current detection and phase control is proposed in this paper. A sample of the control device made up of DSP TMS320LF2407A is fabricated, in which the CPLD MAX7064 is used to transmit signals for EMC design. It can be applied in full voltage synthetic making test at a level of 126kV/63kA. The test results show that, it is accurate to control the making phase of the applied voltage, whether the closing is demanded at voltage peak or zero.

Investigation into Equivalency of Synthetic Test Circuit Used for Operational Tests of Thyristor Valves for UHVDC

With the growth of capacity of high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission lines,the ratings of thyristor valves,which are one of the most critical equipments,are getting higher and higher.Verification of performance of thyristor valves particularly designed for HVDC project plays an important role in the handover of products between the manufacturer and the client.Conventional test facilities based on philosophy of direct test cannot meet the requirements for modern thyristor valves.New test facilities with high ratings are necessarily built based on philosophy of synthetic test.Over the conventional direct test circuit,the later is an economical and feasible solution with less financial investment and higher test capability.However,the equivalency between the synthetic test and the direct test should be analyzed technically in order to make sure that the condition of verification test in a synthetic test circuit should satisfy the actual operation condition of thyristor valves existing in a real HVDC project,just as in a direct test circuit.Equivalency analysis is focused in this paper,covering the scope of thyristor valves' steady state,and transient state.On the basis of the results achieved,a synthetic test circuit of 6 500 A/50 kV for operational tests of thyristor valves used for up to UHVDC project has newly been set up and already put into service in Xi'an High Voltage Apparatus Research Institute Co.,Ltd.(XIHARI),China.Some of the results have been adopted also by a new national standard of China.

Forecasting the Quasi-stationary Front Rainstorm in Southeast China Using the Synthetically Multilevel Analog Forecast Technology

The authors use numerical model integral products in a third level forecast of synthetically multi-level analog forecast technology.This is one of the strongest points of this study,which also includes the re-ducing mean vacant-forecast rate method,which pos-sesses many advantages with regard to filtering the analog term.Moreover,the similitude degree between samples is assessed using a combination of meteorological elements,which works better than that described using a single element in earlier analog forecast studies.Based on these techniques,the authors apply the model output,air sounding,surface observation and weather map data from 1990 to 2002 to perform an analog experiment of the quasi-stationary front rainstorm.The most important re-sults are as follows:(1) The forecast successful index is 0.36,and was improved after the forecast model was re-vised.(2) The forecast precise rate (0.59) and the lost-forecast rate (0.33) are also better than those of other methods.(3) Based on the model output data,the syn-thetically multilevel analog forecast technology can pro-duce more accurate forecasts of a quasi-stationary front rainstorm.(4) Optimal analog elements reveal that trig-gering mechanisms are located in the lower troposphere while upper level systems are more important in main-taining the phase of the rainstorm.These variables should be first taken into account in operational forecasts of the quasi-stationary front rainstorm.(5) In addition,experi-ments reveal that the position of the key zone is mainly decided by the position of the system causing the heavy rainfall.

SYNTHETIC STRESSLIFE TESTING OF MECHATRONIC PRODUCTS UNDER VARIABLE STRESS SPECTRUM

Mechatronic products usually endure the variable stress spectrum when they operate in certain operational condition and environmental condition, which obey the Weibull distribution. In accordance with the features of mechatronic product, this paper analyzes the failure mode, its corresponding sensitive stress and the design principles of life testing profiles. Based on the above analyses, this paper presents a synthetic stress life testing method based on the hybrid Weibull distribution and its statistical method under variable stress spectrum to evaluate the reliability and life indices of mechatronic products. Because the mechatronic products have many characteristics such as high price, long life and small testing samples, the synthetic stress life testing method under variable load spectrum can simulate the real various spectra, decrease the life testing time and reduce the testing samples. So it is effective to carry out the life testing to mechatronic products. The application results of hydraulic pumps indicate that this method can easily handle the experimental data under variable amplitude spectrum, obtain the high precision parameters point estimation and confidence interval estimation and reduce the testing cost greatly.

Dimensional analysis of the impact toughness test for synthetic diamond grits

The method,in which a few carats of diamond grits are placed inside a capsule together with a steel ball,shaken for a number of times,and the unbroken ratio of the grits is then used to evaluate the quality of the diamond,has been well established for many years.However,the unbroken percentage,in an equivalent view,represents the impact toughness of the grits and cannot reflect the value of the crushing energy.Most of the previous empirical formulas obtained from experiments by scholars cannot be applied to practical tests.In this paper,a dimensional analysis was applied to investigate the impact toughness experiment,and the dimensionless relationship has been built among those variables such as the toughness index,the impact time,the impact frequency and the crushing energy per unit area.According to the results of a large number of experiments with synthetic diamond grits of mesh size 45/50,the percentage of the broken grits H is proportional to the impact time T^（1.14） when the impact frequency is 2400 r/min,and the impact frequency f^（2.576） when the number of impacts is 2000.

基于极化SAR梯度和复Wishart分类器的舰船检测

舰船检测是极化SAR系统的重要应用之一。现有的舰船检测方法容易受到旁瓣泄露的干扰,使得舰船目标的形态难以提取,导致检测结果不符合真实情况。此外,在舰船过于密集、尺度不一致的情况下,相邻舰船由于旁瓣的影响有时会被认为是单个目标,从而造成漏检。针对这些问题,该文提出一种基于极化SAR梯度和复Wishart分类器的舰船检测方法。首先,将似然比检验(LRT)梯度引入对数比值梯度框架,使其适用于极化SAR数据;基于LRT梯度图进行恒虚警(CFAR)检测,提取舰船的边缘信息,消除伪影的同时抑制强旁瓣对舰船精细轮廓提取的影响。其次,利用复Wishart迭代分类器对舰船强散射部分进行检测,可排除大部分的杂波干扰且保持舰船形态细节。最后,将二者信息融合,从而可以保持舰船形态细节的同时克服旁瓣和伪信号的虚警。该文在3幅来自ALOS-2卫星的极化SAR图像上进行了对比实验,实验表明与其他方法相比,该文所提算法具有更少的虚警和漏检,且能够有效克服旁瓣泄露,保持舰船形态细节。

直流断路器全工况串联型合成等效试验方法

混合式高压直流断路器作为直流电网的关键设备之一,完备的型式试验是保证其挂网运行时快速、可靠清除故障电流和故障恢复的重要手段。为了更好地等效混合式直流断路器分断及故障恢复过程中的高电压与大电流工况,研究了混合式直流断路器开断大电流和故障清除失败情况下的重合闸全过程等效性评价指标,提出了一种新型串联式的全压全流合成等效试验方法,通过适当的控制方式,方案可以在不过多增加控制复杂度,实现试验全工况等效,并通过对电容器组的高效复用,降低了试验的成本。在该方案中,试验回路由大电流回路和高电压回路串联,通过大电流回路单独提供开断电流,在断路器开断结束后投入高压试验回路,两个回路共同作用提供开断后稳态电压和重合闸的二次电流。通过对4 kV/8 kA断路器进行开断及重合闸实验,验证了该试验回路的可行性,并针对500 kV/25 kA工况下的断路器对比了该试验回路与现有并联合成试验回路,结果表明串联式的全压全流合成试验方法在等效性、二次控制简易性和经济性方面存在优势,为直流断路器全工况等效试验提供另一种可选择方案。

短路电流对二次设备电磁干扰分析及抗干扰措施

目前智能配电网的建设不断推进,加快了配电开关一二次设备相关技术的发展,也对长期处于复杂电磁环境下的二次设备提出了更高的要求。文中基于合成试验回路搭建了短路电流对配电开关二次设备电磁干扰试验平台,开展开断故障电流对相关干扰对成套设备的影响研究,分析干扰信号产生原因、频谱特性。针对干扰的特性设计一套抗干扰测量系统,利用ATP-EMTP模拟合成回路进行仿真分析并进行实际测试验证。结果表明:成套设备进行开断试验时,二次设备端口会受到较大的干扰。电流波形也会发生畸变,干扰电流的最高可到26 A,且干扰电流受电流互感器磁饱和和退饱和的影响,通过增加抗干扰措施,二次设备输出准确度与之相比提升约40%。本次的试验结果可为一二次融合成套设备中二次设备电磁兼容研究提供相关依据。

模拟生活干垃圾循环流化床气化试验

为给工业化循环流化床垃圾气化技术研发提供基础数据,在中试规模循环流化床气化试验台,研究过量空气系数和系统富氧体积分数对模拟生活干垃圾(简称“干垃圾”)气化特性影响。试验用干垃圾为单组分垃圾料配置而成的压块料,组成包括纸张、织物、木屑、灰渣和水,分别按质量分数60%、10%、10%、10%及10%配比,并通过用干垃圾压块料和工业锅炉底渣交错加料的方式解决了中试试验中压块料进料不畅的问题。通过试验发现干垃圾空气气化条件,过量空气系数由0.31提至0.50,气化温度会由850℃提至950℃,生成的煤气热值3976~2590 kJ/m^(3),煤气中CO产率增加,H_(2)产率先增加后减少,CH_(4)产率减少,煤气产气率2.28~3.08 m^(3)/kg,冷煤气效率42.97%~51.01%,碳转化率83.11%~92.45%;在900℃条件系统富氧体积分数由30%升高至50%时,水煤气反应得到强化,煤气有效组分(CO+H_(2)+CH_(4))产率和煤气热值均得到提高,煤气热值5274~7294 kJ/m^(3),煤气产气率1.37~1.93 m^(3)/kg,碳转化率83.32%~81.11%,冷煤气效率55.39%~53.77%;模拟生活干垃圾在中试规模循环流化床气化炉内实现稳定空气气化和富氧-水蒸汽气化运行,炉膛底部温度低,炉膛底部至顶部高度范围内温度分布较为均匀,装置稳定连续运行108 h,温差在19.7℃以内,中试规模循环流化床内部物料循环稳定。

基于混凝土缺陷超声检测的合成孔径聚焦成像

由于混凝土的随机性,超声波在混凝土中传播伴随着强烈的衰减、反射以及散射作用,回波信号信噪比低,带有损伤信息的有效反射信号同背景噪声混叠畸变。传统超声信号处理难以识别缺陷的具体信息,本文引入了频域合成孔径聚焦算法对超声回波数据进行成像处理,并开展了对混凝土空洞缺陷的数值模拟和试验研究,采用道内平衡处理方法,对混凝土深部信号进行了增强处理,提高了缺陷回波的质量,对多次自发自收数据进行了频域合成孔径成像处理,空洞缺陷的绕射波被收敛,提高了100 kHz超声波的检测成像效果;同时预制了双空洞混凝土试件,使用宽频带窄脉冲探头进行现场混凝土空洞缺陷超声波检测试验,结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,证明了合成孔径聚焦技术能够使混凝土缺陷的绕射波得到了很好的收敛,有效提高了小孔径超声波探头的分辨率。

新型IGCT直流输电换流阀运行试验研究及其等效性评估

换相失败问题(commutation failure,CF)是电网换相换流高压直流输电技术(line commutated converter high voltage directcurrent,LCC-HVDC)面临的固有难题。为了解决该问题,已有文献主要从拓扑结构、控制策略等方面着手,鲜见抵御换相失败的新型换流阀研制及试验研究。该文开展基于大功率逆阻型集成门极换流晶闸管(reverse blocking integrated gate commutated thyristor,RB-IGCT)的新型换流阀试验研究及试验等效性分析。首先,阐释新型换流阀抵御换相失败的原理,并针对新型换流阀不同的工作模式,提出对新型电力电子器件的需求。然后,利用现有的型式试验合成回路平台开展适用于传统晶闸管换流阀的运行试验,并分析试验结果,得出大部分试验项目等效性较好而小熄弧角试验和关断试验等效性较差的结论。最后,针对这两项特殊试验提出新的试验方法和试验电路,可为新型换流阀的研发和应用提供一定的技术基础。

绕月SAR天线热控设计

合成孔径雷达(SAR)天线是遥感卫星的重要载荷之一,面对月球轨道舱外天线复杂的外热流环境,结合轨道特点,对天线开展了详细的外热流分析,解析了月球环境的热设计难点,进行了针对性的热控设计,解决了极地轨道下天线在一个很大的外热流和极小的外热流间不断循环的问题。采用TMG软件对天线进行了热仿真分析,并利用热模拟件进行了热平衡试验。分析和试验结果表明,天线各单机温度满足指标要求。本文适用于平板SAR天线,对有源SAR天线的热控设计具有一定的借鉴意义。

基于两电平电压源合成试验方法的混合式直流断路器开断过程仿真研究

直流断路器在研究过程中需要试验测试为设计提供参考,在其制造完成后则需要进行型式试验验证其可靠性。文中以15 kV电压等级的负压耦合型混合式直流断路器为例,对其短路电流开断过程进行仿真并提取了关键点电应力;阐述了两电平电压源合成试验方法,设计了适用于负压耦合型混合式直流断路器的两电平电压源合成试验回路,并优化了参数选取;将两电平回路下开断过程的仿真结果与开断过程所需的电应力进行对比,证明了两电平电压源合成试验方法可以提供开断过程所需的电压与电流应力,验证了两电平合成试验方法的等效性与可行性。文中研究结果可为高压直流断路器的研究、设计及试验提供参考。

基于红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法的两种烷基甲酰吲唑类合成大麻素的结构区分

采用红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法对两种烷基甲酰吲唑类合成大麻素ADB-4enPINACA和MDMB-4en-PINACA标准品结构进行区分,并对实际烟丝检材中的这两种化合物进行鉴定。结果显示:ADB-4en-PINACA的特征峰位于3354.1,3208.7,682.3 cm^(-1)处,保留时间19.098 min,母离子m/z 342.2,主要子离子m/z 213.1,241.2;MDMB-4en-PINACA的特征峰位于3411.8,1725.4 cm^(-1)处,保留时间13.238 min,母离子m/z 357.2,主要子离子m/z 213.1,270.1。两种化合物产生差异的原因在于ADB-4en-PINACA末端基团为酰胺基,而MDMB-4en-PINACA末端基团为酯基。采用气相色谱-质谱法对疑似含有ADB-4en-PINACA和MDMB-4en-PINACA的样品进行分析,所得质谱特征峰和标准品的基本一致。

中高密集度浮冰区船体冰水动力试验研究

船冰作用力的预报是冰区船航行性能评估环节的重点。本文针对某冰区航行船开展操纵性斜航模型试验研究,采用以聚丙烯为主材的圆形非冻结模型冰,通过模型试验给出船在无冰水域和中高密集度浮冰区的船体受力,研究船体在不同航速和漂角下的船体受力特性,并基于典型工况分析试验数据的重复性,发展冰区航行船的非冻结模型冰模型试验技术。研究结果表明:浮冰密集度、航速和漂角的增大会使船体受力增大,高密集度和大漂角下船冰接触区域更大,试验数据重复性也较好。

分区合成C扫成像方法在水冷板超声检测中的应用

介绍了一种相控阵超声检测的分区合成C扫描成像方法。首先,通过相控阵超声水冷检测中遇到的缺陷无法有效检出的问题来阐述传统成像方法的局限,提出了分区合成C扫描成像方法,并介绍了该方法的具体原理和实现方式;最后通过对比该方法应用前后的成像结果,分析了该方法的优势和应用场景。结果表明,相较于传统的相控阵超声和超声显微镜成像方法,分区合成C扫描成像方法能更好地应用于包括水冷板在内的各种复杂多层结构工件的检测中。

基于MgAlRu-500R光热催化合成氨速率分析

为解决传统合成氨催化剂制备复杂、反应速率低、资源浪费等问题,提出MgAl Ru-500R光热催化合成氨生产工艺。根据实验要求制备催化剂,从吸光度和宽光谱吸收性能两方面进行MgAl Ru-500R吸光度测试,分析常压条件下的光热催化合成氨性能,评估催化剂应用效果。结果表明,常压条件下,MgAl Ru-500R催化剂可发生合成氨反应,温度影响产氨速率,380℃时达到3.0 mmol/(g·h);温度一致时,催化剂在光热催化时的活性较纯热催化大幅提高;光的引入加速解离氮气分子,提高产氨速率。MgAl Ru-500R光热催化合成氨工艺应用效果良好,对氨合成产业发展起到推动作用。

地铁齿轮箱润滑油工况分析及研制

地铁作为现代地下交通工具,减轻了地面交通的压力。转向架齿轮箱是地铁列车的关键部件,其工作性能直接影响到地铁运行的可靠性、平稳性和安全性,地铁齿轮箱润滑油性能的优劣是影响地铁转向架设备寿命和车辆行驶安全的因素之一。文章介绍了地铁齿轮箱润滑油的润滑部位、工况、常见失效模式、分析评定方法等,并阐述了地铁齿轮箱润滑油的研制过程。通过对基础油、复合剂及摩擦改进剂的考察,最终确定配方组成为合成基础油(mPAO+己二酸酯)、9.0%的轨交齿轮油专用复合剂及0.65%摩擦改进剂。研制油与进口齿轮油各项性能相当,并通过了齿轮箱制造商的型式试验验证。

生物质碳量子点检测食品中合成着色剂的研究进展

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